Lignins Isolated via Catalyst-Free Organosolv Pulping from Miscanthus x giganteus, M. sinensis, M. robustus and M. nagara: A Comparative Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Biomass Leaf-To-Stem Ratio, Chemical Composition, Lignin and Ash Content
2.1. Leave-To-Stem Ratio and Chemical Composition of the Miscanthus Biomass
2.2. Dry Matter
2.3. Ash Content
3. Structure of the Isolated Miscanthus-Derived Lignins
3.1. Monolignol Ratio Accoroding to NMR Spectroscopy
3.2. Interunit Linkages Accoroding to NMR-Spectroscopy
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Lignin Isolation using a Catalyst-free Organosolv Process
4.2. Chemical Composition of the Biomasses
4.3. HSQC NMR Analyses
5. Conclusions
6. Future Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Genotyp | Gig17 | Gig34 | Gig35 | NagG10 | Sin2 | Rob4 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AIL (%) | 20.6 ± 0.5 | 21.1 ± 0.3 | 19.4 ± 0.9 | 17.6 ± 0.4 | 18.6 ± 0.0 | 18.8 ± 0.1 |
ASL (%) | 5.1 ± 0.3 | 4.1 ± 0.0 | 5.1 ± 0.0 | 4.9 ± 0.0 | 6.0 ± 0.2 | 5.7 ± 0.0 |
AIR (%) | 21.8 ± 0.5 | 22.1 ± 0.4 | 20.2 ± 1.2 | 19.2 ± 0.2 | 19.5 ± 0.0 | 19.8 ± 0.1 |
Total lignin (%) | 25.5 ± 0.5 | 25.3 ± 0.5 | 24.6 ± 0.8 | 22.5 ± 0.4 | 24.6 ± 0.2 | 24.5 ± 0.1 |
Ash (%) | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 1.6 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.0 | 1.0 ± 0.1 |
Glucan (%) | 44.8 ± 1.5 | 45.0 ± 2.3 | 48.5 ± 1.1 | 46.3 ± 2.5 | 43.6 ± 0.3 | 41.54 ± 0.2 |
Xylan (%) | 28.4 ± 1.8 | 29.5 ± 0.6 | 29.4 ± 0.6 | 29.6 ± 1.1 | 28.2 ± 0.4 | 26.5 ± 0.5 |
Galactan (%) | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.4 ± 0.6 | 1.1 ± 0.0 |
Arabinan (%) | 3.1 ± 0.0 | 4.1 ± 1.6 | 3.6 ± 0.3 | 4.7 ± 0.1 | 4.4 ± 0.0 | 3.6 ± 0,0 |
Mannan (%) | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 2.3 ± 0.0 | 2.3 ± 0,0 |
Dry matter (%) | 92.5 | 91.2 | 91.2 | 91.4 | 91.9 | 92.6 |
Total ash (%) | 4.5 | 6.8 | 5.2 | 6.4 | 5.4 | 5.8 |
Genotype | Gig17 | Gig34 | Gig35 | NagG10 | Sin2 | Rob4 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AIL (%) | 21.2 ± 0.0 | 21.0 ± 0.4 | 22.0 ± 0.1 | 21.3 ± 0.1 | 19.2 ± 0.1 | 19.2 ± 0.1 |
ASL (%) | 4.7 ± 0.3 | 4.3 ± 0.0 | 5.0 ± 0.1 | 4.5 ± 0.1 | 5.7 ± 0.0 | 5.3 ± 0.2 |
AIR (%) | 22.4 ± 0.2 | 22.3 ± 0.6 | 22.5 ± 0.1 | 21.8 ± 0.1 | 19.8 ± 0.2 | 19.8 ± 0.1 |
Total lignin (%) | 26.0 ± 0.4 | 25.2 ± 0.4 | 27.0 ± 0.2 | 25.8 ± 0.1 | 24.9 ± 0.1 | 24.5 ± 0.1 |
Ash (%) | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 0.6 ± 0.0 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.1 |
Glucan (%) | 50 ± 0.6 | 50.5 ± 0.9 | 49.6 ± 0.4 | 47.1 ± 1.4 | 48.2 ± 3.0 | 45.7 ± 0.3 |
Xylan (%) | 27.4 ± 2.8 | 26.2 ± 0.5 | 23.6 ± 0.0 | 23.9 ± 0.5 | 28.7 ± 1.7 | 25.6 ± 0.3 |
Galactan (%) | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.2 ± 0.4 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 |
Arabinan (%) | 1.9 ± 0.5 | 2.0 ± 0.3 | 1.8 ± 0.4 | 1.8 ± 1.6 | 2.9 ± 0.2 | 2.1 ± 0.2 |
Mannan (%) | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 1.1 ± 1.6 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 2.3 ± 0.1 | 2.3 ± 0.0 |
Dry matter (%) | 92.2 | 92.2 | 92.1 | 93.0 | 92.8 | 92.7 |
Total ash (%) | 2.5 | 3.1 | 2.4 | 1.8 | 3.4 | 2.2 |
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Bergs, M.; Monakhova, Y.; Diehl, B.W.; Konow, C.; Völkering, G.; Pude, R.; Schulze, M. Lignins Isolated via Catalyst-Free Organosolv Pulping from Miscanthus x giganteus, M. sinensis, M. robustus and M. nagara: A Comparative Study. Molecules 2021, 26, 842. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26040842
Bergs M, Monakhova Y, Diehl BW, Konow C, Völkering G, Pude R, Schulze M. Lignins Isolated via Catalyst-Free Organosolv Pulping from Miscanthus x giganteus, M. sinensis, M. robustus and M. nagara: A Comparative Study. Molecules. 2021; 26(4):842. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26040842
Chicago/Turabian StyleBergs, Michel, Yulia Monakhova, Bernd W. Diehl, Christopher Konow, Georg Völkering, Ralf Pude, and Margit Schulze. 2021. "Lignins Isolated via Catalyst-Free Organosolv Pulping from Miscanthus x giganteus, M. sinensis, M. robustus and M. nagara: A Comparative Study" Molecules 26, no. 4: 842. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26040842