Regulation of Male Fertility by the Renin-Angiotensin System
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS)
Axes that Compose the RAS
3. The RAS and Male Fertility
3.1. Regulation of Testicular Function by Local RAS
3.1.1. The Renin/ACE/Ang II/AT1R/AT2R Axis
3.1.2. The ACE2/Ang (1–7)/MasR Axis
3.1.3. The Ang IV/AT4R-IRAP Axis
3.1.4. The (Pro)renin/PRR Axis
3.2. Regulation of Sperm Phisiology by Local RAS
3.2.1. The Renin/ACE/Ang II/AT1R/AT2R Axis
3.2.2. The ACE2/Ang (1–7)/MasR Axis
3.2.3. The Ang IV/AT4R-IRAP Axis
3.2.4. The (pro)renin/PRR axis
4. Conclusions and Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Axis | Component | Function | References |
---|---|---|---|
Renin/ACE/Ang II/ AT1R/AT2R axis | AGT | Local production of Ang II | Dzau et al. 1987, Speth et al. 1999 |
ACE | Local production of Ang II | - | |
Ang II | Negative regulation of testosterone production Regulation of testicular growth and/or differentiation | Dufau et al. 1989, Khanum and Dufau 1988 Schunkert et al. 1993; Leung and Sernia 2003 Hirai et al. 1998 | |
Ang III | Negative regulation of testosterone production | de la Chica-Rodriguez et al. 2008, Martinez-Martos et al. 2011 | |
AT1R | Negative regulation of spermatogenesis and testosterone production | Vinson et al. 1995 Hirai et al. 1998 | |
APA | Negative regulation of testosterone production | de la Chica-Rodriguez et al. 2008 | |
ACE2/Ang (1–7)/ MasR axis | ACE2 | Positive regulation of spermatogenesis Positive regulation of testosterone production | Reis et al. 2010 Pan et al. 2013 |
Ang-(1–7) | Positive regulation of testosterone production Positive regulation of spermatogenesis | Alenina et al. 2002, Leal et al. 2009, Xu et al. 2007 Reis et al. 2010 | |
MasR | Positive regulation of spermatogenesis Regulation of testosterone production | Reis et al. 2010 | |
NEP | Regulation of sperm maturation and proacrosin activation | Erdos et al., 1985 | |
Ang IV AT4R-IRAP axis | Ang IV | Negative regulation of testosterone production | de la Chica-Rodriguez et al. 2008, Martinez-Martos et al. 2011 |
APN | Alteration of Sertoli cells function Negative regulation of spermatogenesis and testosterone production | Osada et al. 2001 Martinez-Martos et al. 2011 | |
APB | Negative regulation of testosterone production | Martinez-Martos et al. 2011 | |
(Pro)renin/ PRR axis | (Pro)renin | Positive regulation of spermatogenesis | Mukhopadhyay et al. 1995 |
Renin | Positive regulation of testosterone production | Parmentier et al. 1983 |
Axis | Component | Function | References |
---|---|---|---|
Renin/ACE/Ang II/ AT1R/AT2R axis | AGT | Involved in sperm-oocyte fusion | Tempfer et al. 2000 |
tACE | Regulation of sperm motility, capacitation, acrosome reaction and sperm-oocyte fusion Involved in embryo quality and development | Siems et al. 1991, Yamaguchi et al. 2006, Foresta et al. 1987, Kohn et al. 1995, Hagaman et al. 1998, Krege et al. 1995, Foresta et al. 1991, Gianzo et al. 2018, Gianzo et al. 2018 | |
ACE3 | Involved in sperm-oocyte fusion | Inoue et al. 2010 | |
Ang II | Regulation of sperm motility, capacitation and acrosome reaction | Foresta et al. 1991, Kohn et al. 1995, Sabeur et al. 2000, Vinson et al. 1996, Wennemuth et al. 1999 | |
AT1R | Regulation of sperm motility | Vinson et al. 1996 | |
AT2R | Regulation of sperm motility | Gianzo et al., 2016 | |
ACE2/Ang (1–7)/ MasR axis | Ang-(1–7) | Positive regulation of sperm motility | Valdivia et al. 2020 |
MasR | Regulation of sperm motility | Valdivia et al. 2020 | |
NEP | Negative regulation of sperm motility | Subiran et al. 2008 | |
NEP2 | Negative involved in oocyte fertilization and embryo development Regulation of sperm motility | Carpentier et al. 2004 Pinto et al. 2010 | |
Ang IV/ AT4R-IRAP axis | APN | Regulation of sperm motility and acrosome reaction Negative regulation of early embryo development | Togo and Morisawa 1997, Togo and Morisawa 2004 Subiran et al. 2008, Irazusta et al. 2004 Khatun et al. 2017 |
(Pro)renin/ PRR axis | PRR | Negative regulation of sperm motility | Gianzo et al. (Unpublished data) |
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Gianzo, M.; Subirán, N. Regulation of Male Fertility by the Renin-Angiotensin System. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 7943. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21217943
Gianzo M, Subirán N. Regulation of Male Fertility by the Renin-Angiotensin System. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(21):7943. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21217943
Chicago/Turabian StyleGianzo, Marta, and Nerea Subirán. 2020. "Regulation of Male Fertility by the Renin-Angiotensin System" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 21: 7943. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21217943