Specific Mycoparasite-Fusarium Graminearum Molecular Signatures in Germinating Seeds Disabled Fusarium Head Blight Pathogen’s Infection
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. In Vitro Wheat Seed Germination and Growth
2.2. FTIR Spectra
2.2.1. Implication of Biochemical Changes in the Root Composition of Wheat Seed
2.2.2. Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
2.2.3. Estimation of Protein Secondary Structures in Tripartite System
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Plant and Fungal Materials
3.2. In Vitro Wheat Seed Germination Assay
3.3. Scanning Electron and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy
3.4. Preparation of the Root Samples for FTIR Spectroscopy
3.5. FTIR Data Analysis
3.6. Protein Secondary Structure Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Wavenumber (cm−1) | Vibration Modes of Functional Groups | Probable Components | References |
---|---|---|---|
3430–3300 | O-H stretching of Alcohols and carboxylic acids | Carbohydrates (cellulose, hemicelluloses) and Glycoconjugates | [24,25] |
N-H stretching of amide A | Proteins (amide A) | ||
2927–2924 2856–2853 | C-H stretching of asymmetric and symmetric CH2 | Lipids | [24,25] |
1744–1700 | C = O stretching of aldehyde, ketone, ester compounds, and carboxylic acid | Fatty acids, aliphatic and aromatic carbonyl compounds hemicelluloses, lignins, pectins | [24,25,26] |
1655–1638 | C = O stretching of -CO-NH | Proteins (amide Ⅰ) | [27] |
1549–1548 | N-H bending and C-N stretching | Proteins (amide Ⅱ) | [27] |
1520–1500 | C = C stretching of aromatic rings | Lignin related molecules; ferulic acid and aromatic ring containing compounds | [24,28,29] |
1456–1453 | C-H bending of CH2 and CH3 | Proteins and lipids | [30,31] |
1319–1318 | C-N stretching and N-H deformation or more complex vibrations | Proteins (amide Ⅲ) | [32] |
1250–1246 | C-O stretching Asymmetric P = O stretching (of PO2-) | Hemicellulose, Phospholipids and nucleic acids | [24,27,30,33] |
1157–1153 1077–1076 | Mainly C-O-C asymmetric stretching and C-O stretching Symmetric stretching of PO2- | Mainly Cellulose, Phospholipids and nucleic acids | [24,27,30,33] |
1058–1036 | C-O-C symmetric stretching and C-C, C-O stretching or C-OH bending | Mainly Cellulose, hemicellulose | [24,27,34,35] |
Peak Position (cm−1) with Relative Identity | Integrated Absorption Peak | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Wavenumber Range (cm−1) | SR | MFR | FR | |
3430–3300 OH stretching and Amide A | 3680–3000 | 19.58 ± 0.02 b | 19.18 ± 0.12 a | 19.54 ± 0.03 b |
2927–2924 2856–2853 Lipids | 3000–2800 | 2.73 ± 0.06 a | 3.11 ± 0.06 b | 2.96 ± 0.02 b |
1744–1743 Carbonyl | 1760–1720 | 0.23 ± 0.00 a | 0.30 ± 0.01 b | 0.24 ± 0.00 a |
1655–1638 Amide I | 1700–1620 | 1.92 ± 0.01 b | 2.06 ± 0.03 c | 1.69 ± 0.00 a |
1549–1548 Amide II | 1560–1530 | 0.35 ± 0.00 a | 0.49 ± 0.01 b | 0.37 ± 0.00 a |
1518–1516 C = C stretching of aromatic rings | 1520–1500 | 0.21 ± 0.00 b | 0.23± 0.01 c | 0.18 ± 0.00 a |
Esterification (%) 1 | 10.70 ± 0.05 a | 12.56 ± 0.08 b | 12.47 ± 0.05 b |
Protein Structure | Treatment | Ratio | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SR | MFR | FR | SR:MFR | SR:FR | |
α-helices | 50.7 | 4.2 | 3.0 | 12.07 | 16.9 |
β-sheets (I + II) | 45.6 | 53.1 | 61.2 | 0.86 | 0.75 |
Coils | 3.5 | 24.3 | 19.4 | 0.14 | 0.18 |
Random | 0.2 | 18.4 | 16.4 | 0.01 | 0.02 |
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Kim, S.H.; Lahlali, R.; Karunakaran, C.; Vujanovic, V. Specific Mycoparasite-Fusarium Graminearum Molecular Signatures in Germinating Seeds Disabled Fusarium Head Blight Pathogen’s Infection. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 2461. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052461
Kim SH, Lahlali R, Karunakaran C, Vujanovic V. Specific Mycoparasite-Fusarium Graminearum Molecular Signatures in Germinating Seeds Disabled Fusarium Head Blight Pathogen’s Infection. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(5):2461. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052461
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Seon Hwa, Rachid Lahlali, Chithra Karunakaran, and Vladimir Vujanovic. 2021. "Specific Mycoparasite-Fusarium Graminearum Molecular Signatures in Germinating Seeds Disabled Fusarium Head Blight Pathogen’s Infection" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 5: 2461. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052461