Toxins Utilize the Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Protein Degradation Pathway in Their Intoxication Process
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Toxin Recognition and Disassembly in the ER
2.1. Unfolding and Release of A Fragments from the Holotoxins
2.2. Toxin Interaction with ER Chaperones
2.2.1. Toxin Interaction with Classical ER Chaperones
2.2.2. Toxin Interaction with Carbohydrate-Dependent ER Chaperones
3. Toxin Transport Across the ER Membrane
3.1. Putative ER Retrotranslocons
3.2. Dependence of Toxin A Chain Transport to the Cytosol on the ER Translocon Complexes
4. Toxin Extraction from the ER Membrane, Refolding and Activation in the Cytosol
5. Concluding Remarks
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Nowakowska-Gołacka, J.; Sominka, H.; Sowa-Rogozińska, N.; Słomińska-Wojewódzka, M. Toxins Utilize the Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Protein Degradation Pathway in Their Intoxication Process. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 1307. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20061307
Nowakowska-Gołacka J, Sominka H, Sowa-Rogozińska N, Słomińska-Wojewódzka M. Toxins Utilize the Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Protein Degradation Pathway in Their Intoxication Process. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(6):1307. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20061307
Chicago/Turabian StyleNowakowska-Gołacka, Jowita, Hanna Sominka, Natalia Sowa-Rogozińska, and Monika Słomińska-Wojewódzka. 2019. "Toxins Utilize the Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Protein Degradation Pathway in Their Intoxication Process" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 6: 1307. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20061307