Thioredoxin Confers Intrinsic Resistance to Cytostatic Drugs in Human Glioma Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Trx-Inhibition Triggers Apoptosis in Human GBM Cell Lines
2.2. Pharmacological Trx Inhibition Sensitizes Human GBM Cells to Cytostatic Drugs
2.3. TXNIP Overexpression Chemosensitizes Human GBM Cell Lines
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Cell Culture, Transfection, and Preparation of Cell Lysates
4.2. Proteome Profiling
4.3. Western Blot Analysis
4.4. MTT Assay
4.5. Annexin V Apoptosis Assay
4.6. Data Analysis and Statistical Methods
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Disclaimer
Abbreviations
AKT | protein kinase B (PKB) |
ATP | adenosine triphosphate |
ASK1 | apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 |
GBM | glioblastoma multiforme |
GF | growth factor |
HIF-1 α | hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α |
JNK | c-Jun N-terminal kinase |
MAP kinase | mitogen-activated protein kinase |
PI3K | phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase |
PTEN | phosphatase and tensin homolog |
ROS | reactive oxygen species |
TMZ | temozolomide |
Trx | thioredoxin |
TrxR | thioredoxin reductase |
TXNIP | Trx-interacting protein |
VDUP1 | vitamin-D3-upregulated protein 1 |
VEGF | vascular endothelial growth factor |
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Haas, B.; Schütte, L.; Wos-Maganga, M.; Weickhardt, S.; Timmer, M.; Eckstein, N. Thioredoxin Confers Intrinsic Resistance to Cytostatic Drugs in Human Glioma Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 2874. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19102874
Haas B, Schütte L, Wos-Maganga M, Weickhardt S, Timmer M, Eckstein N. Thioredoxin Confers Intrinsic Resistance to Cytostatic Drugs in Human Glioma Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(10):2874. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19102874
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaas, Bodo, Lena Schütte, Maria Wos-Maganga, Sandra Weickhardt, Marco Timmer, and Niels Eckstein. 2018. "Thioredoxin Confers Intrinsic Resistance to Cytostatic Drugs in Human Glioma Cells" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 10: 2874. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19102874