Influence of a Natural Plant Antioxidant on the Ageing Process of Ethylene-norbornene Copolymer (Topas)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Surface Free Energy (SFE)
2.2. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) Analysis
2.3. Change of Colour Measurement
2.4. Mechanical Properties
2.5. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)
2.6. Oxidation Induction Time (OIT)
2.7. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Analysis
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Mixture Reagents
3.2. Method of Topas Blends Preparation with Natural Additives
3.3. Weathering Aging
3.4. Measurement Methods
3.4.1. Surface Free Energy (SFE)
3.4.2. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) Analysis
3.4.3. Change of Colour Measurement
3.4.4. Mechanical Properties
3.4.5. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)
3.4.6. Oxidative-Induction Time (OIT)
3.4.7. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Liquid | Contact Angle after Weathering Aging [°] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reference | 100 h | 200 h | 300 h | 400 h | |
Topas | |||||
Water | 87.6 | 90.6 | 98.2 | 97.8 | 97.6 |
Diiodomethane | 61.6 | 59.9 | 55.4 | 62.5 | 53.8 |
Ethylene glycol | 63.3 | 65.4 | 74.9 | 75.0 | 69.5 |
Topas/Silica | |||||
Water | 96.1 | 103.9 | 94.9 | 88.7 | 87.9 |
Diiodomethane | 61.5 | 54.7 | 55.3 | 51.5 | 52.4 |
Ethylene glycol | 73.6 | 78.7 | 69.7 | 65.7 | 64.1 |
Topas/Silica/Hesperidin | |||||
Water | 87.2 | 97.9 | 99.0 | 98.1 | 98.9 |
Diiodomethane | 63.9 | 57.2 | 66.0 | 54.5 | 51.9 |
Ethylene glycol | 67.2 | 71.9 | 78.1 | 71.0 | 73.4 |
Sample | L* śr. [–] | a* śr. [–] | b* śr. [–] | ΔL [–] | Δa [–] | Δb [–] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Topas | 89.13 | 0.15 | 3.47 | 0.74 | 0.05 | 0.29 |
Topas-silica | 86.02 | 0.08 | 4.79 | 0.14 | 0.08 | 0.29 |
Topas-silica-hesperidin | 86.21 | −2.97 | 16.92 | 0.26 | 0.02 | 0.25 |
Sample | Aging Time | SE100 | SE200 | SE300 | TFmax | EFmax | σ | ε |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[h] | [MPa] | [MPa] | [MPa] | [MPa] | [%] | [MPa] | [%] | |
Topas | Reference | 6.67 | 7.86 | 10.04 | 33.9 | 976 | 32.5 | 959.7 |
100 | 7.13 | 8.48 | 10.60 | 34.9 | 993 | - | - | |
200 | 6.86 | 8.26 | 10.30 | 34.4 | 993 | - | - | |
300 | 6.84 | 8.02 | 10.00 | 34.8 | 994 | - | - | |
400 | 6.67 | 7.82 | 9.72 | 29.7 | 946 | 28.5 | 898.3 | |
Topas/silica | Reference | 7.42 | 8.89 | 11.40 | 40.8 | 989 | 39.4 | 980.2 |
100 | 7.79 | 9.28 | 11.50 | 40.8 | 994 | - | - | |
200 | 8.30 | 9.70 | 11.70 | 25.8 | 728 | 25.3 | 729.2 | |
300 | 8.32 | 9.26 | 10.80 | 16.9 | 555 | 16.7 | 557.4 | |
400 | 7.98 | 8.47 | 9.47 | 10.3 | 369 | 9.8 | 374.4 | |
Topas/silica/hesperidin | Reference | 7.57 | 9.09 | 11.60 | 39.6 | 970 | 39.4 | 958.3 |
100 | 7.75 | 9.26 | 11.70 | 41.5 | 993 | - | - | |
200 | 8.04 | 9.54 | 11.80 | 38.4 | 993 | - | - | |
300 | 8.31 | 9.96 | 12.30 | 38.7 | 952 | 38.7 | 951.9 | |
400 | 8.42 | 10.10 | 12.60 | 33.7 | 820 | 33.2 | 820.5 |
Mixture | Temperatures of Mass Change [°C] | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T2% | T5% | T10% | T20% | T50% | T70% | T90% | |
Topas | 432.5 | 449.2 | 456.7 | 464.2 | 475.8 | 480.8 | 487.5 |
Topas/silica | 439.2 | 451.7 | 460.0 | 467.5 | 479.2 | 485.8 | 497.5 |
Topas/silica/hesperidin | 434.2 | 449.2 | 457.5 | 465.8 | 478.3 | 485.8 | 497.5 |
Mixture | OIT Value [min] | Energy of Oxidation [J/g] |
---|---|---|
Topas | 5.09 | 170 |
Topas/silica | 1.93 | 247 |
Topas/silica/hesperidin | 3.23 | 256 |
Mixture | Weight Composition [phr] | ||
---|---|---|---|
Topas | Silica A380 | Hesperidin | |
1 | 100 | - | - |
2 | 100 | 10 | - |
3 | 100 | 10 | 1 |
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Masek, A.; Plota, A. Influence of a Natural Plant Antioxidant on the Ageing Process of Ethylene-norbornene Copolymer (Topas). Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 4018. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22084018
Masek A, Plota A. Influence of a Natural Plant Antioxidant on the Ageing Process of Ethylene-norbornene Copolymer (Topas). International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(8):4018. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22084018
Chicago/Turabian StyleMasek, Anna, and Angelika Plota. 2021. "Influence of a Natural Plant Antioxidant on the Ageing Process of Ethylene-norbornene Copolymer (Topas)" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 8: 4018. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22084018