Molecular Mechanisms and Cellular Contribution from Lung Fibrosis to Lung Cancer Development
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Diagnostic Approaches for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Lung Cancer
2.1. Diagnostic Biomarkers
2.2. Prognostic Biomarkers
2.3. Radiological Biomarkers
3. Common Pathogenic Mechanisms between LC and IPF: Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations in Focus
4. The Onset and Progression of IPF: The Leading Role of TGF-β1
5. The Importance of Mechanosignalling in the Progression of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
6. The Key Role of Myofibroblasts in Fibrosis-Related Diseases
The Role of CAFs in Tumor Progression
7. Therapeutic Agents for IPF and LC
8. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Therapy | Approved for IPF | Approved for LC |
---|---|---|
Nintedanib | Yes | Yes—In combination with docetaxel (second-line treatment) for ADC-NSCLC |
Pirfenidone | Yes | No—Preclinical studies ongoing |
Gefitinib | No—Early phase drug discovery study | Yes |
Erlotinib | No—Early phase drug discovery study | Yes |
Afatinib | No—Early phase drug discovery study | Yes |
Imatinib | No—Strong recommendation against its use for IPF patients | Yes |
Rovalpituzumab | No—Artesunate (pre-clinical studies) | Yes |
Everolimus | No—Not effective in IPF | Yes |
Nivolumab | Yes—Used for IPF-LC patients | Yes |
Mechanism of Action | Clinical Trial Identifier | Phase of Development | Treatment Duration | |
---|---|---|---|---|
PRM-151 | Recombinant form of human SAP | NCT02550873 | II | 28 weeks |
Simtuzumab | Anti-LOX antibody | NCT01769196 | II | 148 weeks |
BG00011 | Anti-integrin antibody | NCT03573505 | II | 52 weeks |
Tralokinumab | Anti IL-13 | NCT01629667 | II | 52 weeks |
Pamrevlumab (FG-3019) | Anti-CTGF antibody | NCT01890265 | II | 48 weeks |
Tipelukast | Leukotriene antagonists | NCT02503657 | II | 26 weeks |
PBI-4050 | GPR84 antagonist/GPR40 agonist | NCT02538536 | II | 20 weeks |
Lebrikizumab | Anti IL-13 antibody | NCT01872689 | II | 52 weeks |
KD025 | Selective inhibitor of ROCK2 | NCT02688647 | II | 24 weeks |
GLPG1690 | Autotaxin-LPA inhibitor | NCT02738801 | II | 12 weeks |
CC-90001 | Kinase inhibitor targeting JNKs | NCT03142191 | II | 24 weeks |
Rituximab | Antibody targeting CD20 | NCT01969409 | II | 36 weeks |
Sirolimus | mTOR inhibitor | NCT01462006 | NA | 22 weeks |
Saracatinib | Src family kinase inhibitor | NCT04598919 | IB/2 | 28 weeks |
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Samarelli, A.V.; Masciale, V.; Aramini, B.; Coló, G.P.; Tonelli, R.; Marchioni, A.; Bruzzi, G.; Gozzi, F.; Andrisani, D.; Castaniere, I.; et al. Molecular Mechanisms and Cellular Contribution from Lung Fibrosis to Lung Cancer Development. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 12179. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212179
Samarelli AV, Masciale V, Aramini B, Coló GP, Tonelli R, Marchioni A, Bruzzi G, Gozzi F, Andrisani D, Castaniere I, et al. Molecular Mechanisms and Cellular Contribution from Lung Fibrosis to Lung Cancer Development. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(22):12179. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212179
Chicago/Turabian StyleSamarelli, Anna Valeria, Valentina Masciale, Beatrice Aramini, Georgina Pamela Coló, Roberto Tonelli, Alessandro Marchioni, Giulia Bruzzi, Filippo Gozzi, Dario Andrisani, Ivana Castaniere, and et al. 2021. "Molecular Mechanisms and Cellular Contribution from Lung Fibrosis to Lung Cancer Development" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 22: 12179. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212179