Andrographolide Protects PC12 Cells Against β-Amyloid-Induced Autophagy-Associated Cell Death Through Activation of the Nrf2-Mediated p62 Signaling Pathway
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Andro Protected PC12 Cells from Aβ1–42 Neurotoxicity
2.2. Andro Attenuated the Productions of LDH, MDA, and NO in Aβ1–42-Stimulated PC12 Cells
2.3. Andro Reduced the Levels of ROS, MMP, Cytc, and Bax in Aβ1–42-Stimulated PC12 Cells
2.4. Andro Lowered the Protein Levels of Phospho-Tau/Tau in Aβ1–42-Stimulated PC12 Cells
2.5. Andro Altered the mRNA and Protein Levels of Autophagy Markers in Aβ1–42-Stimulated PC12 Cells
2.6. P62 Induced by Andro Played an Important Role in Preventing Cell Toxicity in Aβ1–42-Stimulated PC12 Cells via Autophagy
2.7. Andro Enhanced the Nrf2 Activation and Weakened the p21 Expression in Aβ1–42-Stimulated PC12 Cells
2.8. Nrf2 Signaling Pathway Mediated by Andro Was Involved in p62 Expression and Autophagy Induction in Aβ1–42-Stimulated PC12 Cells
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Chemicals and Reagents
4.2. MTT Assay
4.3. Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Release Assay
4.4. Hoechst 33258 Staining
4.5. Measurement of Intracellular ROS Levels
4.6. MDA and NO Content Detection
4.7. Measurement of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (MMP)
4.8. Western Blotting
4.9. Reverse Transcription Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR)
4.10. Transient Gene Silencing by Small Interfering RNAs (siRNAs)
4.11. Statistical Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gu, L.; Yu, Q.; Li, Q.; Zhang, L.; Lu, H.; Zhang, X. Andrographolide Protects PC12 Cells Against β-Amyloid-Induced Autophagy-Associated Cell Death Through Activation of the Nrf2-Mediated p62 Signaling Pathway. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 2844. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19092844
Gu L, Yu Q, Li Q, Zhang L, Lu H, Zhang X. Andrographolide Protects PC12 Cells Against β-Amyloid-Induced Autophagy-Associated Cell Death Through Activation of the Nrf2-Mediated p62 Signaling Pathway. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(9):2844. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19092844
Chicago/Turabian StyleGu, Lili, Qingqing Yu, Qin Li, Lingxi Zhang, Hong Lu, and Xinyue Zhang. 2018. "Andrographolide Protects PC12 Cells Against β-Amyloid-Induced Autophagy-Associated Cell Death Through Activation of the Nrf2-Mediated p62 Signaling Pathway" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 9: 2844. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19092844