Applications of Hyaluronic Acid in Ophthalmology and Contact Lenses
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. HA Identification and Quantification Methods
3. Applications of HA in Ophthalmology
3.1. HA in Artifical Tears and Eye Drops
3.2. In Situ Forming Hydrogel
3.3. HA-Modified Nanoparticles
3.4. HA Application in Intravitreal Injections
3.5. Tissue Engineering
Ophthalmology Application | Target | HA Function |
---|---|---|
Artificial tear and eye drop | Ocular surface | 1. Increase the moisture retention [60,64,65,66,67] 2. Better tear film stability, ocular surface regularity, and quantity of conjunctival goblet cells [68] 3. Anti-inflammatory effect [64,69] 4. Protect corneal cell dehydration [70] 5. Increase tear film thickness [71] 6. Improve dry eye patients’ conjunctival epithelium oxidative stress [72] 7. Have more effective treatment [73] 8. To reduce the DES symptom [67,75,76] 9. As DES pharmaceutical vehicle [77] 10. Heal wound [41,70] 11. Sustain ocular surface lubricated [74,78] |
In situ gel | Ocular surface | 1. Adjust the viscosity and degradation time [57,79,80,81,82,83] 2. Increase the lower critical solution temperature for thermosensitive in situ gel [79] 3. Help the drug absorption and drug delivery [80,81] 4. Provide better eye comfort [82] |
Nanoparticles | Ocular surface and Retinal | 1. Better lubricating, ocular residence time, and drug absorption [85,86,89,90] 2. Increase mucoadhesion [89] 3. Increase cellular targeting by CD44 [57,89,90] 4. Decrease surfactant toxicity [94] |
Intravitreal injection | Vitreous humor | 1. Increase cellular targeting by CD44 [95,102] 2. Biocompatibility and biodegradable for vitreous humor substitute [100,106,107,108] |
Tissue engineering | Corneal | 1. Benefit of cell growth and wound healing [110,114] |
4. Applications of HA on Contact Lenses
4.1. HA-Modified Contact Lenses Exhibit Enhanced Comfort
4.2. HA Adsorption and Desorption on Contact Lenses
4.3. HA Release on Contact Lenses
4.4. Application of HA in Medical Lenses
Application | HA Attach Contact Lens Manner | Release Time | Other Drugs |
---|---|---|---|
Comfortability | Surface modification | - | - |
Moisturization | Immerse in HA-contain solution | - | - |
molecule of treatment dry eye | Immerse contact lens in HA-contain drug solution or incorporate in contact lens | 24 h (6 μg/h) [126], 48 h [124] and 96 h [125], 15 days [123] | - |
Wetting or comfort agent | 96 h [128] and at least 3 weeks [127] | Timolol [128,130] Bimatoprost [130] | |
Drug release control | 2 [132] and 6 [131] days | Ciprofloxacin-HCl and dexamethasone phosphate [131] Timolol [132] | |
Cell adhesion for corneal damage repair | HA-contain film coating in contact lens inner surface | - | - |
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Analysis Method | Hyaluronic Acid Characterization | Sample | Linear Range | LOD | Detection Range |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
FTIR | 1. 3412–3435 cm−1 (O-H and N-H stretching) 2. 2916-2919 cm−1 (C-H stretching) 3. 1632–1653 cm−1 (amide I), 1553–1563 cm−1 (amide II), 1320 cm−1 (amide III) 4. 1617 cm−1 (asymmetric C=O stretching) 5. 1411–1416 cm−1 (symmetric C-O stretching) 6. 1150 cm−1 (O-bridge of C-O-C group), 1079 cm−1 (C-O, C-C groups), 1042 cm−1 (C-OH group) [15,16,17] | 2 mg [44,45] | - | - | - |
CD | 1. 183 nm (carboxyl π–π* transition). 2. 187 nm (π–π* transition of GlcNAc) 3. 210 nm (π–π* transition carboxyl group) [15] | 0.5 mg/mL [15] | - | - | - |
UV-Vis | 1. ~210 nm (carbonyl-or carboxyl groups) [43] 2. 265 nm (double bond) [13,17] | 0.5–2 mg/mL [13,15] | - | - | - |
NMR | 1. 25, 57, 63, 71, 76, 79, 83, 85, 103, 106, 177 ppm (13C) [45] 2. 171 ppm (carboxylate carbon), 175 ppm (acetamido carbonyl carbon (13C) [13] 3. 1.89 (CH3-group), 3.70 (CH2-group), 3.69 (NH-group), 4.3–4.4 (OH-group) ppm (1H) [56] | - | - | - | - |
Carbazole | 516 [56] or 540 nm [44] | - | - | - | 0.03–1.7 g/L [44] or 6–10 g/L [56] |
ELISA | 450 nm [50] | - | - | - | 150–250 ng⁄µg [50] |
Gel EP | 1. 515 nm (ANTS-label) [18] 2. Alcian blue with silver and Stains-all stain [44,47] | - | ~25–500 kDa [44,47] | - | 4–20-mer [18] |
Membrane EP | Polysaccharides in Alcian blue stain [50] | - | - | - | - |
CE | 200 nm [51,53], 195 nm [52] | - | 50–150 ppm [52] or 0.02–3.0 ppm [53] | 1 ppm [52] 9 ppm [53] | - |
HPLC coupled with MALS | - | 0.05–0.1 mg [14,47] | - | - | 75–1000 kDa [15] or 510 kDa [51] |
HPLC coupled with VD | - | 0.1 mg [14] | - | - | 470–1600 (mL/g) [14] |
HPLC coupled with RID | - | 0.1–2 mg [13,14,43] | 270–2000 kDa [43] | - | 60–23,000 kDa [13] or 180–1100 kDa [14] |
HPLC coupled with FL | λex = 428 nm, λem = 525 nm [46] | - | 1.6–47 μg [46] | 2.7 ng [46] | - |
HPLC coupled with MS | Positive ionization mode [48,49] Negative ionization mode [46,54] | - | 0.5–500 pmol [54] or 0.01–1.0 mg/mL [48] | 0.6 g/mL [49] 0.1 ppm [48] | - |
HPLC coupled with UV | 205 nm [55] | - | 0.01–0.15 mg/mL [55] | 0.45 ppm [55] | - |
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Chang, W.-H.; Liu, P.-Y.; Lin, M.-H.; Lu, C.-J.; Chou, H.-Y.; Nian, C.-Y.; Jiang, Y.-T.; Hsu, Y.-H.H. Applications of Hyaluronic Acid in Ophthalmology and Contact Lenses. Molecules 2021, 26, 2485. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092485
Chang W-H, Liu P-Y, Lin M-H, Lu C-J, Chou H-Y, Nian C-Y, Jiang Y-T, Hsu Y-HH. Applications of Hyaluronic Acid in Ophthalmology and Contact Lenses. Molecules. 2021; 26(9):2485. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092485
Chicago/Turabian StyleChang, Wan-Hsin, Pei-Yi Liu, Min-Hsuan Lin, Chien-Ju Lu, Hsuan-Yi Chou, Chih-Yu Nian, Yuan-Ting Jiang, and Yuan-Hao Howard Hsu. 2021. "Applications of Hyaluronic Acid in Ophthalmology and Contact Lenses" Molecules 26, no. 9: 2485. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092485
APA StyleChang, W.-H., Liu, P.-Y., Lin, M.-H., Lu, C.-J., Chou, H.-Y., Nian, C.-Y., Jiang, Y.-T., & Hsu, Y.-H. H. (2021). Applications of Hyaluronic Acid in Ophthalmology and Contact Lenses. Molecules, 26(9), 2485. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092485