Bioengineered Ferritin Nanocarriers for Cancer Therapy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Targeting Mechanism of Ferritin
3. Tumor Targeting Modification on Ferritin
4. The Role of Ferritin in Cancer Treatment
4.1. Strategies for Loading Chemotherapeutics with Ferritin
4.2. Ferritin Nanoparticles Combined with Photothermal Therapy (PTT)
4.3. Ferritin Nanoparticles Combined with Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)
4.4. Application of Ferritin in PTT and PDT
5. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ferritin Carrier | Surface Modification | Targeting Receptor | Cancer Type | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Human HFn | RGD peptide | Integrin αvβ3 | All types | [30] |
human HFn | PASE masking peptide | \ | All types | [35] |
human HFn | EGF | EGFR | Breast cancer | [23] |
human HFn | GE11 peptide | EGFR | Breast cancer | [36] |
Pyrococcus furiosus ferritin | SP94 peptide | GRP78 | Liver cancer | [37] |
Apoferritin | GKRK peptide | HSPG | Glioma | [39] |
Human HFn | Angiopep-2 peptide | LRP1 | Glioma | [40] |
Human HFn | PEG | \ | Airway lung cancer | [41] |
Human HFn | folic acid | folic acid receptor | \ | [42] |
Human HFn | Ep1 antibody | CSPG4 | Melanoma | [43] |
Human HFn | Nb | EGFR | Epidermoid carcinoma | [44] |
Human HFn | RFP | LNs | Melanoma | [45] |
Human HFn | MSH | Melanoma cells | Melanoma | [46] |
Drug Carrier | Encapsulated Drug | Application | Cancer Type | Treatment Effect | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Human HFn | Cisplatin | Chemotherapy | Melanoma | Improved the therapeutic index of melanoma | [43] |
Horse spleen ferritin | Gold-based anticancer drugs | Chemotherapy | All types | The impact on normal cells was significantly reduced | [47,48] |
Human HFn (MSH and PEG modified | Co (II) | Hyperthermia | Melanoma | Cell viability significantly reduced | [46] |
Human HFn | Gefitinib | Chemotherapy | Breast cancer | Has enhanced tumor suppression (GI50 = 0.52 × 10−6 M) compared to free Gefitinib (GI50 = 1.66 × 10−6 M) | [49] |
Human HFn | DOX (Pre-complexation with Cu (II)) | Chemotherapy | Glioblastoma | 89.6% TGI of U87MG subcutaneous tumor models | [29] |
Human HFn | DOX | Chemotherapy | Gastric cancer | 91.1% TGI of TfR1-positive gastric cancer models | [50] |
Apoferritin | VCR | Chemotherapy | Glioma | Relative tumor proliferation rate of VCR-loaded apoferritin (36.31 ± 5.52%) was much lower than free VCR (96.34 ± 5.56%) | [39] |
Human HFn | Paclitaxel | Chemotherapy | Breast cancer | The tumor volume in Taxol group (0.8 cm3) was much lower than PBS group (2.26 cm3) | [51] |
Apoferritin | Curcumin | Chemotherapy | Breast cancer | The therapeutic dose reached 97 μg/mL | [52] |
Apoferritin | Quercetin and curcumin | Chemotherapy | Breast cancer | The EC50 for MCF7 reduced to 11 μM | [53] |
Human HFn | Atropine | Chemotherapy | Pancreatic cancer | The neurogenesis in pancreatic cancer was impaired | [54] |
Human HFn (PASE masking peptide modified) | Genz-644282 | Chemotherapy | All types | 94.0% TGI of xenograft (subcutaneous) model of pancreatic (HPAF II cells) cancer model; 100% TGI of xenograft PaCa44 pancreatic, triple-negative breast and liver cancer model | [34,35] |
Apoferritin | GW 610 and amino acid prodrugs | Chemotherapy | Breast and colorectal carcinoma | The Apoferritin-encapsulated Lys modified GW 608 complexes exhibit potent anticancer activity | [55] |
Horse spleen ferritin (protective PAS peptides or PEG modified) | Ellipticine | Chemotherapy | Breast cancer | All three surface modifications of ferritin displayed beneficial effects on biocompatibility | [56] |
Human HFn | CuS | PTT | Glioblastoma | 100% tumor elimination was achieved in CuS-Fn group plus laser irradiation | [57] |
Human HFn | IR820 | PTT | Breast cancer | Eliminated 100% mouse breast cancer cells | [58] |
Apoferritin | Epirubicin and DBN | Chemotherapy and PTT | Breast cancer | Killed about 80% of CSCs in primary tumor with photodynamic therapy | [59] |
Apoferritin | DOX and ADNIR | Chemotherapy and PTT | Colon cancer | The tumor size was significantly reduced in a mice HT-29 tumor model | [60] |
Apoferritin (with Au nanoshell) | DOX | Chemotherapy and PTT | Liver cancer | Hepa1-6 cells have a low viability (4.3%) after chemotherapy and PTT | [61] |
Apoferritin | RSV and IR780 | PTT | Ovarian cancer | The survival rate was high after 60 days of combined treatment | [62] |
Human HFn (Prussian blue PB-modified) | gemcitabine GEM | Chemotherapy and PTT | Breast cancer | PB-Ft NPs-assisted photothermo-chemotherapy effectively damaged the 4T1 tumor cells | [63] |
Apoferritin (RGD modified) | ZnF16Pc | PDT | Breast cancer | The loading rate reached 60% | [64] |
Apoferritin | HB | PDT | Breast cancer | HB encapsulation efficiency of 85% | [65] |
Apoferritin | DOX and RB | Chemotherapy and PDT | Breast cancer | The cell inhibition rate was up to ~83% | [66] |
Human HFn (CDs modified) | DOX | Chemotherapy and PDT | Breast cancer | Simultaneous action of CDs and DOX was the most effective for DNA damage | [67] |
Human HFn (scFv sequence modified) | ZnF16Pc | PDT | Breast cancer | Selectively killing CAFs under the action of PDT; stimulate immunity against CAFs and induce broad-spectrum anti-cancer immunity | [68,69] |
Human HFn (RGD peptide modified) | DVDMS | PTT and PDT | Breast cancer | Eliminated 100% mouse breast cancer cells with PTT and PDT | [30] |
Human HFn (CGKRK peptide modified) | 556-Ph | PTT and PDT | Breast cancer | The tumor in the PTT + PDT group did not recur after 16 days of treatment | [38] |
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Sun, X.; Hong, Y.; Gong, Y.; Zheng, S.; Xie, D. Bioengineered Ferritin Nanocarriers for Cancer Therapy. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 7023. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22137023
Sun X, Hong Y, Gong Y, Zheng S, Xie D. Bioengineered Ferritin Nanocarriers for Cancer Therapy. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(13):7023. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22137023
Chicago/Turabian StyleSun, Xuanrong, Yulu Hong, Yubei Gong, Shanshan Zheng, and Dehui Xie. 2021. "Bioengineered Ferritin Nanocarriers for Cancer Therapy" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 13: 7023. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22137023