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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Low-Temperature Dyeing of Chemically Modified PET/Spandex Blends: A Sustainable Approach for Enhanced Dyeability and Color Fastness †

by
Md Morshedur Rahman
1,
Nazrul Hsan
2,
Ingi Hong
1,
Shekh Md Mamun Kabir
3,
Seunga Choi
1,
Youngdae Kim
1,
Soohyun Kim
1 and
Joonseok Koh
1,2,*
1
Advanced Materials Program, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
2
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
3
Department of Textile Materials Engineering, Bangladesh University of Textiles, Dhaka 1208, Bangladesh
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
This article is an extended version of our earlier conference paper published in the IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 254, 082020, 2017; AUTEX 2017; doi:10.1088/1757-899X/254/8/082020).
Molecules 2025, 30(17), 3578; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30173578
Submission received: 21 July 2025 / Revised: 30 August 2025 / Accepted: 30 August 2025 / Published: 1 September 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Textile Coloration and Finishing for Sustainable and Smart Textiles)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Blends of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with spandex are widely used in sportswear and outdoor apparel. However, dyeing PET/spandex fabrics remains challenging due to the high energy required at elevated dyeing temperatures and persistent problems with poor color fastness caused by dye staining on the spandex component. In this study, we investigated the dyeing behavior of a chemically modified poly(ethylene terephthalate-co-polyethylene glycol) (PCP) blended with spandex and compared it with conventional PET/spandex blends. The PCP/spandex fabrics exhibited significantly improved dyeability, showing higher dyebath exhaustion and greater color strength than PET/spandex blends, particularly at sub-conventional dyeing temperatures. The optimal dyeing condition for PCP/spandex blends was identified as 110 °C for 60 min, which provided a balance between enhanced dye uptake and minimized spandex staining. Moreover, PCP/spandex fabrics demonstrated improved color fastness at lower dyeing temperatures (110–120 °C), primarily due to the reduced staining tendency of the spandex component when blended with PCP fibers. This reduction in spandex staining minimized dye migration during washing. Overall, these findings suggest that PCP/spandex blends offer a promising, energy-efficient alternative to conventional PET/spandex fabrics. They enable effective dyeing at lower temperatures while achieving improved color fastness, thereby addressing key challenges in the dyeing of elastic fiber blends.
Keywords: polyester/spandex blends; poly(ethylene terephthalate-co-polyethylene glycol); disperse dyeing; low-temperature dyeing; color fastness polyester/spandex blends; poly(ethylene terephthalate-co-polyethylene glycol); disperse dyeing; low-temperature dyeing; color fastness

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Rahman, M.M.; Hsan, N.; Hong, I.; Kabir, S.M.M.; Choi, S.; Kim, Y.; Kim, S.; Koh, J. Low-Temperature Dyeing of Chemically Modified PET/Spandex Blends: A Sustainable Approach for Enhanced Dyeability and Color Fastness. Molecules 2025, 30, 3578. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30173578

AMA Style

Rahman MM, Hsan N, Hong I, Kabir SMM, Choi S, Kim Y, Kim S, Koh J. Low-Temperature Dyeing of Chemically Modified PET/Spandex Blends: A Sustainable Approach for Enhanced Dyeability and Color Fastness. Molecules. 2025; 30(17):3578. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30173578

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rahman, Md Morshedur, Nazrul Hsan, Ingi Hong, Shekh Md Mamun Kabir, Seunga Choi, Youngdae Kim, Soohyun Kim, and Joonseok Koh. 2025. "Low-Temperature Dyeing of Chemically Modified PET/Spandex Blends: A Sustainable Approach for Enhanced Dyeability and Color Fastness" Molecules 30, no. 17: 3578. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30173578

APA Style

Rahman, M. M., Hsan, N., Hong, I., Kabir, S. M. M., Choi, S., Kim, Y., Kim, S., & Koh, J. (2025). Low-Temperature Dyeing of Chemically Modified PET/Spandex Blends: A Sustainable Approach for Enhanced Dyeability and Color Fastness. Molecules, 30(17), 3578. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30173578

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