Galactooligosaccharide Mediates NF-κB Pathway to Improve Intestinal Barrier Function and Intestinal Microbiota
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. GOS Alters the Composition of the Intestinal Microbiota in Weaned Mice after Antibiotic Treatment
2.2. GOS Alters SCFA Production in the Feces of Weaned Mice after Antibiotic Treatment
2.3. GOS Improves the Intestinal Barrier and Reduces Colon Tissue Inflammation after Antibiotic Treatment
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Animals and Experimental Design
4.2. SCFA Quantification in Feces
4.3. 16S rRNA Sequence Analysis
4.4. RNA Extraction and RT-qPCR Analysis
4.5. Histomorphology and Immunohistochemistry
4.6. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
4.7. Statistical Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group | 8 Weeks | 12 Weeks | Diet | Water |
---|---|---|---|---|
C | FC | SC | normal AIN-93G | normal water |
PC | FPC | SPC | normal AIN-93G | water containing ampicillin (1 g/L) |
PL | FPL | SPL | low-dose GOS AIN-93G diet (0.5% w/w) | water containing ampicillin (1 g/L) |
PM | FPM | SPM | medium-dose GOS AIN-93G diet (2% w/w) | water containing ampicillin (1 g/L) |
PH | FPH | SPH | high-dose GOS AIN-93G diet (5% w/w) | water containing ampicillin (1 g/L) |
MC | FMC | SMC | normal AIN-93G | water containing streptomycin (1 g/L), ampicillin (1 g/L), and gentamicin (1 g/L) |
MM | FMM | SMM | medium-dose GOS AIN-93G diet (2% w/w) | water containing streptomycin (1 g/L), ampicillin (1 g/L), and gentamicin (1 g/L) |
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Xi, M.; Hao, G.; Yao, Q.; Duan, X.; Ge, W. Galactooligosaccharide Mediates NF-κB Pathway to Improve Intestinal Barrier Function and Intestinal Microbiota. Molecules 2023, 28, 7611. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28227611
Xi M, Hao G, Yao Q, Duan X, Ge W. Galactooligosaccharide Mediates NF-κB Pathway to Improve Intestinal Barrier Function and Intestinal Microbiota. Molecules. 2023; 28(22):7611. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28227611
Chicago/Turabian StyleXi, Menglu, Guo Hao, Qi Yao, Xuchang Duan, and Wupeng Ge. 2023. "Galactooligosaccharide Mediates NF-κB Pathway to Improve Intestinal Barrier Function and Intestinal Microbiota" Molecules 28, no. 22: 7611. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28227611