Microbiological Studies on the Influence of Essential Oils from Several Origanum Species on Respiratory Pathogens
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)
- carvacrol: EO 2, 3, 4, 6
- caryophyllene oxide: EO 1
- terpineol/sabinene hydrate: EO 5, 7, 8
- thymol: EO 9
2.2. Thin-Layer Chromatography-Direct Bioautography (TLC-DB)
2.3. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Assay
2.4. Anti-Biofilm Assay
2.5. Scanning Electron Microscopy
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Essential Oils
4.2. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
4.3. Cultivation of Bacterial Strains
4.4. Thin-Layer Chromatography-Direct Bioautography (TLC-DB) Assay
4.5. Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations and Anti-Biofilm Assay
4.6. Scanning Electron Microscopy
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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RIex | RIlit | Compound | 1 * | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
925 | 932 | α-Thujene | - | - | - | 0.1 | - | - | 0.2 | - | 0.6 |
933 | 936 | α-Pinene | - | - | 0.3 | 0.6 | - | - | 0.2 | - | 0.5 |
973 | 973 | Sabinene | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.7 | 0.2 | - |
978 | 978 | β-Pinene | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.1 | - | 0.1 |
982 | 962 | 1-Octen-3-ol | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.2 | - | 0.2 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 0.3 |
984 | 969 | 3-Octanone | - | 0.2 | 0.1 | - | - | - | 0.2 | - | - |
988 | 987 | Myrcene | - | - | 0.9 | 1.3 | - | 0.4 | 0.3 | - | 1.7 |
998 | 981 | 3-Octanol | 0.2 | - | - | - | - | 0.2 | 0.2 | - | 0.4 |
1007 | 1002 | α-Phellandrene | - | - | - | 0.1 | - | - | - | - | 0.2 |
1018 | 1013 | α-Terpinene | - | - | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.4 | - | 1.9 |
1026 | 1015 | p-Cymene | 1.8 | 1.1 | 5.8 | 5.6 | 0.1 | 3.8 | 8.2 | 4.1 | 7.0 |
1030 | 1024 | Limonene | - | - | 0.2 | 0.2 | - | - | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.3 |
1033 | 1025 | 1,8-Cineole | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.5 | - | - | - | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
1036 | 1029 | (Z)-β-Ocimene | - | - | 0.2 | - | - | - | 0.3 | - | - |
1046 | 1041 | (E)-β-Ocimene | - | - | 0.1 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
1060 | 1051 | γ-Terpinene | - | - | 2.1 | 2.7 | 0.2 | 1.3 | 0.2 | - | 8.9 |
1074 | 1065 | cis-Sabinene hydrate | 4.5 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 6.4 | 0.6 | 3.9 | 2.6 | 0.9 |
1087 | 1082 | α-Terpinolene | - | - | - | 0.1 | - | - | - | - | 0.1 |
1101 | 1086 | Linalool | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | - | 3.4 | - | 0.2 | 1.8 | 0.8 |
1105 | 1098 | trans-Sabinene hydrate | 1.5 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 37.1 | 0.6 | 26.4 | 28.0 | 1.2 |
1129 | 1108 | cis-p-Menth-2-en-1-ol | 0.2 | - | - | - | 1.7 | - | 0.8 | 1.6 | - |
1148 | 1116 | trans-p-Menth-2-en-1-ol | 0.1 | - | - | - | 0.7 | - | 0.4 | 0.1 | - |
1152 | 1123 | Camphor | - | 0.2 | - | - | - | - | 0.2 | 0.2 | - |
1162 | 1132 | Sabina ketone | 0.3 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.2 | 0.9 | - |
1179 | 1150 | endo-Borneol | - | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.1 | - | 0.1 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
1183 | 1156 | Neomenthol | 0.3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.2 | - |
1186 | 1164 | Terpinen-4-ol | 2.8 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 19.8 | 0.7 | 9.7 | 4.4 | 0.5 |
1193 | 1169 | p-Cymen-8-ol | 0.2 | - | - | - | 0.2 | - | 0.3 | 0.5 | - |
1201 | 1176 | α-Terpineol | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 5.9 | 0.3 | 1.1 | 1.8 | 0.2 |
1215 | 1193 | trans-Piperitol | - | - | - | - | 0.4 | - | 0.2 | 0.3 | - |
1230 | 1215 | Thymol methyl ether | 0.1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.1 | - |
1240 | 1221 | Carvacrol methyl ether | 0.2 | 1.8 | 0.8 | 0.4 | - | - | 3.8 | 0.3 | - |
1248 | 1239 | Linalyl acetate | - | - | - | - | 4.5 | - | - | - | 0.2 |
1249 | 1242 | Carvone | 0.7 | 0.1 | - | - | - | - | 0.3 | 0.3 | - |
1287 | 1270 | Bornyl acetate | - | 0.1 | - | - | - | - | 0.2 | 0.2 | - |
1297 | 1289 | Terpinen-4-yl acetate | - | - | - | - | 0.8 | - | - | - | - |
1301 | 1290 | Thymol | 0.8 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | - | 0.6 | - | 5.7 | 46.9 |
1313 | 1300 | Carvacrol | 22.1 | 57.6 | 71.5 | 81.3 | 8.0 | 86.4 | 26.5 | 15.3 | 25.3 |
1356 | 1342 | Neryl acetate | - | - | - | - | 0.3 | - | - | - | - |
1367 | 1354 | Carvacryl acetate | - | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | - | 0.3 | - | - | - |
1375 | 1362 | Geranyl acetate | - | - | - | - | 0.6 | - | - | - | - |
1382 | 1379 | α-Copaene | 0.1 | - | 0.1 | - | - | - | - | 0.3 | - |
1391 | 1386 | β-Bourbonene | 1.8 | 0.2 | 0.2 | - | - | - | 1.1 | 0.9 | - |
1394 | 1389 | β-Elemene | 0.2 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.2 | 0.1 | - |
1429 | 1420 | (E)-β-Caryophyllene | 0.6 | - | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 2.0 | - | 0.6 | 0.9 |
1438 | 1430 | β-Copaene | 0.2 | 0.1 | - | - | - | - | 0.1 | 0.1 | - |
1448 | 1443 | Aromandendrene | - | 0.2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
1466 | 1455 | α-Humulene | 0.2 | - | 0.2 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
1470 | 1462 | allo-Aromadendrene | 0.7 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.8 | - |
1499 | 1494 | Valencene | - | 0.1 | 0.1 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
1505 | 1496 | α-Muurolene | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | - | - | - | - | 0.4 | 0.2 |
1511 | 1503 | β-Bisabolene | 0.4 | 1.9 | 0.6 | 0.2 | - | - | 0.5 | 0.2 | - |
1522 | 1507 | γ-Cadinene | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.1 | - | - | - | 0.2 | - |
1525 | 1520 | δ-Cadinene | - | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.3 | - | - | - | 0.5 | - |
1591 | 1572 | Spathulenol | 11.7 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 1.3 | 5.6 | 1.6 | - | |
1596 | 1580 | Caryophyllene oxide | 15.2 | 6.8 | 1.9 | 0.4 | 1.3 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 4.9 | - |
1606 | 1592 | Viridiflorol | 0.4 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.1 | 0.2 | - |
1625 | 1602 | Humulene epoxide II | 3.1 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 0.3 | - | - | - | 0.7 | - |
1669 | 1643 | α-Cadinol | 2.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | - | - | - | 0.4 | 2.1 | - |
1964 | 1951 | Hexadecanoic acid | 1.3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.2 | - |
2095 | 2096 | Heneicosane | 0.8 | 8.2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Sample Name | Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (mg/mL) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
H. influenzae | H. parainfluenzae | P. aeruginosa | MRSA | |
O. vulgare “Hirtum” (2) | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.3 | 0.6 |
O. vulgare “Margarita” (3) | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.3 | 0.6 |
O. vulgare “Hot & Spicy” (4) | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.3 | 0.6 |
O. majorana (5) | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.3 |
O. syriacum (I) (6) | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.3 | 0.6 |
O. syriacum (II) (9) | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.3 | 0.6 |
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Piasecki, B.; Balázs, V.L.; Kieltyka-Dadasiewicz, A.; Szabó, P.; Kocsis, B.; Horváth, G.; Ludwiczuk, A. Microbiological Studies on the Influence of Essential Oils from Several Origanum Species on Respiratory Pathogens. Molecules 2023, 28, 3044. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28073044
Piasecki B, Balázs VL, Kieltyka-Dadasiewicz A, Szabó P, Kocsis B, Horváth G, Ludwiczuk A. Microbiological Studies on the Influence of Essential Oils from Several Origanum Species on Respiratory Pathogens. Molecules. 2023; 28(7):3044. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28073044
Chicago/Turabian StylePiasecki, Bartłomiej, Viktória L. Balázs, Anna Kieltyka-Dadasiewicz, Péter Szabó, Béla Kocsis, Györgyi Horváth, and Agnieszka Ludwiczuk. 2023. "Microbiological Studies on the Influence of Essential Oils from Several Origanum Species on Respiratory Pathogens" Molecules 28, no. 7: 3044. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28073044