Low-Dose Acrolein, an Endogenous and Exogenous Toxic Molecule, Inhibits Glucose Transport via an Inhibition of Akt-Regulated GLUT4 Signaling in Skeletal Muscle Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. The In Vivo Effects of Acrolein on Blood Glucose and Muscle GLUT4 Expression in Mice
2.2. The In Vitro Effects of Acrolein on Glucose Metabolic Signaling in C2C12 Myotubes
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Animals
4.2. Blood Glucose Analysis and Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
4.3. Myoblasts and Myotube Formation
4.4. Glucose Transport Assay
4.5. Protein Extraction and Western Blot and Immunohistochemical Analysis
4.6. Transient Transfection
4.7. Determination of Glycogen Content
4.8. Statistics
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Wang, C.-C.; Chen, H.-J.; Chan, D.-C.; Chiu, C.-Y.; Liu, S.-H.; Lan, K.-C. Low-Dose Acrolein, an Endogenous and Exogenous Toxic Molecule, Inhibits Glucose Transport via an Inhibition of Akt-Regulated GLUT4 Signaling in Skeletal Muscle Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 7228. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22137228
Wang C-C, Chen H-J, Chan D-C, Chiu C-Y, Liu S-H, Lan K-C. Low-Dose Acrolein, an Endogenous and Exogenous Toxic Molecule, Inhibits Glucose Transport via an Inhibition of Akt-Regulated GLUT4 Signaling in Skeletal Muscle Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(13):7228. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22137228
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Ching-Chia, Huang-Jen Chen, Ding-Cheng Chan, Chen-Yuan Chiu, Shing-Hwa Liu, and Kuo-Cheng Lan. 2021. "Low-Dose Acrolein, an Endogenous and Exogenous Toxic Molecule, Inhibits Glucose Transport via an Inhibition of Akt-Regulated GLUT4 Signaling in Skeletal Muscle Cells" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 13: 7228. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22137228