Interaction of High Flash Point Electrolytes and PE-Based Separators for Li-Ion Batteries
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Electrolyte Mixtures
Sample | Solvent | Ratio (wt:wt) | Conducting Salt (CS) | c (CS) [a] mol∙kg−1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
M-1 | EC/DMC | 50:50 | LiPF6 | 0.787 |
M-2 | EC/DMSN [b] | 79.8:20 | LiPF6 | 0.75 |
M-3 | EC/DMSN [b] | 79.8:20 | LiTFSA | 0.75 |
M-4 | MPPyrr-TFSA | 100 | LiTFSA | 0.75 |
M-5 | GN | 100 | LiTFSA | 0.75 |
M-6 | SL | 100 | LiTFSA | 0.75 |
2.2. Physicochemical Properties
Sample | Tc/°C (DSC, onset) [a] | Tm/°C (DSC, peak max.) [a] | D (25 °C) g∙cm−3 ±0.0005 | η (20 °C) mPa∙s | κ [b] (20 °C) mS∙cm−1 (n = 3) | γL[b] (25 ± 2 °C) mN∙m−1 (n = 25) | Eox (5 mV∙s−1) V vs. Li/Li+ (±0.1 V) | fp [c] (°C) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M-1 | −39.4 | −20.5 | 1.3030 | 4.4 ± 0.1 | 10.3 ± 0.5 | 29.4 ± 0.2 | 5.6 | 24 |
M-2 | −20.1 | 14.6 | 1.3996 | 12.1 ± 0.2 | 6.1 ± 0.3 | 38.1 ± 0.3 | 5.6 | 142 |
M-3 | −39.4 | 12.4 | 1.4260 | 13.4 ± 0.2 | 5.3 ± 0.2 | 34.3 ± 0.1 | 5.4 | 142 |
M-4 | −12.1 | 27.1 | 1.5210 | 399.8 ± 0.8 | 0.53 ± 0.05 | 23.3 ± 0.2 | 5.5 | 353 [d] |
M-5 | −42.3 [e] | −30.4 | 1.1082 | 19.0 ± 0.2 | 2.4 ± 0.1 | 32.9 ± 0.1 | 5.6 | 112 [f] |
M-6 | −59.3 | −8.0 | 1.3760 | 37.8 ± 0.2 | 2.1 ± 0.1 | 33.1 ± 0.4 | 5.0 | 151 |
2.3. Separators and SEM Imaging
Separator | Thickness [a] µm | Permeability [a,b] s/100 mL | Porosity [a,c] % | Heat Shrinkage [c] % at 105 °C, 1 h | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
COD-20 | 19.1 | 237.6 | 42.3 | 2.4 | 42.4 |
COATED | 20.6 | 241.0 | n/a [d] | 1.5 | 23.7 |
2.4. Contact Angle Measurements and Drop Shape Analysis of the Separators
2.5. Cell Cycling (NMC|Li Coin Cells) and Separator Penetration
Sample | COD-20 | COATED | COATED, Silanized [b] |
---|---|---|---|
M-1 | ++ | ++ | ++ |
M-2 | − | − | − |
M-3 | − | − | − |
M-4 | ++ | ++ | ++ |
M-5 | − | − | − |
M-6 | − | o | + |
3. Experimental Section
Solvent [a] | mp[b]/°C (Solvent) | bp[b]/°C (Solvent) | Supplier | Purity | Purification for This Study |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
EC | 35–37 | 244–245 | Sigma-Aldrich | 99% anhydrous | drying [c] |
DMSN | 108–10 | 238 | Alfa Aesar | 99% | sublimation [d] |
MPPyrr-TFSA | 12 | NN | Iolitec | 99% | drying [c] |
GN | −29 | 286–288 | Aldrich | 99% | drying [c] |
SL | 25–28 | 285 | Aldrich | 99% | drying [c] |
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Hofmann, A.; Kaufmann, C.; Müller, M.; Hanemann, T. Interaction of High Flash Point Electrolytes and PE-Based Separators for Li-Ion Batteries. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2015, 16, 20258-20276. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms160920258
Hofmann A, Kaufmann C, Müller M, Hanemann T. Interaction of High Flash Point Electrolytes and PE-Based Separators for Li-Ion Batteries. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2015; 16(9):20258-20276. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms160920258
Chicago/Turabian StyleHofmann, Andreas, Christoph Kaufmann, Marcus Müller, and Thomas Hanemann. 2015. "Interaction of High Flash Point Electrolytes and PE-Based Separators for Li-Ion Batteries" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 16, no. 9: 20258-20276. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms160920258