Adsorption of Different Ionic Types of Polyacrylamide on Montmorillonite Surface: Insight from QCM-D and Molecular Dynamic Simulation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. QCM-D Results
2.1.1. QCM-D Results of the Montmorillonite Adsorption on the Alumina Sensor
2.1.2. QCM-D Results of Polymers Adsorption on the Montmorillonite Pre-Adsorbed on the Alumina Sensor
2.1.3. QCM-D Results of the Bridging Effect of Polymers on the Montmorillonite Particles
2.2. MD Simulation Results
2.2.1. MD Simulation Results of NPAM Adsorption on Montmorillonite
2.2.2. MD Simulation Results of APAM Adsorption on Montmorillonite
2.2.3. MD Simulation Results of CPAM Adsorption on Montmorillonite
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials
3.2. Preparing the Montmorillonite Suspension
3.3. QCM-D Experiments
3.3.1. Adsorption Kinetic of the Montmorillonite on the Alumina Sensor
3.3.2. Adsorption Kinetic of Polymers on the Montmorillonite Pre-Adsorbed on the Alumina Sensor
3.4. Molecular Dynamic Simulation
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- A decreasing pH results in an increase in the adsorption mass of montmorillonite on the alumina surface. This contributes to the enhancement of the electrostatic attraction between the positive alumina surface and the negative montmorillonite particles caused by the change in the zeta potential. Considering the alumina and pre-adsorbed montmorillonite particles’ alumina surface, the adsorption mass of polymers is ranked as CPAM > NPAM >APAM.
- (2)
- Moreover, CPAM has the strongest bridging effect on montmorillonite nanoparticles, followed by NPAM, whereas APAM can hardly bridge the montmorillonite nanoparticles. The clarification test shows that when the dosage is high enough, the turbidity of CPAM is the lowest and the clarification effect is the best. This is consistent with the adsorption results from QCM-D.
- (3)
- The ionicity density has a great influence on the adsorption of polyacrylamides and their derivatives. The cationic functional group N(CH3)3+ has the strongest attraction interaction with the montmorillonite surface, followed by the hydrogen bonding interaction of the amide functional group CONH2. The anionic functional group COO- has a repulsive interaction.
- (4)
- Furthermore, CPAM with different ionicity densities can be adsorbed on the montmorillonite surface through the N(CH3)3+ and CONH2 functional groups. It is more interracially active and tends to concentrate near the montmorillonite surface than the water layer. Regarding APAM, when the ionicity is low, CONH2 is dominant, and it can be adsorbed on the montmorillonite. Although the ionicity is high, the anionic functional group is dominant; thus, the adsorption is weakened.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Polymers | Ionic Type | Ionicity Density | Molecular Weight | Code Name |
---|---|---|---|---|
Magnafloc 155 | Anionic | low (~10%) | High | APAM 10% |
Magnafloc 5250 | Anionic | Medium (~30%) [35] | High | APAM 30% |
Magnafloc 351 | Nonionic | Nano | High | NPAM |
Zetag 8110 | Cationic | Very low (~10%) | High | CPAM 10% |
Zetag 8140 | Cationic | Medium (~30%) | High | CPAM 30% |
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Ma, X.; Sun, X.; Chang, M.; Liu, Q.; Dong, X.; Fan, Y.; Chen, R. Adsorption of Different Ionic Types of Polyacrylamide on Montmorillonite Surface: Insight from QCM-D and Molecular Dynamic Simulation. Molecules 2023, 28, 4417. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28114417
Ma X, Sun X, Chang M, Liu Q, Dong X, Fan Y, Chen R. Adsorption of Different Ionic Types of Polyacrylamide on Montmorillonite Surface: Insight from QCM-D and Molecular Dynamic Simulation. Molecules. 2023; 28(11):4417. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28114417
Chicago/Turabian StyleMa, Xiaomin, Xiaosong Sun, Ming Chang, Qingxia Liu, Xianshu Dong, Yuping Fan, and Ruxia Chen. 2023. "Adsorption of Different Ionic Types of Polyacrylamide on Montmorillonite Surface: Insight from QCM-D and Molecular Dynamic Simulation" Molecules 28, no. 11: 4417. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28114417