Vaccinium spp. (Blueberry) | Blueberry powder fed to HFD-induced obese mice | ↓Blood glucose level | ● | - | - | - | - | - | - | [26] |
Oral administration of blueberry with Labrasol | ↓Blood glucose level | ● | - | - | - | - | - | - | [40] |
Fermented blueberry fed to KKAy mice | ↓Blood glucose level | ● | - | - | - | - | - | - | [41] |
Blueberry fed to Zucker rats | ↑PPAR-α and PPAR-γ activity | ● | - | - | - | - | - | - | [42] |
Oral administration of blueberry extract to rats | ↓Food intake and body weight gain | - | - | - | ● | - | - | - | [43] |
Oral administration of water containing with blueberry extract to HFD fed mice | ↓Total body fat and body fat | - | - | - | ● | - | - | - | [44] |
Vaccinium angustifolium (Wild blueberry) | Wild blueberry-enriched diet for obese rats | ↓Triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, SREBP-1 and fatty acid synthase ↑PPAR-α and PPAR-γ | - | - | - | - | - | ● | - | [45] |
Vitis vinifera (Grape vine) | Resveratrol treated to C2C12 mytotube cell line. | ↑Glucose uptake and AMPK | - | - | ● | - | - | - | - | [46] |
Polyphenolic extract treated to HepG2 cell line | ↓Glycogen phosphorylase | - | - | ● | - | - | - | - | [47] |
Resveratrol treated to L6 rat skeletal muscle cell line | ↑Glucose uptake and AMPK | - | - | ● | - | - | - | - | [48] |
Cinnamomum (Cinnamon) | Cinnamon treated to rat adipocytes | ↑PI3K | ● | - | - | - | - | - | - | [49] |
Water and polyphenol extracts treated to 3T3-L1 adipocytes | ↑Insulin receptor and GLUT4 protein expression | ● | - | - | - | - | - | - | [50] |
Administration of cinnamon extract to 3T3-L1 adipocytes | ↑The expression of LPL, CD36, GLUT4, and acyl-CoA oxidase | - | - | - | - | - | ● | - | [51] |
Administration of cinnamon powder with water to C57BL/6J db/db mice | ↓Fasting glucose level, free fatty acid, LDL cholesterol, and AST levels | - | - | - | - | - | ● | - | [51] |
Trigonella foenum graecum (Fenugreek) | Oral administration of fenugreek seed to diabetic patients | ↓Blood glucose level ↑Plasma insulin level | ● | - | - | - | - | - | - | [52] |
Oral administration of fenugreek to NIDD patients | ↓Fasting blood glucose level | ● | - | - | - | - | - | - | [53] |
Ervatamia microphylla (Kerr) | Oral administration of conophylline to STZ-induced diabetic rats | ↓Blood glucose level ↑β-cell proliferation | - | ● | - | - | - | - | - | [54] |
Conophylline treatment to pancreatic stellate cells | ↓Activation of pancreatic stellate cells | - | ● | - | - | - | - | - | [55] |
Conophylline administration to Goto-Kakazaki rats | ↓Blood glucose level ↑Plasma insulin level | - | ● | - | - | - | - | - | [55] |
Anoectochilus roxburghii (Jewel orchid) | Oral administration of kinsenoside to STZ-induced rats | ↓Blood glucose level ↑Plasma insulin level | - | ● | - | - | - | - | - | [56] |
Carica papaya (Papaya) | Papaya extract administered to STZ-induced mice | ↓Blood glucose level ↑Insulin synthesis and β-cell regeneration | - | ● | - | - | - | - | - | [57] |
Momordica charantia (Bitter melon) | Intraperitoneal injection of bitter melon aqueous to STZ-induced mice | ↓Blood glucose level | - | - | ● | - | - | - | - | [58] |
Oral administration of bitter melon juice to maturity onset diabetes patients | ↓Blood glucose level | - | - | ● | - | - | - | - | [59] |
Oral administration of bitter melon powder to HFD fed mice | ↓Body weight gain, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia | - | - | - | - | - | ● | - | [60] |
Oral administration of bitter melon powder to HFD-induced obese rats | ↓The number of large adipocytes, adipose tissue mass, TAG content, FAS, ACC-1, LPL and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (aP2) | - | - | - | - | - | ● | - | [61] |
Capsicum (Chili pepper) | Capsaicin administered to ZFD rats | ↓Blood glucose level and Plasma insulin level | - | - | ● | - | - | - | - | [62] |
Oral administration of chili pepper powder to HFD-induced diabetic rats | ↑Plasma insulin level | - | - | ● | - | - | - | - | [63] |
Administration of capsaicin to 3T3-L1 adipocytes | ↑Hormone sensitive lipase, CPT-1a and UCP2 | - | - | - | - | ● | - | - | [64] |
Oral administration of capsinoids to men and give a cold exposure to them | ↑BAT activity | - | - | - | - | ● | - | - | [65] |
Calorie restricted diet with capsaicin or without capsaicin fed to human | ↑Resting energy expenditure and diet-induced thermogenesis (capsaicin containing group) | - | - | - | - | ● | - | - | [66] |
Glycyrrhiza (Liquorice) | Synthetic amorfrutins administered to HFD-induced obese mice | ↓Blood glucose level, Plasma insulin level and body weight | ● | - | - | - | - | - | - | [67] |
Oral administration of ethanol extract to KKAy mice | ↓Blood glucose, weight and intra-abdominal adipose tissue | ● | - | - | - | - | - | - | [68] |
Oral administration of licorice flavonoid oil to HFD-induced obese mice | ↓Genes related to acetyl-CoA synthesis and lipid biosynthesis, weight of abdominal white adipose tissues, and body weight gain ↑Genes related to β-oxidation and acetyl-CoA degradation. | - | - | - | - | - | ● | - | [69] |
Dioscoreaceae (Dioscorea) | Dioscorea polysaccharide treated to TNF-α-induced insulin resistant mouse liver cell line | ↑Glucose uptake and activate insulin signaling | ● | - | - | - | - | - | - | [70] |
Oral administration of dioscorea extract to fructose-induced insulin resistant Wistar rats | ↓Blood glucose level and Plasma insulin level | ● | - | - | - | - | - | - | [71] |
Nymphaea stellata (Egyptian lotus) | Oral administration of lotus extract to STZ-induced diabetic rats | ↓Blood glucose ↑Plasma insulin level and number of β-cell mass | - | ● | - | - | - | - | - | [72] |
Nelumbo nucifera (Indian lotus) | Oral administration of lotus leaves extract to HFD-induced obesity mice and rats | ↓Pancreatic lipase, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol ↑HDL cholesterol | - | - | - | - | - | ● | - | [73] |
| Oral administration of lotus seeds extract to HFD-induced obesity mice | ↓α-amylase, α-lipase, body weight gain and triglycerol ↑Expression of UCP3 mRNA in C2C12 myotubes | - | - | - | - | ● | - | - | [74] |
Silybum marianum (Milk thistle) | Oral administration of silymarin to alloxan-induced diabetic rats | ↓Blood glucose, ↑Pancreatic SOD, GSHPx and CAT | - | ● | - | - | - | - | - | [75] |
Oral administration of silymarin seed extract to T2DM patients | ↓Fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin level. | - | ● | - | - | - | - | - | [76] |
Oral administration of silymarin as adjuncts to glibenclamide | ↓Postprandial and fasting blood glucose level, and glycosylated hemoglobin | - | ● | - | - | - | - | - | [77] |
Panax quinquefolium (American ginseng) | Intraperitoneal injection of Rb1 to HFD-induced obese rats | ↓Body weight, total food intake, fat contents, serum leptin, serum nitric oxide, and NPY ↑CCK | - | - | - | ● | - | - | - | [31] |
Panax ginseng (Asian ginseng) | Intraperitoneal injection of Ginseng berry extract to ob/ob mice | ↓Food intake and body weight ↑Body temperature and energy expenditure | - | - | - | ● | ● | - | - | [33] |
Intraperitoneal injection of Rb1 to HFD-induced obese rats | ↓Food intake, body weight and body fat ↑Energy expenditure | - | - | - | - | ● | - | - | [78] |
Intraperitoneal administration of Rb1 to HFD-induced obese rats | ↓Liver weight, hepatic triglyceride content, and ACC ↑CPT-1 and AMPK | - | - | - | - | - | ● | - | [79] |
Camellia sinensis (Green tea) | Oral administration of EGCG to HFD fed mice | ↓Body weight gain, body fat percentage, and visceral fat weight | - | - | - | - | - | ● | - | [80] |
| Oral administration of EGCG to HFD fed rats | ↓Total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol | - | - | - | - | - | ● | - | [81] |
EGCG mixed with caffeine, orally administration to human | ↓Body weight and body weight gain | - | - | - | - | ● | ● | - | [82] |
Camellia sinensis (Black, green, and mulberry tea) | Oral administration of the extract of black, green, and mulberry tea to human | ↑Breath-hydrogen concentration | - | - | - | - | - | - | ● | [83] |
Glycine max Merr (Soybeans) | Oral administration of soybean isoflavone chow to obese rats | ↓Plasma glucose, AST, and ALT | - | - | - | - | - | - | ● | [84] |
Hoodia gordonii (Hoodia) | Intracerebroventricular injection of the purified P57AS3 to rats | ↓Food intake ↑ATP content in hypothalamic neurons | - | - | - | ● | ● | - | - | [35] |
Oral administration of glycosides 1 and 2 to rats | ↓Food intake and body mass | - | - | - | ● | - | - | - | [36] |
Oral administration of organic solvent extract to rats | ↓NPY ↑CPT-1, T3, and T4 | - | - | - | ● | ● | - | ● | [37] |