Evaluation of the Anticancer Activity and Mechanism Studies of Glycyrrhetic Acid Derivatives toward HeLa Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Chemistry
2.2. Cell Viability and IC50 Determination
2.3. Apoptosis Studies
2.4. Inhibition of Cell Migration and Cloning
2.5. Cell Cycle Arrest Assay
2.6. Determination of Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
2.7. Effects of Compound on Ca2+ Levels
2.8. Effects on Mitochondrial Membrane Potential
2.9. Analysis of Intracellular GSH Content
2.10. Differential Gene Expression Level Analysis
2.11. Western Blot Detection
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials
3.2. Synthesis of Compounds
3.3. Purity Determination of the Compound
3.4. Cell Viability Assay
3.5. DAPI Studies Apoptotic Morphology
3.6. Apoptosis Was Detected Using Flow Cytometry
3.7. Wound Healing Migration Assay
3.8. Colony Formation Assay
3.9. Cell Cycle Arrest Assay
3.10. Determination of Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
3.11. Effects of Compound on Ca2+ Levels
3.12. Effects on Mitochondrial Membrane Potential
3.13. Detection of Intracellular GSH Levels
3.14. Transcriptome Analysis
3.15. Western Blot Detection
3.16. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Compound | SGC-7901 | BEL-7402 | B16 | A549 | HeLa | LO2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3a | 48.4 ± 1.7 | 32.4 ± 3.6 | 47.4 ± 2.3 | 39.5 ± 8.5 | 11.4 ± 0.2 | 52.4 ± 3.0 |
3b | 44.9 ± 5.9 | 39.9 ± 4.5 | 44.4 ± 5.7 | 17.7 ± 2.0 | 24.0 ± 0.8 | 32.4 ± 7.4 |
3c | 43.5 ± 3.8 | >100 | 56.7 ± 4.5 | 45.3 ± 3.4 | 38.0 ± 6.4 | 74.2 ± 5.5 |
3d | 32.1 ± 4.4 | 26.4 ± 3.2 | 39.1 ± 4.7 | 26.9 ± 1.5 | 23.2 ± 0.89 | 78.7 ± 4.4 |
3e | 73.1 ± 5.6 | >100 | 43.4 ± 3.6 | 21.2±1.1 | 26.6 ± 1.5 | 36.7 ± 3.0 |
3f | 69.2 ± 13.3 | 41.6 ± 2.3 | 48.3 ± 1.2 | 32.7 ± 1.7 | 45.5 ± 2.1 | 71.7 ± 2.6 |
GA | 75.9 ± 10.8 | 45.9 ± 3.6 | 57.6 ± 5.8 | 61.1 ± 12.5 | 62.9 ± 3.4 | 87.5 ± 5.5 |
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Chen, J.; Xu, Y.; Yang, Y.; Yao, X.; Fu, Y.; Wang, Y.; Liu, Y.; Wang, X. Evaluation of the Anticancer Activity and Mechanism Studies of Glycyrrhetic Acid Derivatives toward HeLa Cells. Molecules 2023, 28, 3164. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28073164
Chen J, Xu Y, Yang Y, Yao X, Fu Y, Wang Y, Liu Y, Wang X. Evaluation of the Anticancer Activity and Mechanism Studies of Glycyrrhetic Acid Derivatives toward HeLa Cells. Molecules. 2023; 28(7):3164. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28073164
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Ju, Yunran Xu, Yan Yang, Xin Yao, Yuan Fu, Yi Wang, Yunjun Liu, and Xiuzhen Wang. 2023. "Evaluation of the Anticancer Activity and Mechanism Studies of Glycyrrhetic Acid Derivatives toward HeLa Cells" Molecules 28, no. 7: 3164. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28073164