Characterization of Different Salt Forms of Chitooligosaccharides and Their Effects on Nitric Oxide Secretion by Macrophages
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Morphology of Chitooligosaccharide and Its Salts
2.2. FTIR Analysis of Chitooligosaccharide and Its Salts
2.3. 1HNMR and 13CNMR Spectroscopy Analysis of Chitooligosaccharide and Its Salts
2.4. XRD Analysis of Chitooligosaccharide and Its Salts
2.5. Thermal Behavior Analysis of Chitooligosaccharide and Its Salts
2.6. Cell Viability
2.7. The Effects of Chitooligosaccharide and Its Salts on Nitric Oxide (NO) Secretion
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials
3.2. Methods
3.2.1. Preparation of Chitooligosaccharides with Different Salt Forms
3.2.2. Characterization Methods
3.3. Cell Culture
3.4. Cell Viability Assay
3.5. Determination of Nitric Oxide (NO) Production in RAW 264.7 Cells
3.6. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Number | Content of Chitosan (g) | Acid Species | Acid Concentration | Yield (%) | Molecular Weight (Da) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 5 | acetic acid | 2% | 110 | 981 |
2 | 5 | hydrochloric acid | 2% | 104 | 1230 |
3 | 5 | citric acid | 5% | 182 | 3039 |
4 | 5 | malic acid | 3% | 136 | 867 |
5 | 5 | tartaric acid | 4% | 148 | 1780 |
6 | 5 | adipic acid | 2% | 100 | 1089 |
7 | 5 | succinic acid | 2% | 140 | 1030 |
8 | 5 | acetylsalicylic acid | 5% | 162 | 1799 |
9 | 5 | lactic acid | 4% | 114 | 1137 |
10 | 5 | glutamic acid | 3% | 146 | 1020 |
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Xing, R.; Xu, C.; Gao, K.; Yang, H.; Liu, Y.; Fan, Z.; Liu, S.; Qin, Y.; Yu, H.; Li, P. Characterization of Different Salt Forms of Chitooligosaccharides and Their Effects on Nitric Oxide Secretion by Macrophages. Molecules 2021, 26, 2563. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092563
Xing R, Xu C, Gao K, Yang H, Liu Y, Fan Z, Liu S, Qin Y, Yu H, Li P. Characterization of Different Salt Forms of Chitooligosaccharides and Their Effects on Nitric Oxide Secretion by Macrophages. Molecules. 2021; 26(9):2563. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092563
Chicago/Turabian StyleXing, Ronge, Chaojie Xu, Kun Gao, Haoyue Yang, Yongliang Liu, Zhaoqian Fan, Song Liu, Yukun Qin, Huahua Yu, and Pengcheng Li. 2021. "Characterization of Different Salt Forms of Chitooligosaccharides and Their Effects on Nitric Oxide Secretion by Macrophages" Molecules 26, no. 9: 2563. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092563