Chemical and Antimicrobial Characterization of Mentha piperita L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. Essential Oils and In Vitro Potential Cytotoxic Effect in Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. GC-MS Analysis and Antioxidant Potential
2.2. Antimicrobial Activity
2.3. The Cytotoxic Effect of Mentha piperita L. Essential Oil
2.4. The Cytotoxic Effects of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Essential Oil
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Reagents
4.2. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Analysis
4.3. Assessment of the Antioxidant Capacity
4.4. Antimicrobial Activity
4.5. Cell Culture
4.6. Cell Viability Evaluation
4.7. Assessment of Cellular Morphology
4.8. Nuclear Staining Using Hoechst 33342 Dye
4.9. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Compounds Name | Retention Time | LRI Rep [28] | LRI Exp | Conc. (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
α-pinene (MH) | 6.375 | 1015–1030 | 1017 | 1.974 |
β-pinene (MH) | 8.652 | 1105–1108 | 1106 | 2.204 |
Thujene (MH) | 9.006 | 1022–1027 | 1023 | 0.585 |
Limonene (MH) | 11.286 | 1196–1199 | 1196 | 3.816 |
Eucalyptol (MH) | 11.504 | 1200–1211 | 1201 | 12.556 |
γ-terpinene (MH) | 12.634 | 1243 | 1247 | 0.128 |
Benzene, tert-butyl- | 13.253 | 1215–1249 | 1232 | 0.122 |
Cyclohexanone, 3-methyl-, (R)- | 14.779 | 1376–1381 | 1372 | 0.233 |
Menthone (MO) | 18.745 | 1438–1448 | 1446 | 28.970 |
Menthofuran | 19.171 | 1477–1503 | 1491 | 1.681 |
Mentha-3 ona, cis- | 19.440 | - | 1502 | 7.044 |
α-bourbonene (SH) | 20.510 | 1514–1515 | 1512 | 0.339 |
Linalool (MO) | 20.819 | 1550–1552 | 1553 | 0.144 |
Mentholacetate | 21.235 | - | 1633 | 8.436 |
Citronellol acetate | 21.721 | 1645–1662 | 1655 | 0.035 |
Germacrene (SH) | 21.895 | 1684–1702 | 1694 | 0.327 |
Caryophyllene (SH) | 22.484 | 1576–1597 | 1580 | 3.760 |
Pulegone (MO) | 23.312 | 1631 | 1640 | 0.869 |
Estragole | 23.674 | 1624–1685 | 1662 | 0.129 |
β-citral | 23.992 | 1663–1696 | 1681 | 0.775 |
α-caryophyllene (SH) | 24.220 | 1636–1670 | 1648 | 0.156 |
α-terpineol | 24.882 | 1674–1692 | 1681 | 0.288 |
Piperitone | 25.204 | 1715–1743 | 1723 | 2.686 |
β-farnesene | 25.711 | 1660–1662 | 1658 | 0.196 |
Cyclopropane, pentyl- | 26.803 | - | 1649 | 0.087 |
Menthol | 27.736 | 1618–1637 | 1620 | 22.396 |
Butanoic acid, 3,7-dimethyl-6-octenyl ester | 31.129 | 1765 | 1749 | 0.063 |
Total | 99.999 | |||
monoterpenes | 70.36 | |||
sesquiterpenes | 11.11 | |||
others | 18.52 | |||
Total | 99.99 |
Compounds Name | Retention Time | LRI Rep [28] | LRI Exp | Conc. (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
α-Pinene (MH) | 6.382 | 1015–1030 | 1022 | 12.239 |
α-Fenchene (MH) | 7.270 | 1048–1060 | 1051 | 0.032 |
Camphene (MH) | 7.512 | 1060–180 | 1077 | 5.723 |
β-Pinene (MH) | 8.657 | 1105–1108 | 1100 | 9.435 |
β-Thujene (MH) | 8.657 | 1100–1133 | 1108 | 9.709 |
Carane MH | - | - | - | N.D. |
β-trans Ocimene (MH) | 9.838 | 1232–1250 | 1240 | 0.109 |
β -Myrcene (MH) | 10.180 | 1155–1164 | 1154 | 1.546 |
α-Phellandrene (MH) | 10.180 | 1153–1168 | 1158 | 1.546 |
1,4-Cineole | - | - | - | N.D. |
Limonene (MH) | 11.307 | 1189–1205 | 1192 | 1.474 |
Eucalyptol (MH) | 11.542 | 1198–1211 | 1201 | 33.592 |
γ-Terpinene (MH) | 12.616 | 1243 | 1252 | 0.891 |
p-Cymol (MH) | 13.253 | 1261–1283 | 1268 | 1.743 |
Terpinolene (MH) | 13.685 | 1266–1274 | 1271 | 0.209 |
D-Fenchone | - | - | - | N.D. |
2-Camphanone | - | - | - | N.D. |
L-Camphor (MO) | 20.042 | 1532 | 1544 | 12.222 |
β-Linalool (MO) | 20.796 | 1531–1552 | 1538 | 0.552 |
Bornyl acetate (MO) | 21.676 | 1545–1567 | 1554 | 1.186 |
Caryophyllene SH | 22.479 | 1576–1597 | 1582 | 2.859 |
Estragole | 23.673 | 1624–1685 | 1658 | 0.151 |
α-Caryophyllene (SH) | 24.231 | 1636–1670 | 1642 | 0.335 |
α-Terpinyl acetate (MO) | 24.231 | 1676–1692 | 1680 | 0.339 |
p-menth-1-en-8-ol (MO) | 24.944 | 1692–1704 | 1701 | 2.074 |
Vinyl crotonate | - | - | - | N.D. |
Menthol | - | - | - | N.D. |
Borneol (MO) | 30.458 | 1692–1706 | 1698 | 1.999 |
Nerolidol (SO) | 30.458 | 2006 | 1998 | 0.034 |
Cinnamaldehyde | - | - | - | N.D. |
Total | 99.999 | |||
monoterpenes | 82.61 | |||
sesquiterpenes | 13.04 | |||
others | 4.34 | |||
Total | 99.99 |
Conc. µg/mL | IP (%) M_EO | IP (%) R_EO |
---|---|---|
5 | 36.52 ± 0.04 **** | 34.25 ± 0.02 **** |
10 | 37.51 ± 0.04 **** | 34.55 ± 0.03 **** |
25 | 45.00 ± 0.07 **** | 35.14 ± 0.04 **** |
50 | 52.44 ± 0.1 **** | 35.66 ± 0.04 **** |
75 | 57.38 ± 0.2 **** | 35.83 ± 0.04 **** |
100 | 58.28 ± 0.2 **** | 37.21 ± 0.04 **** |
200 | 65.89 ± 0.2 **** | 38.56 ± 0.02 **** |
Microbial Strain | Test Compound | IZ (mm) | MIC (µg/mL) | MBC (µg/mL) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Streptococcus mutans (+) | M_EO_1 | 31.67 | 1.25 | 1.25 |
M_EO_2 | 24.33 | 0.625 | 0.625 | |
M_EO_3 | 21.67 | 0.625 | 0.625 | |
R_EO_1 | 13.00 | - | - | |
R_EO_2 | 12.33 | - | - | |
R_EO_3 | 8.67 | - | - | |
Positive control (GM) | 19.67 | - | - | |
Negative control (EtOH) | 7.67 | - | - | |
Streptococcus pyogenes (+) | M_EO_1 | 33.33 | 1.25 | 1.25 |
M_EO_2 | 31.33 | 0.625 | 0.625 | |
M_EO_3 | 24.33 | 0.625 | 0.625 | |
R_EO_1 | 12.67 | - | 10 | |
R_EO_2 | 12.00 | - | - | |
R_EO_3 | 9.00 | - | - | |
Positive control (GM) | 20.67 | - | - | |
Negative control (EtOH) | 8.00 | - | - | |
Staphylococcus aureus (+) | M_EO_1 | 18.00 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
M_EO_2 | 18.00 | 1.25 | 1.25 | |
M_EO_3 | 12.00 | 1.25 | 1.25 | |
R_EO_1 | 20.00 | 2.5 | 2.5 | |
R_EO_2 | 12.00 | - | - | |
R_EO_3 | 11.67 | - | - | |
Positive control (GM) | 20 | - | - | |
Negative control (EtOH) | 7 | - | - | |
Escherichia coli (−) | M_EO_1 | 17.67 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
M_EO_2 | 17.33 | 1.25 | 1.25 | |
M_EO_3 | 15.33 | 1.25 | 1.25 | |
R_EO_1 | 18.33 | 2.5 | 2.5 | |
R_EO_2 | 11.67 | - | - | |
R_EO_3 | 11.00 | - | - | |
Positive control (GM) | 20.33 | - | - | |
Negative control (EtOH) | 7 | - | - | |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (−) | M_EO_1 | 11.33 | - | - |
M_EO_2 | 11.00 | - | - | |
M_EO_3 | 8.67 | - | - | |
R_EO_1 | 20.33 | 5 | 5 | |
R_EO_2 | 11.33 | - | - | |
R_EO_3 | 11.00 | - | - | |
Positive control (GM) | 17.67 | - | - | |
Negative control (EtOH) | 7 | - | - |
Fungi | Test Compound | IZ (mm) | MIC (µg/mL) | MFC (µg/mL) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Candida albicans | M_EO_1 | 32.33 | 1.25 | 1.25 |
M_EO_2 | 30.67 | 0.625 | 0.625 | |
M_EO_3 | 23.67 | 0.625 | 1.25 | |
R_EO_1 | 12.67 | - | - | |
R_EO_2 | 12.00 | - | - | |
R_EO_3 | 8.33 | - | - | |
Positive control (FCZ) | 17.33 | - | - | |
Negative control (EtOH) | 7 | - | - | |
Candida parapsilosis | M_EO_1 | 31.33 | 1.25 | 1.25 |
M_EO_2 | 30.33 | 0.625 | 0.625 | |
M_EO_3 | 23.00 | 0.625 | 0.625 | |
R_EO_1 | 12.33 | - | - | |
R_EO_2 | 12.33 | - | - | |
R_EO_3 | 8.00 | - | - | |
Positive control (FCZ) | 18.33 | - | - | |
Negative control (EtOH) | 7 | - | - |
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Dolghi, A.; Coricovac, D.; Dinu, S.; Pinzaru, I.; Dehelean, C.A.; Grosu, C.; Chioran, D.; Merghes, P.E.; Sarau, C.A. Chemical and Antimicrobial Characterization of Mentha piperita L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. Essential Oils and In Vitro Potential Cytotoxic Effect in Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells. Molecules 2022, 27, 6106. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27186106
Dolghi A, Coricovac D, Dinu S, Pinzaru I, Dehelean CA, Grosu C, Chioran D, Merghes PE, Sarau CA. Chemical and Antimicrobial Characterization of Mentha piperita L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. Essential Oils and In Vitro Potential Cytotoxic Effect in Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells. Molecules. 2022; 27(18):6106. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27186106
Chicago/Turabian StyleDolghi, Alina, Dorina Coricovac, Stefania Dinu, Iulia Pinzaru, Cristina Adriana Dehelean, Cristina Grosu, Doina Chioran, Petru Eugen Merghes, and Cristian Andrei Sarau. 2022. "Chemical and Antimicrobial Characterization of Mentha piperita L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. Essential Oils and In Vitro Potential Cytotoxic Effect in Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells" Molecules 27, no. 18: 6106. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27186106