Indoxyl Sulfate Induces Oxidative Changes in Plasma and Hemolysate
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Chemicals
4.2. Hemolysate and Plasma Preparation
4.3. Carbonyl Group Content
4.4. Amino Group Content
4.5. Thiol Group Content
4.6. Thiobarbituric-Acid-Reactive Substances Content
4.7. Total Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity
4.8. Catalase Activity
4.9. Superoxide Dismutase Activity
4.10. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
CAT | catalase. |
CKD | chronic kidney disease. |
DPPH | 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. |
Hb | hemoglobin. |
HUVEC | human umbilical vein endothelial cells. |
IS | indoxyl sulfate. |
NEAC | non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity. |
RBC | erythrocytes. |
ROS | reactive oxygen species. |
SOD | superoxide dismutase. |
TBARS | thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. |
TPTZ | ferric-2,4,6-tripyridyl-s-triazine. |
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Pieniazek, A.; Kopera, M.; Gwozdzinski, L.; Gwozdzinski, K. Indoxyl Sulfate Induces Oxidative Changes in Plasma and Hemolysate. Molecules 2022, 27, 3848. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27123848
Pieniazek A, Kopera M, Gwozdzinski L, Gwozdzinski K. Indoxyl Sulfate Induces Oxidative Changes in Plasma and Hemolysate. Molecules. 2022; 27(12):3848. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27123848
Chicago/Turabian StylePieniazek, Anna, Michal Kopera, Lukasz Gwozdzinski, and Krzysztof Gwozdzinski. 2022. "Indoxyl Sulfate Induces Oxidative Changes in Plasma and Hemolysate" Molecules 27, no. 12: 3848. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27123848