Targeting TGF-β-Mediated SMAD Signaling Pathway via Novel Recombinant Cytotoxin II: A Potent Protein from Naja naja oxiana Venom in Melanoma
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. The Expression and Characterizing of Protein Interest
2.2. Mapping of IgG-Binding Epitopes
2.3. Cell Viability
2.4. The mRNA Expression Levels of Caspase-8 and Caspase-9 and MMP-3 after Treatment by rCTII
2.5. The mRNA Expression Levels of SMAD-Dependent TGF-β Signaling-Related Genes after Treatment by rCTII
2.6. The Expression Level of miR-214 (melano-miR) after Treating with rCTII
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Bacterial Strain and Cell Culture
4.2. The Expression and Purification of CTII in SHuffle® T7 Express
4.3. Cleavage of SUMO Fusions, Quantification of rCTII, and SDS-PAGE
4.4. The Epitope Mapping of Cytotoxin-II
4.5. Proliferation Assay
4.6. RNA Extraction, cDNA Synthesis, and qRT-PCR
4.7. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: Samples of the compounds and their related data are available from Prof. Behzad Baradaran and Dr. Hossein Safarpour and could be published only with their Authorization. |
Method | Region | Residues | Length | Color | Epitope |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bepipred Linear Epitope Prediction | 1–5 | LKCKK | 5 | Green | - |
6–16 | LVPLFYKTCPA | 10 | Purple | yes | |
17–18 | GK | 2 | Green | - | |
19–44 | NLCYKMFMVSNLTVPVKRGCIDVCPK | 26 | Yellow | yes | |
45–60 | SSLLVKYVCCNTDKCN | 15 | Green | - |
Primers | Sequences (5′→3′) |
---|---|
Caspase-8 | CTGGTCTGAAGGCTGGTTGTT GTGACCAACTCAAGGGCTCAG |
Caspase-9 | CCTTCCTCTCTTCATCTCCTGCT TTGCTGTGAGTCCCATTGGT |
SMAD2 | AAGGGTGGGGAGCAGAATAC CTTGAGCAACGCACTGAAGG |
SMAD3 | ACTACATCGGAGGGGAGGTC GGGTCAACTGGTAGACAGCC |
MMP-3 | TACTGGAGATTTGATGAGAAGAG TACAGATTCACGCTCAAGTTCC |
18S rRNA | CTACCACATCCAAGGAAGGCA TTTTTCGTACTACCTCCCCG |
miR-214 | AACAAGACAGCAGGCACAGA GTCGTATCCAGTGCAGGGT SL: GTCGTATCCAGTGCAGGGTCCGAGGTATTCGCACTGGATACGACACTGCC |
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Derakhshani, A.; Silvestris, N.; Hemmat, N.; Asadzadeh, Z.; Abdoli Shadbad, M.; Nourbakhsh, N.S.; Mobasheri, L.; Vahedi, P.; Shahmirzaie, M.; Brunetti, O.; et al. Targeting TGF-β-Mediated SMAD Signaling Pathway via Novel Recombinant Cytotoxin II: A Potent Protein from Naja naja oxiana Venom in Melanoma. Molecules 2020, 25, 5148. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25215148
Derakhshani A, Silvestris N, Hemmat N, Asadzadeh Z, Abdoli Shadbad M, Nourbakhsh NS, Mobasheri L, Vahedi P, Shahmirzaie M, Brunetti O, et al. Targeting TGF-β-Mediated SMAD Signaling Pathway via Novel Recombinant Cytotoxin II: A Potent Protein from Naja naja oxiana Venom in Melanoma. Molecules. 2020; 25(21):5148. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25215148
Chicago/Turabian StyleDerakhshani, Afshin, Nicola Silvestris, Nima Hemmat, Zahra Asadzadeh, Mahdi Abdoli Shadbad, Niloufar Sadat Nourbakhsh, Leila Mobasheri, Parviz Vahedi, Morteza Shahmirzaie, Oronzo Brunetti, and et al. 2020. "Targeting TGF-β-Mediated SMAD Signaling Pathway via Novel Recombinant Cytotoxin II: A Potent Protein from Naja naja oxiana Venom in Melanoma" Molecules 25, no. 21: 5148. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25215148