Pine Defensive Monoterpene α-Pinene Influences the Feeding Behavior of Dendroctonus valens and Its Gut Bacterial Community Structure
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. The Influence of α-Pinene on the Boring Length of Dendroctonus valens
2.2. Alpha Diversity
2.3. Principal Component Analysis of the Gut Microbiota of D. valens
2.4. The Analysis of Community Composition at Genus Levels
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Insects
4.2. The Boring Lengths of D. valens at 0 and 9 mg/g Concentration of Host Defensive Compound α-Pinene
4.3. DNA Extraction, PCR, Pyrosequencing, and Sequence Processing
4.4. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Index | 0 mg/g α-Pinene 6 h | 9 mg/g α-Pinene 6 h | 0 mg/g α-Pinene 48 h | 9 mg/g α-Pinene 48 h |
---|---|---|---|---|
Number of OTUs | 273.8 ± 28.62 | 306.6 ± 30.14 | 277.0 ± 26.36 | 268.1 ± 17.76 |
ACE diversity | 455.4 ± 57.56 | 527.5 ± 54.89 | 441.2 ± 62.43 | 402.4 ± 33.63 |
Chao diversity | 443.0 ± 49.51 | 532.7 ± 52.08 | 449.8 ± 64.44 | 403.1 ± 35.85 |
Shannon diversity (H) | 1.62 ± 0.09 b | 1.86 ± 0.02 b | 1.61 ± 0.14 b | 1.52 ± 0.05 a |
Simpson diversity | 0.49 ± 0.02 a,b | 0.60 ± 0.00 b | 0.48 ± 0.02 a,b | 0.46 ± 0.02 a |
Phylum | Phylogenetic Group (Genus) | 0 mg/g α-Pinene 6 h % | 9 mg/g α-Pinene 6 h % | 0 mg/g α-Pinene 48 h % | 9 mg/g α-Pinene 48 h % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Actinobacteria | Rhodococcus | 20.42 ± 0.86 | 17.15 ± 1.99 | 20.48 ± 2.40 | 21.58 ± 0.99 |
Salinibacterium | 0.93 ± 0.20 | 1.00 ± 0.17 | 1.17 ± 0.29 | 1.19 ± 0.20 | |
Proteobacteria | Burkholderia | 1.05 ± 0.16 a,b | 0.69 ± 0.12 a | 1.22 ± 0.09 a,b | 1.33 ± 0.19 b |
Erwinia | 5.80 ± 1.96 b | 24.41 ± 5.74 a | 4.05 ± 2.30 b | 2.37 ± 1.17 b | |
Pseudomonas | 0.26 ± 0.06 | 0.10 ± 0.03 | 0.29 ± 0.09 | 0.36 ± 0.12 | |
Sphingomonas | 70.35 ± 1.62 b | 55.85 ± 4.26 a | 71.69 ± 1.30 b | 72.24 ± 1.56 b | |
Sum | 98.81 ± 0.00 | 99.20 ± 0.00 | 98.91 ± 0.00 | 99.06 ± 0.00 |
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Xu, L.; Shi, Z.; Wang, B.; Lu, M.; Sun, J. Pine Defensive Monoterpene α-Pinene Influences the Feeding Behavior of Dendroctonus valens and Its Gut Bacterial Community Structure. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016, 17, 1734. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17111734
Xu L, Shi Z, Wang B, Lu M, Sun J. Pine Defensive Monoterpene α-Pinene Influences the Feeding Behavior of Dendroctonus valens and Its Gut Bacterial Community Structure. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2016; 17(11):1734. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17111734
Chicago/Turabian StyleXu, Letian, Zhanghong Shi, Bo Wang, Min Lu, and Jianghua Sun. 2016. "Pine Defensive Monoterpene α-Pinene Influences the Feeding Behavior of Dendroctonus valens and Its Gut Bacterial Community Structure" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 17, no. 11: 1734. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17111734