Screening Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Flavanones Solutions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. In Silico Analyses
2.2. Model of Mice Ear Inflammation Induced with TPA
2.3. Model of Rat Ear Inflammation Induced with AA and Anti-Inflammatory Response after Flavanone Solution Treatment
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Materials
4.2. Plant Extraction and Derivatization of Flavanones
4.3. In Silico Analysis
4.4. Flavanone Solutions (FS)
4.5. In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Testing
4.5.1. The TPA-Induced Rat Ear Inflammation Model
4.5.2. Arachidonic Acid (AA)-Induced Rat Ear Inflammation Model
4.5.3. Gene Expression Analysis by RT-qPCR
4.5.4. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Data | Flavanone | Diclofenac | Indomethacin | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1a | 1b | 1c | 1d | |||
Anti-inflammatory (Pa) | 0.66 | 0.72 | 0.61 | 0.74 | 0.62 | 0.79 | 0.71 |
miLogP | 4.49 | 3.82 | 4.56 | 4.22 | 4.07 | 4.57 | 3.99 |
TPSA | 66.76 | 78.92 | 55.77 | 55.77 | 55.77 | 49.33 | 68.54 |
natoms | 23 | 29 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 19 | 25 |
MW | 310.35 | 394.42 | 324.38 | 324.38 | 322.36 | 296.15 | 357.79 |
Volume | 282.78 | 355.81 | 300.31 | 295.6 | 289.41 | 238.73 | 303.24 |
Solutions | FS1 | FS1a | FS1b | FS1c | FS1d | Indomethacin |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% Inhibition | 66.67 ± 1.55 | 10.27 ± 0.21 | 25.69 ± 0.52 | 40.61 ± 0.81 | 96.27 ± 1.93 | 91.35 ± 0.47 |
Gene (Rat) | Primer Sequences (5′-3′) | Gene Accession Number |
---|---|---|
IL-6 | FW: AGAAAAGAGTTGTGCAATGGCA RV: GGCAAATTTCCTGGTTATATCC | NM_012589.2 |
TNF-α | FW: AAATGGGCTCCCTCTCATCAGTTC RV: TCTGCTTGGTGGTTTGCTACGAC | NM_012675.3 |
IL-1β | FW: CACCTCTCAAGCAGAGCACAG RV: GGGTTCCATGGTGAAGTCAAC | NM_031512.2 |
β-actin | FW: AAGTCCCTCACCCTCCCAAAA RV: AAGCAATGCTGTCACCTTCCC | V01217.1 |
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Bustos-Salgado, P.; Andrade-Carrera, B.; Domínguez-Villegas, V.; Díaz-Garrido, N.; Rodríguez-Lagunas, M.J.; Badía, J.; Baldomà, L.; Mallandrich, M.; Calpena-Campmany, A.; Garduño-Ramírez, M.L. Screening Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Flavanones Solutions. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 8878. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168878
Bustos-Salgado P, Andrade-Carrera B, Domínguez-Villegas V, Díaz-Garrido N, Rodríguez-Lagunas MJ, Badía J, Baldomà L, Mallandrich M, Calpena-Campmany A, Garduño-Ramírez ML. Screening Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Flavanones Solutions. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(16):8878. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168878
Chicago/Turabian StyleBustos-Salgado, Paola, Berenice Andrade-Carrera, Valeri Domínguez-Villegas, Natalia Díaz-Garrido, María J. Rodríguez-Lagunas, Josefa Badía, Laura Baldomà, Mireia Mallandrich, Ana Calpena-Campmany, and María Luisa Garduño-Ramírez. 2021. "Screening Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Flavanones Solutions" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 16: 8878. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168878