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Article

The Effects of Andrographolide on the Enhancement of Chondrogenesis and Osteogenesis in Human Suprapatellar Fat Pad Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

by
Thitianan Kulsirirat
1,
Sittisak Honsawek
2,
Mariko Takeda-Morishita
3,
Nuttanan Sinchaipanid
4,
Wanvisa Udomsinprasert
5,
Jiraporn Leanpolchareanchai
1 and
Korbtham Sathirakul
1,*
1
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
2
Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeleton Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
3
Laboratory of Drug Delivery Systems, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8586, Japan
4
Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
5
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2021, 26(7), 1831; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26071831
Submission received: 22 February 2021 / Revised: 17 March 2021 / Accepted: 22 March 2021 / Published: 24 March 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Small Molecules in Drug Discovery and Pharmacology)
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Abstract

Andrographolide is a labdane diterpenoid herb, which is isolated from the leaves of Andrographis paniculata, and widely used for its potential medical properties. However, there are no reports on the effects of andrographolide on the human suprapatellar fat pad of osteoarthritis patients. In the present study, our goal was to evaluate the innovative effects of andrographolide on viability and Tri-lineage differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells from suprapatellar fat pad tissues. The results revealed that andrographolide had no cytotoxic effects when the concentration was less than 12.5 µM. Interestingly, andrographolide had significantly enhanced, dose dependent, osteogenesis and chondrogenesis as evidenced by a significantly intensified stain for Alizarin Red S, Toluidine Blue and Alcian Blue. Moreover, andrographolide can upregulate the expression of genes related to osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation, including Runx2, OPN, Sox9, and Aggrecan in mesenchymal stem cells from human suprapatellar fat pad tissues. In contrast, andrographolide suppressed adipogenic differentiation as evidenced by significantly diminished Oil Red O staining and expression levels for adipogenic-specific genes for PPAR-γ2 and LPL. These findings confirm that andrographolide can specifically enhance osteogenesis and chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells from human suprapatellar fat pad tissues. It has potential as a therapeutic agent derived from natural sources for regenerative medicine.
Keywords: mesenchymal stem cells; suprapatellar fat pad; andrographolide; osteoarthritis; regenerative medicine mesenchymal stem cells; suprapatellar fat pad; andrographolide; osteoarthritis; regenerative medicine

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kulsirirat, T.; Honsawek, S.; Takeda-Morishita, M.; Sinchaipanid, N.; Udomsinprasert, W.; Leanpolchareanchai, J.; Sathirakul, K. The Effects of Andrographolide on the Enhancement of Chondrogenesis and Osteogenesis in Human Suprapatellar Fat Pad Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Molecules 2021, 26, 1831. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26071831

AMA Style

Kulsirirat T, Honsawek S, Takeda-Morishita M, Sinchaipanid N, Udomsinprasert W, Leanpolchareanchai J, Sathirakul K. The Effects of Andrographolide on the Enhancement of Chondrogenesis and Osteogenesis in Human Suprapatellar Fat Pad Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Molecules. 2021; 26(7):1831. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26071831

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kulsirirat, Thitianan, Sittisak Honsawek, Mariko Takeda-Morishita, Nuttanan Sinchaipanid, Wanvisa Udomsinprasert, Jiraporn Leanpolchareanchai, and Korbtham Sathirakul. 2021. "The Effects of Andrographolide on the Enhancement of Chondrogenesis and Osteogenesis in Human Suprapatellar Fat Pad Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells" Molecules 26, no. 7: 1831. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26071831

APA Style

Kulsirirat, T., Honsawek, S., Takeda-Morishita, M., Sinchaipanid, N., Udomsinprasert, W., Leanpolchareanchai, J., & Sathirakul, K. (2021). The Effects of Andrographolide on the Enhancement of Chondrogenesis and Osteogenesis in Human Suprapatellar Fat Pad Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Molecules, 26(7), 1831. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26071831

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