Economically Viable Components from Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) in a Biorefinery Concept
Abstract
:1. Introduction—Characteristics of the Jerusalem Artichoke for Potential Biorefinery or Multipurpose Use
2. Carbohydrates—Types, Content and Potential Uses
3. Proteins—Types, Content and Potential Uses
Clone | First Harvest (9 September 2011) | Second Harvest (14 October 2011) | Third Harvest (7 December 2011) | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Leaves | Tubers | Leaves | Tubers | Leaves | Tubers | |||||||||||||
1 | 18.6 | ± | 0.13 | 6.19 | ± | 0,09 | 16.6 | ± | 0.04 | 8.56 | 8.75 | 9.28 | ± | 1.90 | ||||
2 | 22.4 | ± | 0.04 | 6.75 | ± | 0.09 | 16.2 | ± | 1.77 | 6.75 | ± | 0.00 | 8.06 | ± | 2.12 | 8.00 | ± | 1.32 |
3 | 23.7 | ± | 0.27 | 8.31 | ± | 0.09 | 21.3 | ± | 0.40 | 5.91 | ± | 0.04 | 11.3 | ± | 5.70 | 6.47 | ± | 0.75 |
4 | 16.6 | ± | 0.09 | 8.50 | ± | 0.00 | 20.8 | ± | 0.84 | 8.69 | ± | 0.18 | 7.19 | ± | 2.65 | 7.19 | ± | 2.48 |
5 | 16.3 | ± | 0.13 | 8.44 | ± | 0.00 | 8.75 | ± | 0.18 | 6.75 | ± | 0.27 | n.d. | 6.69 | ± | 0.80 | ||
6 | 16.2 | ± | 0.18 | 7.88 | ± | 0.27 | 9.84 | ± | 0.57 | 5.25 | ± | 0.00 | 7.94 | ± | 2.83 | 7.12 | ± | 3.01 |
7 | 19.2 | ± | 0.31 | 9.38 | ± | 0.53 | 17.0 | ± | 0.35 | 5.91 | ± | 0.04 | 7.50 | ± | 2.03 | 5.34 | ± | 0.22 |
8 | 24.5 | ± | 0.40 | n.d. | 21.3 | ± | 1.15 | 7.03 | ± | 0.13 | 7.12 | ± | 2.21 | 6.78 | ± | 1.02 | ||
9 | 18.3 | ± | 0.04 | n.d. | 10.5 | ± | 0.22 | 6.62 | ± | 0.09 | 10.3 | ± | 4.42 | 7.18 | ± | 0.62 | ||
10 | 16.9 | ± | 0.09 | 7.44 | ± | 0.09 | 16.4 | ± | 0.44 | 6.94 | 9.25 | ± | 4.33 | 6.06 | ± | 0.09 | ||
11 | 18.3 | ± | 0.00 | 7.31 | ± | 0.00 | 16.6 | ± | 1.50 | 8.06 | ± | 0.09 | 7.94 | ± | 5.04 | 6.47 | ± | 0.84 |
4. Bioactive Compounds—Type, Content and Potential Uses
Clone | First Harvest (9 September 2011) | Second Harvest (14 October 2011) | Third Harvest (7 December 2011) | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Leaves | Tubers | Leaves | Tubers | Leaves | Tubers | |||||||||||||
1 | 44.0 | ± | 0.96 | 10.8 | ± | 0.65 | 28.3 | 5.30 | ± | 0.11 | 0.60 | ± | 0.03 | 1.63 | ± | 0.20 | ||
2 | 39.0 | ± | 0.99 | 8.16 | ± | 0.37 | 15.9 | ± | 1.38 | 8.14 | ± | 0.43 | 0.95 | ± | 0.05 | 3.57 | ± | 0.24 |
3 | 41.6 | ± | 2.12 | 11.8 | ± | 0.80 | n.d. | 5.85 | ± | 0.18 | 1.04 | ± | 0.03 | 1.25 | ± | 0.05 | ||
4 | 37.6 | ± | 4.27 | 11.6 | ± | 1.30 | 17.4 | ± | 0.12 | 8.94 | ± | 0.18 | 1.99 | ± | 0.06 | n.d. | ||
5 | 37.8 | ± | 2.61 | 7.79 | ± | 1.70 | 12.7 | ± | 0.96 | 6.14 | ± | 3.68 | 0.43 | ± | 0.05 | n.d. | ||
6 | 36.8 | ± | 4.79 | 11.5 | ± | 0.61 | 38.6 | ± | 0.98 | 10.0 | ± | 0.48 | 0.51 | ± | 0.16 | 3.34 | ||
7 | 42.9 | ± | 2.44 | 10.6 | ± | 1.20 | 37.5 | ± | 0.94 | 9.91 | ± | 0.60 | 1.13 | ± | 0.02 | 2.92 | ||
8 | 47.2 | ± | 1.36 | 10.8 | ± | 0.51 | 14.9 | ± | 0.91 | 9.12 | ± | 0.10 | 1.17 | ± | 0.04 | 2.91 | ||
9 | 43.4 | ± | 2.60 | 9.99 | ± | 0.70 | 22.5 | ± | 1.62 | 5.31 | ± | 0.11 | n.d. | 3.19 | ||||
10 | 39.2 | ± | 1.76 | 6.55 | ± | 0.24 | 19.3 | ± | 0.52 | 5.35 | ± | 0.31 | 0.58 | ± | 0.04 | 2.23 | ||
11 | 42.6 | ± | 3.06 | 11.9 | ± | 0.67 | 22.8 | ± | 0.69 | 9.51 | ± | 0.01 | 2.36 | ± | 0.04 | 2.02 |
5. Economic Aspects of Jerusalem Artichoke Cultivation as a Biorefinery Crop
6. Issues Related to the Multipurpose Use of Crops
7. Preliminary Economic Analyses of the Use of Jerusalem Artichoke as a Biorefinery Crop
Parameter | Unit | Low | High | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Protein extraction efficiency | [%] | 37 | 80 | [85,86] |
Rubisco fraction of protein | [%] | 4 | 28 | [46] |
Rubisco purification efficiency | [%] | 80 | 90 | own assumption |
Sugar hydrolisation efficiency | [%] | 89 | 95 | [30,87] |
Succinic acid yield | [%] | 67 | 74 | [30] |
Parameter | Methane Potential |
---|---|
[Nm3/MgVS] | |
Residual sugar in tubers a | 378 |
Proteins [89] | 516 |
Lipids [90] | 1026 |
Hemicellulose [91] | 430 |
Cellulose | 420 |
Extractives | 400 |
Uronic acid | 292 |
Product | Unit | Processing Costs | Income | References | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low | High | Low | High | |||
Methane a | [€/MWh] | 41 | 49 | 84 | 87 | [93,94] |
Protein extraction | [€/Mg] | 200 | 200 | 5500 | 11,000 | Income data based on market price analyses |
Rubisco extraction | [€/Mg] | 200 | 200 | 16,500 | 33,000 | Income data tripled from mixed protein extract |
Succinic acid | [€/Mg] | 365 | 707 | 912 | 4561 | [95,96] |
8. Conclusions—Can Jerusalem Artichoke Be Seen as a Potential Biorefinery Crop?
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Definitions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Johansson, E.; Prade, T.; Angelidaki, I.; Svensson, S.-E.; Newson, W.R.; Gunnarsson, I.B.; Hovmalm, H.P. Economically Viable Components from Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) in a Biorefinery Concept. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2015, 16, 8997-9016. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms16048997
Johansson E, Prade T, Angelidaki I, Svensson S-E, Newson WR, Gunnarsson IB, Hovmalm HP. Economically Viable Components from Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) in a Biorefinery Concept. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2015; 16(4):8997-9016. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms16048997
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohansson, Eva, Thomas Prade, Irini Angelidaki, Sven-Erik Svensson, William R. Newson, Ingólfur Bragi Gunnarsson, and Helena Persson Hovmalm. 2015. "Economically Viable Components from Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) in a Biorefinery Concept" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 16, no. 4: 8997-9016. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms16048997