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Review

Therapeutic Intervention of COVID-19 by Natural Products: A Population-Specific Survey Directed Approach

by
Christian R. Gomez
1,2,3,*,
Ingrid Espinoza
3,4,
Fazlay S. Faruque
4,
Md. Mahbub Hasan
5,
Khondaker Miraz Rahman
5,
Larry A. Walker
6 and
Ilias Muhammad
6,*
1
Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216, USA
2
Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216, USA
3
Center for Clinical and Translational Science (CCTS), University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy (UMSOP) & University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216, USA
4
Department of Preventive Medicine, John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216, USA
5
Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
6
National Center for Natural Product Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2021, 26(4), 1191; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26041191
Submission received: 20 January 2021 / Revised: 13 February 2021 / Accepted: 20 February 2021 / Published: 23 February 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Products Chemists: Leaving Our Lab in Covid-19 Emergency)
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Abstract

To date very few promising leads from natural products (NP) secondary metabolites with antiviral and immunomodulatory properties have been identified for promising/potential intervention for COVID-19. Using in-silico docking studies and genome based various molecular targets, and their in vitro anti-SARS CoV-2 activities against whole cell and/or selected protein targets, we select a few compounds of interest, which can be used as potential leads to counteract effects of uncontrolled innate immune responses, in particular those related to the cytokine storm. A critical factor for prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection relates to factors independent of viral infection or host response. They include population-related variables such as concurrent comorbidities and genetic factors critically relevant to COVID-19 health disparities. We discuss population risk factors related to SARS-CoV-2. In addition, we focus on virulence related to glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDd), the most common human enzymopathy. Review of data on the response of individuals and communities with high prevalence of G6PDd to NP, prompts us to propose the rationale for a population-specific management approach to rationalize design of therapeutic interventions of SARS-CoV-2 infection, based on use of NP. This strategy may lead to personalized approaches and improve disease-related outcomes.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; cytokine storm; natural product; in-silico docking; G6PD; disparities; risk factors; life style variables COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; cytokine storm; natural product; in-silico docking; G6PD; disparities; risk factors; life style variables
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MDPI and ACS Style

Gomez, C.R.; Espinoza, I.; Faruque, F.S.; Hasan, M.M.; Rahman, K.M.; Walker, L.A.; Muhammad, I. Therapeutic Intervention of COVID-19 by Natural Products: A Population-Specific Survey Directed Approach. Molecules 2021, 26, 1191. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26041191

AMA Style

Gomez CR, Espinoza I, Faruque FS, Hasan MM, Rahman KM, Walker LA, Muhammad I. Therapeutic Intervention of COVID-19 by Natural Products: A Population-Specific Survey Directed Approach. Molecules. 2021; 26(4):1191. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26041191

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gomez, Christian R., Ingrid Espinoza, Fazlay S. Faruque, Md. Mahbub Hasan, Khondaker Miraz Rahman, Larry A. Walker, and Ilias Muhammad. 2021. "Therapeutic Intervention of COVID-19 by Natural Products: A Population-Specific Survey Directed Approach" Molecules 26, no. 4: 1191. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26041191

APA Style

Gomez, C. R., Espinoza, I., Faruque, F. S., Hasan, M. M., Rahman, K. M., Walker, L. A., & Muhammad, I. (2021). Therapeutic Intervention of COVID-19 by Natural Products: A Population-Specific Survey Directed Approach. Molecules, 26(4), 1191. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26041191

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