Selective Inhibition of Genomic and Non-Genomic Effects of Thyroid Hormone Regulates Muscle Cell Differentiation and Metabolic Behavior
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Inactivation of D2 Expression Enhances Cell Proliferation of Muscle Cells
2.2. Silencing of β3-Integrin Inhibits Cell Proliferation of Muscle Cells
2.3. Muscle Cell Differentiation Is Positively Regulated by Both Genomic and Non-Genomic TH Action
2.4. Both Genomic and Non-Genomic Actions of TH Reduce Redox State of Muscle Cells
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Cell Cultures
4.2. Constructs and Transfections
4.3. Dio2 and 3-Integrin Targeted Mutagenesis
4.4. Western Blot Analysis
4.5. Real-Time PCR
4.6. Immunofluorescence Analysis
4.7. Colony Formation Assay
4.8. MTT Assay
4.9. HPLC-MS Measurement of T3 and T4
4.10. Measurement of Cellular ROS
4.11. Cell Cycle Analysis
5. Statistics
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Nappi, A.; Murolo, M.; Sagliocchi, S.; Miro, C.; Cicatiello, A.G.; Di Cicco, E.; Di Paola, R.; Raia, M.; D’Esposito, L.; Stornaiuolo, M.; et al. Selective Inhibition of Genomic and Non-Genomic Effects of Thyroid Hormone Regulates Muscle Cell Differentiation and Metabolic Behavior. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 7175. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22137175
Nappi A, Murolo M, Sagliocchi S, Miro C, Cicatiello AG, Di Cicco E, Di Paola R, Raia M, D’Esposito L, Stornaiuolo M, et al. Selective Inhibition of Genomic and Non-Genomic Effects of Thyroid Hormone Regulates Muscle Cell Differentiation and Metabolic Behavior. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(13):7175. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22137175
Chicago/Turabian StyleNappi, Annarita, Melania Murolo, Serena Sagliocchi, Caterina Miro, Annunziata Gaetana Cicatiello, Emery Di Cicco, Rossella Di Paola, Maddalena Raia, Lucia D’Esposito, Mariano Stornaiuolo, and et al. 2021. "Selective Inhibition of Genomic and Non-Genomic Effects of Thyroid Hormone Regulates Muscle Cell Differentiation and Metabolic Behavior" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 13: 7175. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22137175