The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Microvascular Remodeling
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Remodeling Process
3. Sources of Reactive Oxygen Species in the Microcirculation
3.1. NADPH Oxidases
3.2. Nitric Oxide Synthase
3.3. Xanthine Oxidase
3.4. Mitochondrial Electron Transport System
4. The Role of ROS in Vascular Remodeling
4.1. ROS in Remodeling of the Microcirculation
Vascular Bed | Experimental System | Stimulus | ROS Species | Type of Remodeling | ROS Inhibitor | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mouse mesenteric arteriole | PPARγ KO mice | angiotensin II | superoxide, reduced SOD3 expression | Eutrophic remodeling, Hypertrophic remodeling | - | [75] |
Human subcutaneous arteriole | Human | Cushing syndrome | superoxide | Hypertrophic remodeling | - | [24] |
Mouse mesenteric arteriole | (NZO) mice | - | superoxide, peroxynitrite | Hypertrophic remodeling | Tempol | [90] |
Rat mesenteric arteriole | Wistar rats (female) ovareiectomized | high flow | superoxide | Hypertrophic remodeling | - | [39] |
Rat mesenteric arteriole | Zucker rats | high flow, hyperglycemia | superoxide | Hypertrophic remodeling | Tempol | [132] |
Mouse mesenteric arteriole | BALB/c male mice | angiotensin II | superoxide | Hypertrophic remodeling | Apocynin | [77] |
Rat mesenteric arteriole | Wistar rats | angiotensin II | superoxide | Inward eutrophic remodeling | Atorvastatin ** | [79] |
Mouse basilary artery | PPAR-gamma KO mice | - | superoxide | Inward hypertrophic remodeling | Tempol | [32] |
Rat cremasteric arteriole | Sprague-Dawley rat | norepinephrine, angiotensin II | superoxide, hydrogen peroxide | Inward remodeling | Tempol, Apocynin | [62] |
Rat middle cerebral artery | SPSHR rats | serotonin | superoxide | Inward remodeling | Tempol | [130] |
Rat mesenteric arteriole | Wistar rats | low flow | superoxide | Inward remodeling | Tempol, Apocynin | [133] |
Rat mesenteric arteriole | Sprague-Dawley rat | angiotensin II | superoxide | Inward remodeling | - | [71] |
Mouse aferent arteriole | SOD1 tg, SOD1 KO mice | angiotensin II | superoxide | Inward remodeling | Tempol | [76] |
Rat middle cerebral artery, basilary artery | SHR | - | superoxide | Inward remodeling, Hypertrophic remodeling | Telmisartan # (ARB) | [128] |
Rat mesenteric arteriole | Wistar rats | low flow, high flow | superoxide | Inward remodeling, Outward remodeling | Tempol | [134] |
Rat/Mouse mesenteric arteriole | Wistar rats, eNOS KO mice | low flow, high flow | superoxide, hydrogen peroxide | Inward remodeling, Outward remodeling | Apocynin, Catalase | [135] |
Rat mesenteric arteriole | Wistar rats | high flow | superoxide | Outward hypertrophic remodeling | Tempol, Perindopril *, Candesartan # | [136] |
Rat mesenteric arteriole | Zucker rats | high flow | superoxide | Outward hypertrophic remodeling | Tempol, Catalase, SOD | [137] |
Rat mesenteric arteriole | Wistar rats | high flow | superoxide | Outward remodeling | Tempol, Apocynin | [138] |
4.2. Reactive Oxygen Species and the Phenotype of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
4.3. ROS-Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Migration
4.4. Reactive Oxygen Species and the Actin Cytoskeleton
4.5. ROS-Induced Cellular Growth and Apoptosis
4.6. ROS-Induced ECM Reorganization
4.7. Reactive Oxygen Species Contribution to Rarefaction
5. ROS and the Myogenic Response
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Staiculescu, M.C.; Foote, C.; Meininger, G.A.; Martinez-Lemus, L.A. The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Microvascular Remodeling. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2014, 15, 23792-23835. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms151223792
Staiculescu MC, Foote C, Meininger GA, Martinez-Lemus LA. The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Microvascular Remodeling. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2014; 15(12):23792-23835. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms151223792
Chicago/Turabian StyleStaiculescu, Marius C., Christopher Foote, Gerald A. Meininger, and Luis A. Martinez-Lemus. 2014. "The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Microvascular Remodeling" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 15, no. 12: 23792-23835. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms151223792