2-Phenylacetamide Isolated from the Seeds of Lepidium apetalum and Its Estrogen-Like Effects In Vitro and In Vivo
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Effect of LA on MCF-7 Cell Proliferation
2.2. Effects of LA on Immature Female Swiss Mice
2.3. Effects of LA on the Expression of Estrogen Receptors
2.4. Effect of Estrogen Receptor Antagonists on LA Aroused MCF-7 Cell Proliferation
2.5. Effect of PA on MCF-7 Cell Proliferation
2.6. Effect of PA on MCF-7 Cell Proliferation
2.7. The Effect of PA on MCF-7 Cell Proliferation
2.8. Effect of Estrogen Receptor Antagonists on PA Aroused MCF-7 Cell Proliferation
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Material
4.2. The Effects of LA and PA on MCF-7 Cell Proliferation
4.3. The Effects of ICI182780, MPP, THC and G15 on LA and PA Promoted MCF-7 Cell Proliferation
4.4. Animals
4.5. Western Blot
4.6. Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay
4.7. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
PA | Phenylacetamide |
LA | Lepidium apetalum Willd |
ERT | Estrogen replacement therapy |
TCM | Traditional Chinese medicine |
PE | Phytoestrogen |
MCF-7 cell | Breast adenocarcinoma cell line |
LH | Luteinizing hormone |
FSH | Follicle stimulating hormone |
ICI182780 | Faslodex |
MPP | Specific ERα antagonist methylpiperidino-pyrazole |
THC | Specific ERβ antagonist Delta (9)-tetrahydrocannabinol |
G15 | Specific GPR30 antagonist |
EV | Estradiol valerate |
TBST | Tris buffered saline with Tween-20 |
MTT | Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium |
PBS | Phosphate buffer saline |
DMSO | Dimethyl sulfoxide |
17β-E2 | 17-beta-estradiol |
PVDF | Poly vinylidene fluoride |
VEGF | Vascular endothelial growth factor |
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Sample Availability: Not available. |
Groups | Dose (mg/kg) | Uterus Coefficient (%) | LH (mIU/mL) | FSH (mIU/mL) | E2 (pmol/mL) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Con | — | 0.1019 ± 0.015 | 3.68 ± 0.69 | 40.11 ± 4.81 | 32.82 ± 2.53 |
EV | 0.33 | 0.2795 ± 0.027 ** | 4.77 ± 0.74 ** | 46.91 ± 2.37 ** | 39.32 ± 2.10 ** |
LA-L | 446 | 0.1262 ± 0.021 * | 5.22 ± 0.35 ** | 43.24 ± 4.36 | 45.06 ± 6.65 ** |
LA-H | 892 | 0.1259 ± 0.022 * | 5.42 ± 0.44 ** | 43.04 ± 5.26 | 46.11 ± 5.78 ** |
Groups | Dose (mg/kg) | Uterus Coefficient (%) | LH (mIU/mL) | FSH (mIU/mL) | E2 (pmol/mL) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Con | — | 0.1009 ± 0.014 | 4.01 ± 0.58 | 39.77 ± 5.12 | 33.01 ± 2.14 |
EV | 0.33 | 0.2395 ± 0.027 ** | 5.11 ± 0.49 ** | 46.91 ± 3.27 ** | 38.41 ± 2.07 ** |
LA | 446 | 0.1253 ± 0.021 * | 5.09 ± 0.61 ** | 42.37 ± 4.12 | 44.36 ± 4.37 ** |
PA-L | 25 | 0.1219 ± 0.021 * | 4.98 ± 0.47 ** | 42.34 ± 5.26 | 41.19 ± 5.57 ** |
PA-H | 50 | 0.1201 ± 0.019 * | 5.02 ± 0.79 ** | 41.14 ± 6.78 | 40.56 ± 6.01 ** |
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Zeng, M.; Li, M.; Li, M.; Zhang, B.; Li, B.; Zhang, L.; Feng, W.; Zheng, X. 2-Phenylacetamide Isolated from the Seeds of Lepidium apetalum and Its Estrogen-Like Effects In Vitro and In Vivo. Molecules 2018, 23, 2293. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23092293
Zeng M, Li M, Li M, Zhang B, Li B, Zhang L, Feng W, Zheng X. 2-Phenylacetamide Isolated from the Seeds of Lepidium apetalum and Its Estrogen-Like Effects In Vitro and In Vivo. Molecules. 2018; 23(9):2293. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23092293
Chicago/Turabian StyleZeng, Mengnan, Meng Li, Miao Li, Beibei Zhang, Benke Li, Li Zhang, Weisheng Feng, and Xiaoke Zheng. 2018. "2-Phenylacetamide Isolated from the Seeds of Lepidium apetalum and Its Estrogen-Like Effects In Vitro and In Vivo" Molecules 23, no. 9: 2293. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23092293