Inhibition of IL-13 and IL-13Rα2 Expression by IL-32θ in Human Monocytic Cells Requires PKCδ and STAT3 Association
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Microarray Identification of IL-13Rα2 and IL-13 as Down-Regulated Genes by IL-32θ
2.2. IL-32θ Negatively Regulates IL-13Rα2 and IL-13 in Both mRNA and Protein Expression
2.3. IL-32θ Directly Interacts with PKCδ, STAT3, but not STAT6
2.4. STAT3 Binding to IL-13Rα2 and IL-13 Promoters Was Suppressed by IL-32θ
2.5. Blocking of STAT3 Binding Showed Additive Effect with IL-32θ
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods.
4.1. Cell Culture and Generation of IL-32θ-Stably Expressing Cell Line
4.2. Microarray
4.3. Reverse Transcription Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR)
4.4. Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Fractionation
4.5. Immunoprecipitation and Western Blotting
4.6. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
4.7. Decoy Oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) and Transfection
4.8. Plasmid Constructs
4.9. Luciferase Assay
4.10. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) Assay
4.11. Flow Cytometry Analysis
4.12. Statistics
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
CCL5 | Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 |
IL-4Rα | Interleukin-4 receptor subunit alpha |
IL-13Rα1 | Interleukin-13 receptor subunit alpha 1 |
JAK | Janus kinase |
MAPK | Mitogen-activated protein kinase |
NF-κB | Nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells |
PCR | Polymerase chain reaction |
STAT | Signal transducer and activator of transcription |
TNF-α | Tumor necrosis factor alpha |
TYK | Tyrosine kinase |
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Gene Accession | Gene Description | Gene Symbol | Ratio Value (log2) | GO Biological Process Term |
---|---|---|---|---|
Down-regulation | ||||
NM_005988 | Small proline-rich protein 2A | SPRR2A | −3.866 | Epidermis development // keratinocyte differentiation |
NM_002985 | Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 | CCL5 | −2.876 | Chemotaxis // inflammatory response // immune response |
NM_001712 | Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 | CEACAM1 | −2.612 | Angiogenesis // integrin-mediated signaling pathway // cell migration |
NM_000640 | Interleukin 13 receptor, alpha 2 | IL13RA2 | −2.399 | --- |
NM_002160 | Tenascin C | TNC | −2.314 | Cell adhesion // signal transduction // response to wounding |
NM_005546 | Interleukin 2-inducible T-cell kinase | ITK | −3.250 | Cellular defense response // signal transduction // intracellular signaling pathway |
NR_029635 | MicroRNA 221 | MIR221 | −2.242 | --- |
NM_001558 | Interleukin 10 receptor, alpha | IL10RA | −1.526 | Blood coagulation // response to lipopolysaccharide |
NM_000201 | Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 | ICAM1 | −1.231 | Regulation of cell adhesion |
NM_000878 | Interleukin 2 receptor, beta | IL2RB | −1.158 | Cytokine-mediated signaling pathway // positive regulation of survival gene product expression |
NM_006850 | Interleukin 24 | IL24 | −1.106 | Apoptosis |
NM_001562 | Interleukin 18 (Interferon-gamma-inducing factor) | IL18 | −1.045 | Angiogenesis // immune response // positive regulation of interferon-gamma production |
NM_000576 | Interleukin 1, beta | IL1B | −1.024 | Positive regulation of protein phosphorylation // inflammatory response // signal transduction |
NM_002188 | Interleukin 13 | IL13 | −0.550 | Inflammatory response // cell-cell signaling // positive regulation of protein secretion |
Primer Names | Primer Sequences (5′ to 3′) | Products Size (bp) | |
---|---|---|---|
GAPDH mRNA | Forward | TGGTATCGTGGAAGGACTCATGAC | 189 |
Reverse | ATGCCAGTGAGCTTCCCGTTCAGC | ||
IL-13 mRNA | Forward | CATGGCGCTTTTGTTGACCA | 181 |
Reverse | AGCTGTCAGGTTGATGCTCC | ||
IL-13Rα1 mRNA | Forward | CATGAAGAGGATGCTGTGAA | 172 |
Reverse | TAGGGATCACAACCACCACA | ||
IL-13Rα2 mRNA | Forward | ATATTTACTCTGTTCTTGGA | 132 |
Reverse | ATATTTTGTCCATCAGCCTT | ||
IL-13 (ChIP: STAT3/6) #1 | Forward | AAACGAGGGAAGAGCAGGAA | 143 |
Reverse | CCCTTTGCTCACCAGTCTCT | ||
IL-13 (ChIP: STAT3/6) #2 | Forward | TGGCACTAGGAACACTTACA | 136 |
Reverse | AGAGTGGCTGGAAGTAGTGT | ||
IL-13 (ChIP: STAT3/6) #3 | Forward | TTT ACT CTT CTA TTG CCT GT | 104 |
Reverse | TAT GGG AAT TTG GGG AGT TT | ||
IL-13Rα2 (ChIP: STAT3/6) #1 | Forward | TGGGTTAGTGGCATTGAAAG | 109 |
Reverse | AAAAAAAACCTCCAGGAAGT | ||
IL-13Rα2 (ChIP: STAT3/6) #2 | Forward | GAAAACACTGGCATACTAAG | 132 |
Reverse | TGCATTCAAAATAGGTCAGC |
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Pham, T.-H.; Bak, Y.; Oh, J.-W.; Hong, J.; Lee, S.; Hong, J.T.; Yoon, D.-Y. Inhibition of IL-13 and IL-13Rα2 Expression by IL-32θ in Human Monocytic Cells Requires PKCδ and STAT3 Association. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 1949. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20081949
Pham T-H, Bak Y, Oh J-W, Hong J, Lee S, Hong JT, Yoon D-Y. Inhibition of IL-13 and IL-13Rα2 Expression by IL-32θ in Human Monocytic Cells Requires PKCδ and STAT3 Association. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(8):1949. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20081949
Chicago/Turabian StylePham, Thu-Huyen, Yesol Bak, Jae-Wook Oh, Jingi Hong, Seungyeoun Lee, Jin Tae Hong, and Do-Young Yoon. 2019. "Inhibition of IL-13 and IL-13Rα2 Expression by IL-32θ in Human Monocytic Cells Requires PKCδ and STAT3 Association" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 8: 1949. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20081949