Batch and Continuous Ultrasound Assisted Extraction of Boldo Leaves (Peumus boldus Mol.)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Preliminary Study
2.2. Experimental Design Studies
2.2.1. Results for Soluble Material Extraction
2.2.2. Optimization for Yield of Extraction
2.3. Comparison Study between Ultrasound Assisted Extraction and Conventional Maceration
2.4. Ultrasounds Effects on Extracted Molecules
2.5. From Batch to Continuous System of Extraction
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Plant Material and Chemicals
3.2. Extraction Procedures
3.3. Yield of Extraction Determination
3.4. Isolated Compound Study
3.5. Boldine Analysis
3.5.1. Hydrolysis
3.5.2. HPTLC analysis
3.6. Experimental Design
3.7. Scanning Electron Microscopy
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflict of Interest
References
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Run | Sonication time (min) | Temperature (°C) | UI * (W/cm2) | Yield (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 25.0 | 40.0 | 16.5 | 20.6 |
2 | 25.0 | 40.0 | 16.5 | 20.6 |
3 | 25.0 | 40.0 | 16.5 | 21.2 |
4 | 25.0 | 40.0 | 16.5 | 20.4 |
5 | 25.0 | 40.0 | 16.5 | 20.7 |
6 | 25.0 | 40.0 | 16.5 | 20.3 |
7 | 16.0 | 22.0 | 12.6 | 16.5 |
8 | 16.0 | 58.0 | 12.6 | 21.7 |
9 | 34.0 | 22.0 | 12.6 | 20.7 |
10 | 34.0 | 58.0 | 12.6 | 23.0 |
11 | 16.0 | 22.0 | 20.4 | 19.5 |
12 | 16.0 | 58.0 | 20.4 | 22.0 |
13 | 34.0 | 22.0 | 20.4 | 21.9 |
14 | 34.0 | 58.0 | 20.4 | 23.8 |
15 | 25.0 | 9.7 | 16.5 | 16.5 |
16 | 25.0 | 70.3 | 16.5 | 21.4 |
17 | 9.9 | 40.0 | 16.5 | 17.3 |
18 | 40.1 | 40.0 | 16.5 | 21.4 |
19 | 25.0 | 40.0 | 9.9 | 20.0 |
20 | 25.0 | 40.0 | 23.1 | 22.8 |
Source | Sum of squares | Df | Mean square | F-Ratio | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A:Time | 20.166 | 1 | 20.166 | 31.25 | 0.0002 |
B:Temperature | 29.7028 | 1 | 29.7028 | 46.03 | 0 |
C:UI * | 7.34062 | 1 | 7.34062 | 11.37 | 0.0071 |
AA | 0.597778 | 1 | 0.597778 | 0.93 | 0.3585 |
AB | 1.53125 | 1 | 1.53125 | 2.37 | 0.1545 |
AC | 0.21125 | 1 | 0.21125 | 0.33 | 0.5799 |
BB | 1.72989 | 1 | 1.72989 | 2.68 | 0.1326 |
BC | 1.20125 | 1 | 1.20125 | 1.86 | 0.2024 |
CC | 3.82983 | 1 | 3.82983 | 5.93 | 0.0351 |
Total error | 6.45333 | 10 | 0.645333 | ||
Total (corr.) | 73.4655 | 19 |
Method of extraction | Time of extraction (min) | Yield of extraction (% of leaves boldo solubilized in the extract) | Boldine (μg of boldine/g of boldo leaves) |
---|---|---|---|
UAE | 30 | 21.8 | 100 |
Conventional | 30 | 18.0 | 51.7 |
UAE | 120 | 26.7 | 148 |
Conventional | 120 | 21.5 | 99.5 |
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Petigny, L.; Périno-Issartier, S.; Wajsman, J.; Chemat, F. Batch and Continuous Ultrasound Assisted Extraction of Boldo Leaves (Peumus boldus Mol.). Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2013, 14, 5750-5764. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms14035750
Petigny L, Périno-Issartier S, Wajsman J, Chemat F. Batch and Continuous Ultrasound Assisted Extraction of Boldo Leaves (Peumus boldus Mol.). International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2013; 14(3):5750-5764. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms14035750
Chicago/Turabian StylePetigny, Loïc, Sandrine Périno-Issartier, Joël Wajsman, and Farid Chemat. 2013. "Batch and Continuous Ultrasound Assisted Extraction of Boldo Leaves (Peumus boldus Mol.)" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 14, no. 3: 5750-5764. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms14035750
APA StylePetigny, L., Périno-Issartier, S., Wajsman, J., & Chemat, F. (2013). Batch and Continuous Ultrasound Assisted Extraction of Boldo Leaves (Peumus boldus Mol.). International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 14(3), 5750-5764. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms14035750