Successful Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles using a Corchorus olitorius Extract and Their Antiproliferative Effect in Cancer Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Characterization
3.2. Preparation of the Aqueous Extract
3.3. Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Mallow Leaf Extract
3.4. In-Silico Predictions
3.4.1. Bioactivity Prediction Using Molinspiration
3.4.2. Drug-Likeness Prediction Using Molsoft
3.4.3. ADMET Prediction Using PreADMET
3.5. Biological Tests
3.5.1. Cell Culture
3.5.2. Cytotoxic Activity Assessment Using a Viability Assay
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Compound Name | GPCR Ligand | Ion Channel Modulator | Kinase Inhibitor | Nuclear Receptor Ligand | Protease Inhibitor | Enzyme Inhibitor |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chlorogenic acid | 0.29 | 0.14 | 0 | 0.74 | 0.27 | 0.62 |
Quercetin-3-galactoside | 0.06 | −0.04 | 0.13 | 0.20 | −0.06 | 0.42 |
3,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid | 0.18 | 0.03 | −0.02 | 0.46 | 0.13 | 0.37 |
Quercetin-3-glucoside | 0.07 | −0.11 | 0.08 | 0.01 | −0.07 | 0.47 |
Quercetin-3-(6-malonylglucoside) | −0.62 | −1.50 | −1.03 | −0.98 | −0.40 | −0.66 |
Compound Name | BBB a | PPB b | HIA c | Caco-2 d | MDCK e | Drug-Likeness Scores |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chlorogenic acid | 0.034 | 41.96 | 20.43 | 18.72 | 4.51 | 1.29 |
Quercetin-3-galactoside | 0.032 | 59.16 | 11.78 | 9.44 | 2.49 | 0.89 |
3,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid | 0.035 | 86.06 | 23.12 | 19.32 | 0.04 | 1.05 |
Quercetin-3-glucoside | 0.032 | 58.16 | 11.78 | 4.49 | 2.21 | 0.91 |
Quercetin-3-(6-malonylglucoside) | 0.047 | 35.48 | 0.39 | 6.70 | 0.06 | 0.70 |
Compound Name | Ames Test Mutagenicity | Mouse Carcinogenicity | Rat Carcinogenicity |
---|---|---|---|
Chlorogenic acid | Mutagenic | Positive | Negative |
Quercetin-3-galactoside | Non-Mutagenic | Negative | Negative |
3,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid | Mutagenic | Positive | Positive |
Quercetin-3-glucoside | Non-Mutagenic | Negative | Negative |
Quercetin-3-(6-malonylglucoside) | Mutagenic | Positive | Negative |
Sample Conc. (μg/mL) | HCT-116 Viability % | HepG-2 Viability % | MCF-7 Viability % | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stand. | Sample | Stand. | Sample | Stand. | Sample | |
50 | 12.16 | 25.61 | 15.38 | 24.07 | 7.82 | 17.80 |
25 | 15.54 | 39.92 | 27.35 | 40.59 | 15.18 | 31.02 |
12.5 | 18.92 | 53.06 | 43.59 | 51.67 | 29.26 | 41.22 |
6.25 | 39.86 | 72.34 | 53.85 | 61.99 | 42.35 | 73.43 |
3.125 | 47.30 | 87.11 | 69.23 | 77.20 | 56.54 | 85.64 |
1.56 | 58.11 | 97.01 | 76.82 | 89.91 | 67.24 | 96.51 |
0 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Sample Conc. (μg/mL) | HCT-116 Viability % | HepG-2 Viability % | MCF-7 Viability % | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stand. | Sample | Stand. | Sample | Stand. | Sample | |
50 | 12.16 | 22.96 | 15.38 | 20.13 | 7.82 | 15.4 |
25 | 15.54 | 36.73 | 27.35 | 36.74 | 15.18 | 28.17 |
12.5 | 18.92 | 49.34 | 43.59 | 47.91 | 29.26 | 38.98 |
6.25 | 39.86 | 68.22 | 53.85 | 58.14 | 42.35 | 69.73 |
3.125 | 47.30 | 83.74 | 69.23 | 73.06 | 56.54 | 81.97 |
1.56 | 58.11 | 94.85 | 76.82 | 85.82 | 67.24 | 90.29 |
0 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
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Ismail, E.H.; Saqer, A.M.A.; Assirey, E.; Naqvi, A.; Okasha, R.M. Successful Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles using a Corchorus olitorius Extract and Their Antiproliferative Effect in Cancer Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 2612. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19092612
Ismail EH, Saqer AMA, Assirey E, Naqvi A, Okasha RM. Successful Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles using a Corchorus olitorius Extract and Their Antiproliferative Effect in Cancer Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(9):2612. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19092612
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsmail, Eman H., Aliyah M. A. Saqer, Eman Assirey, Arshi Naqvi, and Rawda M. Okasha. 2018. "Successful Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles using a Corchorus olitorius Extract and Their Antiproliferative Effect in Cancer Cells" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 9: 2612. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19092612