Nondestructive Determination of Diastase Activity of Honey Based on Visible and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. DN Variation of Different Heat Treatments and Different Botanical Origins
2.2. Spectral Characteristics
2.3. Spectral Cluster Analysis of Honey from Botanical Origins
2.4. Establishment of the DN Determination Model
2.4.1. Comparison of Different Pretreatment Methods
2.4.2. Selection of the Characteristic Wavelengths
2.4.3. Establishment of Non-Linear Determination Models
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Sample Preparation (Heat Treatment)
4.2. Reference Method
4.3. Spectral Measurement
4.4. Data Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: Samples of the compounds are not available from the authors. |
Regression Algorithm | Pre-Treatment | Calibration | Prediction | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
R2 | RMSE | R2 | RMSE | ||
PLS | ORIG | 0.6086 | 0.4149 | 0.4636 | 0.4642 |
SG | 0.6093 | 0.4145 | 0.4674 | 0.4625 | |
SG-SNV | 0.7049 | 0.3602 | 0.6753 | 0.3612 | |
GF-SNV | 0.7057 | 0.3597 | 0.6720 | 0.3630 | |
MSC | 0.7452 | 0.3348 | 0.5853 | 0.4082 | |
LS-SVM | ORIG | 0.9772 | 0.1339 | 0.6017 | 0.4000 |
SG | 0.9808 | 0.1239 | 0.5350 | 0.4322 | |
SG-SNV | 0.9988 | 0.0321 | 0.8857 | 0.2142 | |
GF-SNV | 0.9785 | 0.1301 | 0.8872 | 0.2129 | |
MSC | 0.9966 | 0.0533 | 0.8269 | 0.2637 |
Treatment | 40 °C | 60 °C | 80 °C | 80 °C | 80 °C | 80 °C | 80 °C | 80 °C | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | 2–4 h | 2–4 h | 2 h | 4 h | 6 h | 8 h | 10 h | 12 h | |
Acacia | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 5 | |
Linen | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 3 | |
Longan | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 |
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Huang, Z.; Liu, L.; Li, G.; Li, H.; Ye, D.; Li, X. Nondestructive Determination of Diastase Activity of Honey Based on Visible and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Molecules 2019, 24, 1244. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24071244
Huang Z, Liu L, Li G, Li H, Ye D, Li X. Nondestructive Determination of Diastase Activity of Honey Based on Visible and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Molecules. 2019; 24(7):1244. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24071244
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuang, Zhenxiong, Lang Liu, Guojian Li, Hong Li, Dapeng Ye, and Xiaoli Li. 2019. "Nondestructive Determination of Diastase Activity of Honey Based on Visible and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy" Molecules 24, no. 7: 1244. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24071244