A New Strategy for Effective Succinic Acid Production by Enterobacter sp. LU1 Using a Medium Based on Crude Glycerol and Whey Permeate
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Microorganism and Culture Conditions
2.3. Batch and Fed-Batch Fermentations
2.4. Description of Experiments
2.4.1. Increase of Lactose Content in Fermentation Medium
2.4.2. Fermentation Medium Based on Crude Glycerol and Whey Permeate
2.4.3. Reduced Yeast Extract Content and Flask Based Inoculum
2.4.4. Reduced YE Content and Bioreactor Based Inoculum
2.4.5. Microaerobic Cultivation on Crude Glycerol and Whey Permeate
2.4.6. Microaerobic Cultivation with Glycerol as the Sole Carbon Source
2.5. Analytical Methods
2.6. Calculation of Fermentation Parameters
3. Results
3.1. Increase of Lactose Content in Fermentation Medium and Usage of Crude Glycerol and Whey Permeate
3.2. Reduced YE Content and Different Methods of Inoculum Preparation
3.3. Microaerobic Cultivation on Crude Glycerol and Whey Permeate
3.4. Microaerobic Cultivation on Glycerol as the Sole Carbon Source
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: Samples of the compounds are not available from the authors. |
Time (h) | GLY (g/L) | Products (g/L) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SA | FA | AA | EtOH | CDW | ||
0 | 51.1 ± 0.49 | 0.26 ± 0.01 | 0.10 ± 0.02 | 0.30 ± 0.24 | n.d. | 1.45 ± 0.21 |
24 | 37.95 ± 0.62 | 2.50 ± 0.01 | 2.18 ± 0.05 | 5.20 ± 0.01 | n.d. | 4.88 ± 0.32 |
48 | 25.5 ± 0.47 | 6.77 ± 0.18 | 3.30 ± 0.14 | 9.10 ± 0.35 | n.d. | 6.90 ± 0.15 |
72 | 67.5 ± 0.03 | 11.51 ± 0.05 | 4.78 ± 0.05 | 12.96 ± 0.11 | n.d. | 7.94 ± 0.38 |
96 | 57.71 ± 1.28 | 15.69 ± 0.27 | 6.67 ± 0.14 | 16.68 ± 0.26 | n.d. | 8.89 ± 0.44 |
120 | 44.76 ± 0.63 | 21.73 ± 0.34 | 7.45 ± 0.02 | 19.95 ± 0.28 | n.d. | 8.31 ± 0.26 |
144 | 33.5 ± 0.19 | 28.19 ± 0.18 | 8.10 ± 0.03 | 23.00 ± 0.18 | n.d. | 11.18 ± 0.13 |
168 | 25.4 ± 0.29 | 33.12 ± 0.39 | 7.80 ± 0.16 | 25.60 ± 0.30 | n.d. | 11.40 ± 0.54 |
192 | 21.6 ± 0.48 | 37.37 ± 0.73 | 3.00 ± 0.06 | 28.80 ± 0.49 | n.d. | 10.23 ± 0.39 |
Strain | Fermentation Conditions | Concentration (g/L) | Yield (g/g) | Productivity (g/L/h) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Actinobacillus succinogenes NCIMB 41825 | Anaerobic, batch | 29.3 | 1.23 | 0.270 | [9] |
Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens ATCC 53488 | Anaerobic, fed-batch (feeding with YE and glycerol) | 19 | 1.60 | 0.157 | [3] |
Escherichia coli pck+ Δpfl | Anaerobic, batch | 12.1 | 1.03 | 0.084 | [34] |
Yarrowia lipolytica Y3314 Δsdh2 | Aerobic, batch | 45 | 0.36 | 0.271 | [35] |
Basfia succiniciproducens DD1 | Anaerobic, batch (without disaccharide addition) | 19.5 | 1.12 | 0.81 | [24] |
Basfia succiniciproducens DD1 Δpfl Δldh | Anaerobic, batch (without disaccharide addition) | 36.2 | 1.26 | 1.50 | [24] |
Basfia succiniciproducens DD1 Δpfl Δldh | Anaerobic, batch (maltose addition) | 69.8 | 1.11 | 2.90 | [24] |
Enterobacter sp. LU1 | Microaerobic, fed-batch | 37.3 ± 0.73 | 0.38 ± 0.21 | 0.19 ± 0.09 | This study |
Enterobacter sp. LU1 | Anaerobic, fed-batch (lactose addition) | 69.0 ± 2.50 | 0.58 ± 0.11 | 0.24 ± 0.12 | This study |
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Podleśny, M.; Wyrostek, J.; Kucharska, J.; Jarocki, P.; Komoń-Janczara, E.; Targoński, Z. A New Strategy for Effective Succinic Acid Production by Enterobacter sp. LU1 Using a Medium Based on Crude Glycerol and Whey Permeate. Molecules 2019, 24, 4543. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24244543
Podleśny M, Wyrostek J, Kucharska J, Jarocki P, Komoń-Janczara E, Targoński Z. A New Strategy for Effective Succinic Acid Production by Enterobacter sp. LU1 Using a Medium Based on Crude Glycerol and Whey Permeate. Molecules. 2019; 24(24):4543. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24244543
Chicago/Turabian StylePodleśny, Marcin, Jakub Wyrostek, Jagoda Kucharska, Piotr Jarocki, Elwira Komoń-Janczara, and Zdzisław Targoński. 2019. "A New Strategy for Effective Succinic Acid Production by Enterobacter sp. LU1 Using a Medium Based on Crude Glycerol and Whey Permeate" Molecules 24, no. 24: 4543. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24244543