Synthesis of Ammonium-Based Ionic Liquids for the Extraction Process of a Natural Pigment (Betanin)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Synthesis of Ammonium-Based ILs
2.2. Selection of the Best IL System to Absorb the Molecular Structure of Betanin from an Aqueous Solution
2.3. Calculation of Distribution Coefficients in the Biphasic Systems (KIL’s/W)
2.4. Aqueous-Based Biphasic System (ILs and Kosmotropic Salts) in the Desorption Process
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. General
3.2. IL synthesis and Characterization
3.3. Extraction Tests of Banin
3.4. Desorption Process
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Structure | Name | Abbreviation | Yields |
---|---|---|---|
Trihexylmethylammoniumadipate | [THMA]+[ADI]− | 85% | |
Trioctylmethylammoniumadipate | [TOMA]+[ADI]− | 89% | |
Trihexylmethylammoniumfumarate | [THMA]+[FUM]− | 84% | |
Trioctylmethylammoniumfumarate | [TOMA]+[FUM]− | 86% | |
Trihexylmethylammoniumsalicylate | [THMA]+[SAL]− | 85% | |
Trioctylmethylammoniumsalicylate | [TOMA]+[SAL]− | 88% | |
Trihexylmethylammoniumtartarate | [THMA]+[TAR]− | 84% | |
Trioctylmethylammoniumtartarate | [TOMA]+[TAR]− | 87% | |
Tributylmethylammoniumhexanoate | [TBMA]+[HEX]− | 84% |
[TOMA]+[ADI]−/[TBMA]+[HEX]− Per Step (mmol) | Steps | Pex | Betanin Recovery (mmol) (10−3) | Total, Betanin Recovery (mmol) (10−3) Ptex (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
0.30 | 1 | 49.91% | 0.70 | |
2 | 48.67% | 0.36 | 1.04 74.30% | |
0.60 | 1 | 57.35% | 0.60 | |
2 | 43.67% | 0.25 | 1.15 82.40% |
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Morales-García, P.; Calvillo-Muñoz, E.Y.; Lijanova, I.V.; Likhanova, N.V.; Olivares-Xometl, O.; Arellanes-Lozada, P. Synthesis of Ammonium-Based Ionic Liquids for the Extraction Process of a Natural Pigment (Betanin). Molecules 2021, 26, 5458. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26185458
Morales-García P, Calvillo-Muñoz EY, Lijanova IV, Likhanova NV, Olivares-Xometl O, Arellanes-Lozada P. Synthesis of Ammonium-Based Ionic Liquids for the Extraction Process of a Natural Pigment (Betanin). Molecules. 2021; 26(18):5458. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26185458
Chicago/Turabian StyleMorales-García, Pedro, Evelyn Y. Calvillo-Muñoz, Irina V. Lijanova, Natalya V. Likhanova, Octavio Olivares-Xometl, and Paulina Arellanes-Lozada. 2021. "Synthesis of Ammonium-Based Ionic Liquids for the Extraction Process of a Natural Pigment (Betanin)" Molecules 26, no. 18: 5458. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26185458