Glutamine Deprivation Synergizes the Anticancer Effects of Cold Atmospheric Plasma on Esophageal Cancer Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. CAP Reduced the Viability of Esophageal Cancer
2.2. CAP Notably Increased RONS Level in Cell Culture Medium
2.3. CAP-Induced Long-Lasting Reactive Species Inhibited the Viability of Esophageal Cancer
2.4. Glutathione Reduced the H2O2 Level in the CAP Activated Medium
2.5. Cell Viability Decreased after Combined CAP Stimulation and Glutamine Deprivation
2.6. Combined CAP Stimulation and Glutamine Deprivation Reduced Glutathione Level
2.7. Combined CAP Stimulation and Glutamine Deprivation Improved ROS Levels
2.8. Intracellular H2O2 Increased after Combined CAP Stimulation and Glutamine Deprivation
2.9. MAD Increased after CAP Treatment Combined with Glutamine Deprivation
2.10. Apoptosis and Necrosis Increased after Combined Treatment of CAP Stimulation and Glutamine Deprivation
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Cell Culture
4.2. CAP Treatment
4.3. Cell Viability Assay
4.4. Quantification of NO2−
4.5. Quantification of NO3−
4.6. Quantification of H2O2
4.7. Quantification of Glutathione
4.8. Quantification of Intracellular ROS
4.9. Quantification of MDA
4.10. Apoptosis Assay
4.11. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Zhao, W.; Jing, X.; Wang, T.; Zhang, F. Glutamine Deprivation Synergizes the Anticancer Effects of Cold Atmospheric Plasma on Esophageal Cancer Cells. Molecules 2023, 28, 1461. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031461
Zhao W, Jing X, Wang T, Zhang F. Glutamine Deprivation Synergizes the Anticancer Effects of Cold Atmospheric Plasma on Esophageal Cancer Cells. Molecules. 2023; 28(3):1461. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031461
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhao, Wei, Xumiao Jing, Tao Wang, and Fengqiu Zhang. 2023. "Glutamine Deprivation Synergizes the Anticancer Effects of Cold Atmospheric Plasma on Esophageal Cancer Cells" Molecules 28, no. 3: 1461. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031461
APA StyleZhao, W., Jing, X., Wang, T., & Zhang, F. (2023). Glutamine Deprivation Synergizes the Anticancer Effects of Cold Atmospheric Plasma on Esophageal Cancer Cells. Molecules, 28(3), 1461. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031461