Identification of Phlorotannins in the Brown Algae, Saccharina latissima and Ascophyllum nodosum by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to High-Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Single Step Ethanol/Water Extraction from S. latissima
2.2. Ethanol/Water Extraction from S. latissima and A. nodosum Combined with a Two-Step Purification by Solid Phase Extraction (SPE)
2.3. Identification of Phlorotannins by UHPLC/HRMS2
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials
3.2. Solvent Extraction
3.2.1. Extraction of Phlorotannins by Water
3.2.2. Extraction of Phlorotannins by Ethanol
3.3. Two-Step Purification of Phlorotannins by Solid Phase Extraction (SPE)
3.4. Analytical Procedures
3.4.1. Determination of Total Phenolic Content (TPC)
3.4.2. Qualitative Analysis of Phlorotannins by UHPLC-UV/Vis
3.4.3. Sugar Analysis
3.4.4. Analysis of Phlorotannins by UHPLC/MS2
3.4.5. Identification of Phlorotannins from the UHPLC/MS2 Analysis
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Species | Detected [M − H]− | Theoretical [M − H]− | Mass Difference (mDa) | RT (min) | Chemical Formula (Neutral) | RDB | Detected MS2 Fragments and Proposed Neutral Losses | Identification Confidence Level |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A. nodosum | 389.0509 | 389.0501 | −0.8 | 21.03 | C18H14O10 | 12.0 | 343.04 (−CO, −H2O); 315.02 (−2 × CO, −H2O); 264.02 (−C6H5O3); 249.02 (−C6H4O4) | 2 |
497.0719 | 497.0720 | 0.1 | 9.72 | C24H18O12 | 16.0 | 479.20 (−H2O); 413.02 (−3 × CO); 373.07 (−C6H4O3); 371.03 (−C6H6O3); 353.01 (−C6H6O3, −H2O); 265.01 (−C12H8O5); 229.13 (−C12H8O5, −2 × H2O) | 2 | |
621.0875 | 621.0881 | −0.6 | 19.56 | C30H22O15 | 20.0 | 495.10 (−C6H6O3); 371.04 (−C12H10O6) | 2 * | |
745.1026 | 745.1041 | 1.5 | 12.17 | C36H26O18 | 24.0 | 4 | ||
S. latissima | 265.0352 | 265.0348 | −0.4 | 6.43 | C12H10O7 | 8.0 | 4 |
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Sardari, R.R.R.; Prothmann, J.; Gregersen, O.; Turner, C.; Nordberg Karlsson, E. Identification of Phlorotannins in the Brown Algae, Saccharina latissima and Ascophyllum nodosum by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to High-Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2021, 26, 43. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26010043
Sardari RRR, Prothmann J, Gregersen O, Turner C, Nordberg Karlsson E. Identification of Phlorotannins in the Brown Algae, Saccharina latissima and Ascophyllum nodosum by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to High-Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Molecules. 2021; 26(1):43. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26010043
Chicago/Turabian StyleSardari, Roya R. R., Jens Prothmann, Olavur Gregersen, Charlotta Turner, and Eva Nordberg Karlsson. 2021. "Identification of Phlorotannins in the Brown Algae, Saccharina latissima and Ascophyllum nodosum by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to High-Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry" Molecules 26, no. 1: 43. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26010043