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Article

Comparative Study of Volatile Compounds and Expression of Related Genes in Fruit from Two Apple Cultivars during Different Developmental Stages

by
Shuaishuai Feng
1,2,3,†,
Chengtai Yan
1,2,†,
Tianhao Zhang
1,2,
Miaomiao Ji
1,2,
Ru Tao
1,2 and
Hua Gao
1,2,*
1
State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
2
Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
3
Pomology Institute, Zibo Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zibo 255000, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Molecules 2021, 26(6), 1553; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061553
Submission received: 6 February 2021 / Revised: 1 March 2021 / Accepted: 2 March 2021 / Published: 12 March 2021
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Abstract

Aromatic volatile compounds are important contributors to fruit quality that vary among different cultivars. Herein, headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to determine changes in volatile compounds and related gene expression patterns in “Ruixue” and “Fuji” apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) during fruit development and maturation. Volatile compounds detected in the fruit of both cultivars exhibited similar trends across different developmental stages. In the early stages of “Ruixue” fruit development (60 days after full bloom), there were fewer volatile compounds, mainly aldehydes (87.0%). During fruit maturation (180 days after full bloom), the types and amounts of volatile compounds increased, mainly including esters (37.6%), and alkenes (23.2%). The total volatile concentration, the types of major volatile compounds, and their relative content in both cultivars varied across different stages. Gene expression analysis indicated that the upregulation of MdLOX, MdAAT2, and MdADH3 was associated with increased aroma compound content, especially esters, during fruit development in both cultivars. Changes in the expression of MdArAT, MdACPD, MdADH3, MdAAT2, and MdLOX may lead to differences in volatile compounds between apple cultivars.
Keywords: apple cultivars; fruit development; fruit maturation; volatile compounds; esters; gene expression apple cultivars; fruit development; fruit maturation; volatile compounds; esters; gene expression

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MDPI and ACS Style

Feng, S.; Yan, C.; Zhang, T.; Ji, M.; Tao, R.; Gao, H. Comparative Study of Volatile Compounds and Expression of Related Genes in Fruit from Two Apple Cultivars during Different Developmental Stages. Molecules 2021, 26, 1553. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061553

AMA Style

Feng S, Yan C, Zhang T, Ji M, Tao R, Gao H. Comparative Study of Volatile Compounds and Expression of Related Genes in Fruit from Two Apple Cultivars during Different Developmental Stages. Molecules. 2021; 26(6):1553. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061553

Chicago/Turabian Style

Feng, Shuaishuai, Chengtai Yan, Tianhao Zhang, Miaomiao Ji, Ru Tao, and Hua Gao. 2021. "Comparative Study of Volatile Compounds and Expression of Related Genes in Fruit from Two Apple Cultivars during Different Developmental Stages" Molecules 26, no. 6: 1553. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061553

APA Style

Feng, S., Yan, C., Zhang, T., Ji, M., Tao, R., & Gao, H. (2021). Comparative Study of Volatile Compounds and Expression of Related Genes in Fruit from Two Apple Cultivars during Different Developmental Stages. Molecules, 26(6), 1553. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061553

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