Housefly Pupae-Derived Antioxidant Peptides Exerting Neuroprotective Effects on Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Damage in PC12 Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Purification of Antioxidative Peptides
2.2. Identification of Antioxidant Peptides
2.3. Neuroprotective Effect of Peptides on H2O2-Induced Cell Injury in PC-12 Cells
2.4. AR12 Protected H2O2-Induced PC12 Cells Damage through Reducing Intracellular ROS
2.5. AR12 Protected H2O2-Induced PC12 Cells Damage through Recovering the Loss of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (MMP)
2.6. Effects of AR12 on Malonaldehyde (MDA) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) in H2O2-Induced PC12 Cells
2.7. Effects of Thermal, pH and Simulated GI Digestion on Peptides
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials and Reagents
3.2. Preparation of HPH
3.3. Peptides Separation by Membrane Ultrafiltration
3.4. Purification by Size Exclusion Chromatography
3.5. Purification by RP-HPLC
3.6. Identification of Antioxidant Peptides by LC-MS/MS and Peptide Synthesis
3.7. Radical Scavenging Activity Assay
3.8. Cell Culture and Viability Analysis
3.9. Apoptosis Assay
3.10. Intracellular ROS Level Measurement
3.11. Measurement of MMP
3.12. Measurement of Intracellular MDA Content and SOD Activity
3.13. Stability of Synthetic Peptides against Heat, pH, and Simulated GI Digestion
3.14. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: Samples of the compounds are not available from the authors. |
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Sun, T.; Zhang, S.; Yang, W.; Zhao, Z.; Yang, D. Housefly Pupae-Derived Antioxidant Peptides Exerting Neuroprotective Effects on Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Damage in PC12 Cells. Molecules 2019, 24, 4486. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24244486
Sun T, Zhang S, Yang W, Zhao Z, Yang D. Housefly Pupae-Derived Antioxidant Peptides Exerting Neuroprotective Effects on Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Damage in PC12 Cells. Molecules. 2019; 24(24):4486. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24244486
Chicago/Turabian StyleSun, Tingting, Sichen Zhang, Wenzhe Yang, Zhimin Zhao, and Depo Yang. 2019. "Housefly Pupae-Derived Antioxidant Peptides Exerting Neuroprotective Effects on Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Damage in PC12 Cells" Molecules 24, no. 24: 4486. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24244486