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Article

Preparations of trans- and cis-μ-1,2-Peroxodiiron(III) Complexes

by
Yuji Kajita
1,
Masaki Kubo
2,
Hidekazu Arii
3,
Shinya Ishikawa
2,
Yamato Saito
2,
Yuko Wasada-Tsutsui
2,
Yasuhiro Funahashi
4,
Tomohiro Ozawa
2 and
Hideki Masuda
1,2,*
1
Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Aichi Institute of Technology, 1247 Yachigusa, Yakusa-cho, Toyota 470-0392, Japan
2
Department of Frontier Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
3
Department of Education, Graduate School of Education, University of Miyazaki, Gakuenkibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
4
Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2024, 29(1), 205; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29010205
Submission received: 6 December 2023 / Revised: 20 December 2023 / Accepted: 28 December 2023 / Published: 29 December 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design Strategies for Metal Complexes that Activate Bio-Related Small Molecules)
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Abstract

:
The iron(II) complex with cis,cis-1,3,5-tris(benzylamino)cyclohexane (Bn3CY) (1) has been synthesized and characterized, which reacted with dioxygen to form the peroxo complex 2 in acetone at −60 °C. On the basis of spectroscopic measurements for 2, it was confirmed that the peroxo complex 2 has a trans-μ-1,2 fashion. Additionally, the peroxo complex 2 was reacted with benzoate anion as a bridging agent to give a peroxo complex 3. The results of resonance Raman and 1H-NMR studies supported that the peroxo complex 3 is a cis-μ-1,2-peroxodiiron(III) complex. These spectral features were interpreted by using DFT calculations.

Graphical Abstract

1. Introduction

Diiron-containing proteins are known to play an important role in the respiratory and metabolic systems. Especially, oxidoreductases such as soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO) and ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), with high-valent dinuclear Fe2(μ-O)2 species as intermediates, are very important from the viewpoint of organic, catalytic and industrial chemistries [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9], because the diiron(III)-peroxo species as precursors for the Fe2(μ-O)2 species are a fundamental key for cleaving the O–O bond of the dioxygen molecule. Therefore, a number of μ-peroxodiiron(III) complexes have been synthesized and investigated spectroscopically and structurally by many bioinorganic chemists [5,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30]. In all the crystal structures of μ-peroxodiiron(III) complexes reported previously, the torsion angles of Fe–O–O–Fe are in the range of 0° to 53° [12,13,14,15], defined as a cis-μ-1,2 mode. The torsion angle is restricted to the bridging moiety and supporting ligand such as an alkoxide and a carboxylate, because the removal of the bridging agent induces the preparation of (μ-peroxo)diiron(III) species with a larger Fe–O–O–Fe torsion angle. Characterization of various (μ-peroxo)diiron(III) species aids the understanding for the mechanism and active intermediates in enzyme reactions such as sMMO and RNR [3,5,10,11,31]. In recent years, the preparation, characterization and reactivity of several peroxo-bridged diiron complexes have received particular attention and researched as precursors to highly active Fe(IV)=O species, which are considered as candidates for active intermediates in sMMO. Goldberg et al. prepared peroxo-bridged diiron(III) species using the siloxide-coordinated ferrous complex FeII(Me3TACN)((OSiPh2)2O) [29] and the thiolate-coordinated ferrous complex FeII(Me3TACN)(S2SiMe2) [30] to study the reactivities of the highly active Fe(IV)=O species. The μ-1,2-peroxo-diferric intermediate P of the non-heme diiron enzyme has also attracted considerable attention, as it has been proposed that it can be converted to a high-valence active species by protonation or via a hydroperoxo-diiron(III) intermediate to an activated P′ intermediate. T. Glaser et al. also prepared the μ-1,2-peroxo complex {FeIII(μ-O)(μ-1,2-O2)FeIII} using a dinucleating ligand and studied its reactivity [32]. In the course of oxidation and protonation studies, they succeeded in preparing unique μ-1,2-peroxo FeIVFeIII and μ-1,2-hydroperoxo-FeIIIFeIII species. However, in both cases, no distinction was made between cis and trans μ-peroxo species, much less an assessment of differences in reactivity. At this point, all complexes studied so far have bridging ligands, and there are rare examples of (μ-peroxo)diiron(III) species without any bridging agents. It is also quite significant to prepare a μ-peroxodiiron(III) complex with other coordination modes such as trans-μ-1,2 one, because the trans-μ-1,2-peroxo diiron(III) species has been proposed as one of plausible structures of the reaction intermediate, compound P, in sMMO [3]. So, we considered that the bridging agents of alkoxide and/or calboxylate in the diiron complexes reported hitherto forced the peroxo to behave in a cis-μ-1,2 fashion, although the carboxylates of glutamic and aspartic acids in sMMO and RNR [3,5,10,11,31] can move flexibly and bind to the irons with longer Fe–O bonds in comparison with those of model complexes [33,34].
In this study, we designed and prepared a tridentate ligand with secondary amino groups, cis,cis-1,3,5-tris(benzylamino)cyclohexane (Bn3CY). Using this ligand, we tried to prepare the trans-μ-1,2-peroxodiiron(III) species through the dimerization of a mononuclear iron(II) complex. The benzyl group is sterically suitable in the dimerization of the iron(II) complex relative to aliphatic substituents (Scheme 1). Moreover, the addition of benzoate is examined to investigate the influence for peroxo species. In the presence of a bridging ligand such as benzoic acid, the iron(II) complex promotes the generation of cis-μ-1,2-peroxo diiron(III) species by its reaction with dioxygen, an approach studied by M. Suzuki et al. [35] and P. Stavropoulos et al. [36]. On the other hand, in the absence of the bridging ligand, the iron(II) complex with two bulky monodentate ligands such as chloride ion may cause the generation of the trans-μ-1,2-peroxo diiron(III) complex by the reaction with dioxygen. This trans-μ-1,2 mode will be changed to cis-μ-1,2 mode by the addition of benzoic acid.

2. Results and Discussion

2.1. Synthesis of [FeII(Bn3CY)Cl2] (1)

The starting material, mononuclear iron(II) complex [FeII(Bn3CY)Cl2] (1), was obtained as a white powder by reaction of Bn3CY with (n-Bu4N)2[FeCl4] in EtOH under Ar. The recrystallization in CH2Cl2/Et2O for one day afforded a colorless single crystal suitable for X-ray analysis. The crystal structure of 1 (Figure 1) revealed that the iron(II) ion is a square pyramid coordinated with three secondary amine nitrogen atoms of Bn3CY and two chloride ions. The bond lengths of Fe–N and Fe–Cl are similar to those of mononuclear iron(II) complexes reported hitherto [37,38]. The estimated τ value [39], 0.32, indicates that the geometry around the iron ion is a slightly distorted square pyramidal with a vacant site, which was caused by steric repulsion of two chloride ions.

2.2. Formation of the Peroxodiiron Complex 2

An acetone solution of 1 did not give any band in the near-ultra-violet and visible regions. Exposure of the solution to dioxygen at –60 °C afforded new species (2) with two intense bands at 385 nm (sh, ε = 2800 M−1 cm−1 per Fe) and 640 nm (ε = 870 M−1 cm−1 per Fe), as shown in Figure 2, which was EPR silent at 77 K due to a strong antiferromagnetic interaction between diiron(III) centers. The band at 648 nm for 2 is assignable to an LMCT band of peroxo to iron(III), which lies within the range of those (500–700 nm) for μ-peroxodiiron(III) complexes reported previously [3]. Another band at 385 nm is comparable to the LMCT band (382 nm (ε = 3170 M−1 cm−1)) of chloride ions to an iron(III) in [FeIII(TPA)Cl2]ClO4 [40], indicating that the chloride ions are maintained for the coordination to iron(III) in 2. The intensity change in the band at 648 nm indicates that the formation of 2 from 1 at –60 °C obeys a pseudo first-order kinetic law, and the observed rate constant was estimated to be 2.8(3) × 10−3 s−1 (Figures S1 and S2). The kinetic behavior for the dimer-peroxo system was reported by Itoh and Fukuzumi et al., in which the (superoxo)copper(II) species formed by the reaction of a mononuclear copper(I) complex with dioxygen followed by the dimerization of another copper(I) one yields the (μ-peroxo)dicopper(II) species. It is concluded that the formation process of the (μ-peroxo)dicopper(II) species is a rate-determining step because the formation rate of (μ-peroxo)dicopper(II) species is second order to the concentration of the copper(I) complex as a starting material [41]. According to the results, the formation process of a putative (superoxo)iron(III) species in this system is suggested to be the rate-determining step.

2.3. Resonance Raman Spectroscopy

The resonance Raman spectrum of 2 in acetone-d6 gave a characteristic band of O–O stretching vibration at 842/854 cm−1 (Figure 3), which shifted to 793/803 cm−1 using 18O2 instead of 16O2, in which the two bands may be explained in terms of the Fermi doublet or the existence of two diastereomers (Figure S3). The ν(O–O) bands appeared in the lowest region among those (888, 900 cm−1) of cis-μ-1,2-peroxodiiron(III) complexes without bridging μ-oxo [13,15]. Such a small value in ν(O–O) corresponds well to those (832–837 cm−1 and 788 cm−1 for 16O- and 18O-labeled samples, respectively) of the dicopper(II) complexes with peroxo in a trans-μ-1,2 fashion reported previously by Karlin et al. and Suzuki et al. [42,43,44], although they are μ-peroxo dicopper(II) complexes. These facts suggest that the peroxide coordinates to the two iron(III) centers in a trans-μ-1,2 fashion. The oxygenation process is considered as follows (Scheme 1): 1 reacts with dioxygen to form a mononuculear iron(III)-superoxo species and then immediately the iron(III)-superoxo complex binds with another 1 to afford 2. The above kinetic experiment indicates that the first step is the rate-determining step in the formation of 2.

2.4. Conversion of 2 to 3

In order to confirm whether carboxylate affects the peroxo coordination mode, as described above, a mixture of benzoic acid (150 eq) and triethylamine (150 eq) in acetone was added to the acetone solution of 2 at −60 °C to proceed the complete conversion. The LMCT band of peroxo to iron(III) shifted to a shorter-wavelength region at 595 nm (ε = 560 M−1 cm−1 per Fe) and that of chloride to iron(III) disappeared (Figure 2), indicating that 2 was converted to a new peroxodiiron(III) complex (3) and that the chloride ions coordinated to iron(III) atoms were replaced by benzoate. In the resonance Raman spectrum, the O–O stretching vibration observed in 2 at 842/854 cm−1 shifted to 865 cm−1, which shifted to 818 cm−1 when 18O2 was used instead of 16O2 (Figure 3). The ν(O–O) band is assignable to that of the cis-μ-1,2-peroxodiiron(III) complex, although it is slightly smaller as compared to those (888, 900 cm−1) of cis-μ-1,2-peroxodiiron(III) complexes reported previously [13,15]. This behavior demonstrates that the peroxide of 2 in a trans-μ-1,2 fashion was changed to 3 in cis by the bridge of exogenous benzoate to the diiron(III) core, indicating that the bridging carboxylate ligand is a factor that compels the diiron complex to cis-μ-1,2 form. In order to understand the reaction behaviors, we tried 1H-NMR and ESI-MS spectral measurements. The 1H-NMR study gave interesting spectra, as described below, although we failed the characterizations of 2 and 3 by ESI-MS.

2.5. 1H-NMR Studies

The 1H-NMR spectra of 2 and 3 were measured in acetone-d6/CH2Cl2 (24:5 v/v), and the magnetic moments were calculated from the difference in proton chemical shifts of CH2Cl2 between in the complex solution and in solvent only by using the Evans method [45]. Both spectra gave extensively shifted and broadened ones typical of a paramagnetic species, as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, respectively. These spectral behaviors were also supported from the magnetic moments of μeff/μB = 5.4 and 5.3 per one iron atom in species 2 and 3, respectively. Furthermore, interestingly, species 2 indicated a simple spectrum (seven proton peaks), although the peaks were not assigned, indicating that the species is symmetric. On the other hand, species 3 gave a slightly complicated spectrum (18 proton peaks), suggesting that the species is asymmetric. The respective peak numbers are quite reasonable when we consider the ideal structures of dioxygen diiron complexes with trans- and cis-conformations. So, we decided that complexes 2 and 3 exist as trans and cis structures, respectively, in solution.

2.6. DFT Calculations

In order to evaluate the observed vibrational modes of species 2 and 3 and to make sure of the reaction mechanism shown in Scheme 1, DFT calculations were carried out. We first carried out a preliminary DFT calculation using four small models before carrying out the full geometry optimizations of 2 and 3. Among them, the monobenzoato cis-diiron species was stabilized in the form with peroxide anion in the side-on mode, and the frequency of the O–O stretching modes was quite low, which did not coincide with the experimental results. The formation of the side-on peroxide species in the monobenzoato cis-diiron small model may be attributed to the lack of the steric hindrance of the bulky benzyl and benzoate groups. The other three cases gave reasonable results. Additionally, taking the NMR results, where species 2 and 3 are paramagnetic, into consideration, we treated only the complexes with larger coordination numbers of chlorido and benzoato ligands for the calculations of species 2 and 3, respectively, i.e., the tetrachlorido species for 2 and the dibenzoato species for 3 (Scheme 1). The calculations were performed for trans- and cis-species, 2 and 3, in the S = 0 and S = 5 states.
The structural parameters related to the bridged peroxide and the Raman frequencies and activities of the modes related to O–O stretching for the fully optimized species 2 and 3 in the S = 0 and S = 5 states are listed in Table 1. The calculations showed that species 2 and 3 in the S = 5 state are less stable than those in the S = 0 state by 1.3 and 1.7 kcal/mol, respectively (Table 1). On the other hand, the total spins (S) estimated for species 2 and 3 in the S = 0 state included a large spin contamination, although those in the S = 5 state did not, which caused an overestimate in the stability of species in the S = 0 state. These results, as expected in the NMR study of species 2 and 3, suggest that the species in the S = 5 state may give better results than those in the S = 0. So, we mainly describe and discuss only the structural parameters and Raman frequencies of species 2 and 3 in the S = 5 state. The optimized structures of species 2 and 3 are shown in Figure 6. As expected, species 2 and 3 were stabilized in trans-O2 and cis-O2 bridged structures, respectively. The Fe–O–O–Fe dihedral angles are 180.0° and 72.1° for 2 and 3, respectively. The dihedral angle calculated for small models of species 2 (S = 5), 129.4°, which is closer to the dihedral angle in gas phase H2O2 (119.8°) [46], was largely changed from the initial structure, although that of species 3 (S = 5) was not significantly changed. It is considered that the steric effect of the benzyl groups of the Bn3CY ligand and the phenyl groups of the benzoate stabilized the trans-O2 structure. Bis-μ-benzoate bindings formed in species 3 might be rigid enough to keep the cis-O2 structure from the steric effect.
The optimized Fe···Fe distances for species 2 and 3, 4.668 and 3.734 Å, are reasonable when we consider the typical trans- and cis-O2 bridged structures, respectively. In these cases, the O–O bond lengths were estimated to be 1.389 and 1.407 Å for 2 and 3, respectively. The optimized structure obtained here is also supported by the previously reported structure of the peroxoiron dinuclear complex [35,36].
The Raman frequency calculated for species 2 (S = 5) was obtained as two peaks at 917 and 926 cm−1, which are very interesting and important. These two signals were also detected in the experimental Raman spectrum (842, 854 cm−1, Figure 3), although they were slightly higher. Furthermore, interestingly, their peak heights are similar to the experimental values; Raman activities are estimated to be 1.1 × 104 and 2.1 × 104 for 917 and 926 cm−1, respectively. These two peaks consist of the O–O stretching mode and vibration mode of ligands, and the Raman activity increases as the contribution of O–O stretching modes increases. For 3, the calculated value assigned to O–O stretching mode, 894 cm−1, was one signal, which is very similar to the experimental one, 865 cm−1.
For species 2, the O–O stretching mode is coupled with the motion of benzyl groups of the Bn3CY ligands (Figure S4). For species 3 in the S = 0 state, the O–O stretching mode is coupled with the vibrational modes of the cyclohexyl ring of Bn3CY (Figure S5). In contrast, only one O–O stretching mode found in species 3 in the S = 5 state, where the O–O bond is longer than that of species 2 (Table 1), results from small vibrational coupling. These results agree with both the experimental Raman spectra and magnetic susceptibility of species 3.

3. Experimental Section

3.1. Experimental Procedure

All manipulations were carried out under an atmosphere of purified Ar in a mBRAUN MB 150B-G glovebox or standard Schlenk techniques.

3.2. Materials

Reagents and solvents employed were commercially available. All anhydrous solvents were purchased from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation and were purged with Ar to degas. The ligand cis,cis-1,3,5-tris(benzylamino)cyclohexane (Bn3CY) was prepared following a method from the literature [47].

3.3. Preparation of [FeIICl2(Bn3CY)] (1)

To an EtOH solution (3 mL) of tetra-n-butylammonium chloride (247 mg, 0.89 mmol) was added a methanol solution of FeCl2 (56.3 mg, 0.44 mmol), where insoluble material was removed by filtration. After Bn3CY 177 mg (0.44 mmol) was added to the filtrate, the solution stood for a few minutes to obtain a white powder, 199 mg (97%). Calcd for 1·H2O·1.5EtOH (C30H44Cl2FeN3O2.5): C 58.74, H 7.23, N 6.85. Found: C 58.81, H 7.32, N 6.77.
Leaving the CH2Cl2/Et2O mixed solution of the powder to stand for a few days afforded a colorless single crystal suitable for X-ray analysis.
CCDC reference number CCDC-248487.

3.4. Preparations of trans- (2) and cis-μ-1,2-Peroxo Diiron(III) Complexes (3)

The Fe(II) complex 1 was dissolved in acetone to a concentration of 0.4 mM under Ar atmosphere, and then dioxygen was flowed at −60 °C to prepare the peroxo-diiron(III) complex (2). The solution color was changed from light yellow to blue green. The UV-vis spectrum of the solution was measured at −60 °C. It was also dissolved in acetone or acetone-d6 for resonance Raman spectra and further dissolved in acetone-d6/CH2Cl2 (24/5 v/v) solution for 1H NMR measurements.
Next, the solution of complex 2 was then prepared in the same way as above, and 10 equivalents of benzoic acid and triethylamine were added to the acetone or acetone-d6 solution of complex 2 to obtain complex 3. Various spectroscopic measurements were carried out on the complex solution in the same way as described above.
Unfortunately, complexes 2 and 3 decompose quickly unless the temperature is below −60 °C.

3.5. Instrumentation

1H-NMR spectral measurements were performed on a BRUKER ADVANCE 600 MHz NMR spectrometer operating at 600.134 MHz (1H) in CDCl3 at 293 K. Chemical shifts are recorded with respect to internal TMS (δ = 0.00 ppm). Paramagnetic 1H-NMR spectra were taken with a BRUKER ADVANCE 400 MHz NMR spectrometer operating at 400.13 MHz (1H) in acetone-d6/CH2Cl2 (24:1 v/v) at −60 °C, and magnetic susceptibility was estimated in acetone-d6/CH2Cl2 (24:5 v/v) at −60 °C by using Evans method [45,46,48,49,50]. Electronic absorption spectra were recorded on a JASCO V-570 spectrophotometer (JASCO Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). IR spectra of solid compounds were measured as KBr pellets using a JASCO FT/IR-410 spectrophotometer (JASCO Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). Raman scattering was excited at 600 nm with a He-Cd laser (MKS Instrument Inc., Tokyo, Spectra Physics, Model CD4805R) and detected by using a CCD detector (Teledyne Princeton Instruments, USA, PI-CCD) attached to a single polychromator (Ritsu Oyo Kogaku, Japan, DG-1000). The slit width was set to 200 μm. The laser power used was 30 mW at the sample point. All measurements were carried out with a spinning cell (3000 rpm) at −80 °C. Raman shifts were calibrated with toluene and CH2Cl2, and the accuracy of the peak positions of the Raman bands was ±1 cm−1. Electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectra ESI-TOF/MS were obtained with a Micromass LCT spectrometer. X-band EPR spectra were obtained using a JEOL RE-1X spectrometer at 77 K. Elemental analyses were obtained with a Perkin Elmer CHN-900 elemental analyzer (USA).

3.6. X-ray Crystallography

A single crystal of 1 suitable for X-ray diffraction analyses was obtained from CH2Cl2/Et2O mixed solution after standing for a few days under an Ar atmosphere. The crystal was mounted on a glass fiber, and diffraction data were collected on a Rigaku/MSC Mercury CCD using graphite monochromated Mo Kα radiation at 173 K. Crystal data and experimental details are listed in Table S1.
The structure was solved by a combination of direct method (SIR2004) and Fourier techniques. All non-hydrogen atoms were refined anisotropically. Hydrogen atoms were refined using the riding model. A Sheldrick weighting scheme was employed. Plots of ∑w (|F0| − |Fc|)2 versus |F0|, reflection order in data collection, sin θ/λ, and various classes of indices showed no unusual trends. Neutral atomic scattering factors were obtained from Cromer and Waber [51]. Anomalous dispersion terms were included in Fcalc [52], and the values for Δϕ′ and Δϕ″ were those of Creagh and McAuley [53]. The values for the mass attenuation coefficients are those of Creagh and Hubbell [54]. All calculations were performed using the crystallographic software package CrystalStructure 3.7.0 [55,56]. A packing diagram of the unit cell and a complete set of crystallographic tables, including positional parameters, anisotropic thermal factors, and bond lengths and angles, are listed in Tables S2–S6.

3.7. Computational Details

To assign the observed vibrational modes of species 2 and 3 and to make sure of the reaction mechanism shown in Scheme 1, the DFT calculations were carried out using the B3LYP functional [57]. For both cases, the calculations were performed for diiron(III) complexes having the antiferromagnetically and ferromagnetically coupled ferric centers (in the S = 0 and S = 5 states per one iron site, respectively), although the spin states of iron sites in the solution were estimated to be μeff/μB = 5.4 and 5.3 for species 2 and 3, respectively, on the basis of Evans method using NMR measurement. For the preliminary DFT calculations, we calculated for the following four small model species that the phenyl group of benzoate anion and the benzyl groups of the ligands were replaced with H atoms: dichloride and tetrachloride forms for species 2 and monobenzoate and dibenzoate forms for species 3. The initial structures of cis- and trans-species were carried out using the ideal cis- and trans-conformations, which were geometrically optimized. And, then, whole structures of species 2 and 3 were calculated on the basis of the structures estimated from small models. The following basis sets were employed for the respective atoms; 6-311+G(d) for Fe [58,59], O and Cl atoms [60,61] of an amide group, 6-311G(d) for N atoms [60,62], and 6-31G(d) for C and H atoms [60,63], respectively. The calculated frequencies were scaled by 0.966 [64]. All electronic structure calculations were performed with the Gaussian 09 Rev. E. 01 [65] on the Fujitsu CX400 system at the Nagoya University Information Technology Center.

4. Conclusions

We synthesized a mononuclear iron(II) complex 1 with tridentate secondary amine ligand Bn3CY. The reaction of 1 with dioxygen at –60 °C in acetone afforded the trans-μ-1,2-peroxodiiron(III) complex 2, which was changed to the cis-μ-1,2 one by the addition of benzoate. These findings suggest that in diiron core-containing proteins, the carboxylate residues must freely control the coordination state of the peroxo intermediate in the enzymatic reaction. 1H-NMR measurements of 2 and 3 suggested that these complexes are a paramagnetic species with S = 5/2 per one iron and that complexes 2 and 3 are symmetric and asymmetric, respectively, with the findings supporting their conformations. The theoretical explanations for the formations of cis- and trans-μ-1,2-peroxo diiron complexes were elicited using the DFT method.

Supplementary Materials

The following supporting information can be downloaded at: https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/molecules29010205/s1, Experimental: X-ray crystal structure analysis of complex 1; Tables S1–S6: Crystallographic experimental details, final atomic coordinates, thermal parameters, full bond lengths and angles for 1; Table S7: Structural parameters, harmonic vibrational frequencies and Raman activities related to the O-O stretching mode for the small model; Figure S1: Spectral change of the reaction of 1 and dioxygen in acetone at –60 °C; Figure S2: Plots of ln(A∞/(A∞ − A)) vs t. for the reaction of 1 and dioxygen; Figure S3: Resonance Raman spectrum of 2 (16O2) and calculated one separated by using Gaussian fitting program. The red and blue lines are observed and calculated spectra; Figure S4: Raman active modes related to the O-O stretching in species 2; Figure S5: Raman active modes related to the O-O stretching in species 3. The CCDC deposition numbers 248487 contain the supplementary crystallographic data for this paper, which can obtained free of charge via emailing data [email protected], or by contacting The Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre at 12 Union Road, Cambridge CB2 1EZ, UK; fax: +44-1223-336033.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization, Y.K. and H.M.; methodology, S.I. and Y.F.; software, Y.W.-T.; validation, S.I., Y.S. and H.A.; formal analysis, M.K. and H.A.; investigation, Y.K., H.A. and Y.F.; resources, H.M. and T.O.; writing—original draft preparation, Y.K.; writing—review and editing, Y.K. and H.M.; supervision, H.M.; project administration, Y.F. and T.O.; funding acquisition, H.M. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Funding

This research was funded by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), grant number (B) 20H027520 and (C) 20K05545.

Data Availability Statement

The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author.

Acknowledgments

We thank Teizo Kitagawa, Takehiko Tosha, and Shigenori Nagatomo (Institute for Molecular Science) for resonance Raman spectral measurements. This work was supported in part by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) through the Program for Advancing Strategic International Networks to Accelerate the Circulation of Talented Researchers and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) for a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B, C).

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Molecules 29 00205 sch001
Scheme 1. Conversion of trans-μ-1,2-peroxo complex 2 to cis-μ-1,2-peroxo complex 3.
Scheme 1. Conversion of trans-μ-1,2-peroxo complex 2 to cis-μ-1,2-peroxo complex 3.
Molecules 29 00205 sch001
Molecules 29 00205 g001
Figure 1. ORTEP view of 1 showing 30% probability thermal ellipsoids. The counter anions and hydrogen atoms are omit-ted for clarity. Selected bond lengths (Å) and angles (deg): Fe–Cl(1) 2.3796(7), Fe–Cl(2) 2.3700(8), Fe–N(1) 2.229(2), Fe–N(2) 2.193(2), Fe–N(3) 2.188(2); Cl(1)–Fe–Cl(2) 94.45(3), Cl(1)–Fe–N(1) 168.77(5), Cl(1)–Fe–N(2) 86.11(5), Cl(1)–Fe–N(3) 104.21(5), Cl(2)–Fe–N(1) 87.06(5), Cl(2)–Fe–N(2) 149.43(5), Cl(2)–Fe–N(3) 119.34(5), N(1)–Fe–N(2) 86.96(6), N(1)–Fe–N(3) 84.60(6), N(2)–Fe–N(3) 89.85(7).
Figure 1. ORTEP view of 1 showing 30% probability thermal ellipsoids. The counter anions and hydrogen atoms are omit-ted for clarity. Selected bond lengths (Å) and angles (deg): Fe–Cl(1) 2.3796(7), Fe–Cl(2) 2.3700(8), Fe–N(1) 2.229(2), Fe–N(2) 2.193(2), Fe–N(3) 2.188(2); Cl(1)–Fe–Cl(2) 94.45(3), Cl(1)–Fe–N(1) 168.77(5), Cl(1)–Fe–N(2) 86.11(5), Cl(1)–Fe–N(3) 104.21(5), Cl(2)–Fe–N(1) 87.06(5), Cl(2)–Fe–N(2) 149.43(5), Cl(2)–Fe–N(3) 119.34(5), N(1)–Fe–N(2) 86.96(6), N(1)–Fe–N(3) 84.60(6), N(2)–Fe–N(3) 89.85(7).
Molecules 29 00205 g001
Molecules 29 00205 g002
Figure 2. UV-vis spectra of 1–3 at −60 °C in acetone.
Figure 2. UV-vis spectra of 1–3 at −60 °C in acetone.
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Molecules 29 00205 g003
Figure 3. Resonance Raman spectra of 2 and 3 at –80 °C in acetone or acetone-d6. The symbol ‘s’ denotes the solvent peaks.
Figure 3. Resonance Raman spectra of 2 and 3 at –80 °C in acetone or acetone-d6. The symbol ‘s’ denotes the solvent peaks.
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Molecules 29 00205 g004
Figure 4. 400 MHz 1H NMR spectrum of 2 in acetone-d6/CH2Cl2 (24/5, v/v) solution at 213 K. The peaks at 6.058 ppm and 5.490 ppm are the dichloromethane peaks in the complex solution and in the inserted capillary with pure solvent, respectively.
Figure 4. 400 MHz 1H NMR spectrum of 2 in acetone-d6/CH2Cl2 (24/5, v/v) solution at 213 K. The peaks at 6.058 ppm and 5.490 ppm are the dichloromethane peaks in the complex solution and in the inserted capillary with pure solvent, respectively.
Molecules 29 00205 g004
Molecules 29 00205 g005
Figure 5. 400 MHz 1H NMR spectrum of 3 in acetone-d6/CH2Cl2 (24/5, v/v) at 213 K. The peaks at 5.990 ppm and 5.490 ppm are the dichloromethane peaks in the complex solution and in the inserted capillary with pure solvent, respectively.
Figure 5. 400 MHz 1H NMR spectrum of 3 in acetone-d6/CH2Cl2 (24/5, v/v) at 213 K. The peaks at 5.990 ppm and 5.490 ppm are the dichloromethane peaks in the complex solution and in the inserted capillary with pure solvent, respectively.
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Molecules 29 00205 g006
Figure 6. Optimized structures of complexes 2 and 3. The O–O and Fe–O bond lengths are shown in Å.
Figure 6. Optimized structures of complexes 2 and 3. The O–O and Fe–O bond lengths are shown in Å.
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Table 1. Structural parameters, harmonic vibrational frequencies and Raman activities related to the O–O stretching mode.
Table 1. Structural parameters, harmonic vibrational frequencies and Raman activities related to the O–O stretching mode.
Compounds23
S0505
S (calculated)1.785.001.775.00
Energy (kcal/mol) a0.01.30.01.7
O–O (Å)1.3831.3891.3781.407
Fe–Fe (Å)4.6464.6683.7923.734
Fe–O–O–Fe (deg.)180.0180.0–65.3–72.1
ν(O–O) (cm−1)938, 940917, 926908, 920894
Raman activ. b2.2, 0.9 (×104)1.1, 2.1 (×104)5.2, 1.8 (×103)1.6 × 103
Experiment (cm−1) 842, 854 865
a The energies relative to diiron species in the S = 0 state. b Raman activity. The unit is KM/mol. The modes denoted in Table are to partly contain the O–O stretching mode having Raman activities down to the one-fourth of the largest one.
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Kajita, Y.; Kubo, M.; Arii, H.; Ishikawa, S.; Saito, Y.; Wasada-Tsutsui, Y.; Funahashi, Y.; Ozawa, T.; Masuda, H. Preparations of trans- and cis-μ-1,2-Peroxodiiron(III) Complexes. Molecules 2024, 29, 205. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29010205

AMA Style

Kajita Y, Kubo M, Arii H, Ishikawa S, Saito Y, Wasada-Tsutsui Y, Funahashi Y, Ozawa T, Masuda H. Preparations of trans- and cis-μ-1,2-Peroxodiiron(III) Complexes. Molecules. 2024; 29(1):205. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29010205

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kajita, Yuji, Masaki Kubo, Hidekazu Arii, Shinya Ishikawa, Yamato Saito, Yuko Wasada-Tsutsui, Yasuhiro Funahashi, Tomohiro Ozawa, and Hideki Masuda. 2024. "Preparations of trans- and cis-μ-1,2-Peroxodiiron(III) Complexes" Molecules 29, no. 1: 205. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29010205

APA Style

Kajita, Y., Kubo, M., Arii, H., Ishikawa, S., Saito, Y., Wasada-Tsutsui, Y., Funahashi, Y., Ozawa, T., & Masuda, H. (2024). Preparations of trans- and cis-μ-1,2-Peroxodiiron(III) Complexes. Molecules, 29(1), 205. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29010205

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