Ischemic Heart Disease Pathophysiology Paradigms Overview: From Plaque Activation to Microvascular Dysfunction
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Coronary Macrocirculation Involvement in the Ischemic Heart Disease Pathophysiology
2.1. Ischemic Heart Disease and the Hydraulic Paradigm: Role of Coronary Artery Disease and Vasospasm
2.2. The Biological Paradigm: The Bidirectional Link between Inflammation and Myocardial Ischemia
2.2.1. Inflammation as Cause of Ischemic Heart Disease
2.2.2. Inflammation as Consequence of Ischemic Heart Disease
2.3. Coronary Circulation Involvement during HIV Infection and Antiretroviral Therapy
3. Role of Coronary Microcirculation in the Pathophysiology of Ischemic Heart Disease
3.1. The Mechanistic Point of View of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction Pathophysiology
3.2. The Functional Point of View of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction Pathophysiology
3.3. Microvascular–Myocardial Interaction in the Regulation of Coronary Blood Flow
4. Conclusions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Severino, P.; D'Amato, A.; Pucci, M.; Infusino, F.; Adamo, F.; Birtolo, L.I.; Netti, L.; Montefusco, G.; Chimenti, C.; Lavalle, C.; et al. Ischemic Heart Disease Pathophysiology Paradigms Overview: From Plaque Activation to Microvascular Dysfunction. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 8118. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218118
Severino P, D'Amato A, Pucci M, Infusino F, Adamo F, Birtolo LI, Netti L, Montefusco G, Chimenti C, Lavalle C, et al. Ischemic Heart Disease Pathophysiology Paradigms Overview: From Plaque Activation to Microvascular Dysfunction. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(21):8118. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218118
Chicago/Turabian StyleSeverino, Paolo, Andrea D'Amato, Mariateresa Pucci, Fabio Infusino, Francesco Adamo, Lucia Ilaria Birtolo, Lucrezia Netti, Giulio Montefusco, Cristina Chimenti, Carlo Lavalle, and et al. 2020. "Ischemic Heart Disease Pathophysiology Paradigms Overview: From Plaque Activation to Microvascular Dysfunction" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 21: 8118. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218118