Sustained Incompatibility between MAPK Signaling and Pathogen Effectors
1
Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRAE, UEVE, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
2
Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRAE, UEVE, Université de Paris, 91405 Orsay, France
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(21), 7954; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21217954
Received: 21 August 2020 / Revised: 9 October 2020 / Accepted: 12 October 2020 / Published: 26 October 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases in Sickness and in Health)
In plants, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) are important signaling components involved in developemental processes as well as in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this review, we focus on the roles of MAPKs in Effector-Triggered Immunity (ETI), a specific layer of plant defense responses dependent on the recognition of pathogen effector proteins. Having inspected the literature, we synthesize the current state of knowledge concerning this topic. First, we describe how pathogen effectors can manipulate MAPK signaling to promote virulence, and how in parallel plants have developed mechanisms to protect themselves against these interferences. Then, we discuss the striking finding that the recognition of pathogen effectors can provoke a sustained activation of the MAPKs MPK3/6, extensively analyzing its implications in terms of regulation and functions. In line with this, we also address the question of how a durable activation of MAPKs might affect the scope of their substrates, and thereby mediate the emergence of possibly new ETI-specific responses. By highlighting the sometimes conflicting or missing data, our intention is to spur further research in order to both consolidate and expand our understanding of MAPK signaling in immunity.
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Keywords:
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPK); effectors; plant pathogens; ETI; PTI; phosphocode
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MDPI and ACS Style
Lang, J.; Colcombet, J. Sustained Incompatibility between MAPK Signaling and Pathogen Effectors. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 7954. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21217954
AMA Style
Lang J, Colcombet J. Sustained Incompatibility between MAPK Signaling and Pathogen Effectors. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(21):7954. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21217954
Chicago/Turabian StyleLang, Julien; Colcombet, Jean. 2020. "Sustained Incompatibility between MAPK Signaling and Pathogen Effectors" Int. J. Mol. Sci. 21, no. 21: 7954. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21217954
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