Synthesis of Siloxyalumoxanes and Alumosiloxanes Based on Organosilicon Diols

Abstract

We have drawn a few interesting conclusions while studying reaction products of Ph₂Si(OH)₂ with Al(ⁱBu)₃ and tetraisobutylalumoxane. In the first place, this is the production (at a Ph₂Si(OH)₂ and Al(ⁱBu)₃ equimolar ratio) of an oligomer siloxyalumoxane structure with alternating four- and six-member rings. In addition, it shows isobutyl and phenyl group migration between aluminum and silicon due to the formation of an intramolecular four-member cyclic complex [Ph₂(OH)SiO]Al(ⁱBu)₂ → [(ⁱBu)Ph(OH)SiO]Al(ⁱBu)Ph. Ph₂Si(OH)₂ interaction with Al(ⁱBu)₃ not only starts from intramolecular complex production, but the chain is terminated for the same reason, which in the case of the Ph₂Si(OH)₂ reaction with tetraisobutylalumoxane results in failure of to obtain high-polymer siloxyalumoxane compounds. When Al(ⁱBu)₃ interacts with α- and γ-diols, no oligomer compounds are produced. In the Al(ⁱBu)₃ reaction with α, γ-diols are created in monomer compounds that are likely to have a cyclic structure. Notably, when Al(ⁱBu)₃ interacts with only α-diol, a double excess of Al(ⁱBu)₃ allows for full replacement of hydrogen in the α-diol hydroxyl groups by aluminum alkyl residue with 1,3-bis(diisobutylalumoxymethyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane production. At an equimolar ratio of initial reagents, the second isobutyl radical at Al does not interact with the second hydroxyl group of α-diol, apparently due to the steric hindrance, and 1-(diisobutylalumoxymethyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-disiloxane is produced. Al(ⁱBu)₃ reactions with γ-diol also result in monomer compounds, but the presence of a chain consisting of three CH₂-groups between Si and the hydroxyl group facilitates interaction between the second hydroxyl group of γ-diol and the second isobutyl radical Al(ⁱBu)₃. Tetraisobutylalumoxane reactions with α- and γ-diols result in oligomer compounds.

1. Introduction

Organosiloxyalumoxane and organoalumoxanesiloxane oligomers were synthesized 30 years ago [1]. Their probable structure from a conventional viewpoint looked like three-coordinated Al atom. These compounds are amorphous, therefore, it did not seem possible to prove their structure by means of X-ray diffraction. However, in the middle of the 1980s, papers dealing with the non-classical structure of alumoxane and alumosiloxane compounds with four-coordinated Al atoms and three-coordinated oxygen atoms were published [2,3,4]. The coordination number of Al atoms in bicyclic and oligomer alumoxanes and alumosiloxanes was shown to be four and may increase to five (or even to six) [2]. The crystalline structure of alumosiloxane of C₈H₂₄Al₃Br₅O₆Si₄ composition was proved [5]. It was found that the molecule of crystalline alumosiloxane consisted of four condensed nuclei: two planar four-membered rings, built from two aluminum atoms and two oxygen atoms, and two “saddle-shaped” six-membered rings composed of alternating silicon, oxygen, and aluminum atoms. The Al atom, which belongs to all four rings, has a coordination number of five. The remaining atoms of aluminum and silicon have tetrahedral coordination.

Based on the data of [2,3,4,5], the results of [1] were analyzed. In addition, the reaction of Al(ⁱBu)₃ with Ph₂Si(OH)₂ in hexadeuterobenzene was studied. The results obtained suggested a probable scheme for the interaction of Al(ⁱBu)₃ with Ph₂Si(OH)₂ and the possible structure of the oligomers obtained [6]. However, these results were not published.

Since the beginning of the 1990s, detailed studies of the synthesis, properties, and structure of alkylalumoxanes have been carried out [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14]. In 2013, works on this problem were summarized in the review [15].

Most closely related to our work was the investigation performed by Andrew R. Barron’s team, they studied the synthesis, properties, and structure of organosiloxyalumoxanes—precursors of alumosilicate ceramics [16,17].

A considerable number of molecular alumosiloxanes and alumosilicates have been obtained using aluminum halogenides, chalcogenides, hydrides, and organometallic compounds as starting materials and reacting them with the appropriate R_nSi(OH)_4−n precursor [18]. The reaction of Al₂Cl₆ with an excess of Ph₂Si(OH)₂ in THF in the presence of pyridine yielded new anionic and cyclic aluminosiloxanes. The structure of the anionic complex comprises separated pyridinium cations and alumosiloxane anions with a tetrahedral arrangement around the Al atom, which is similar to that in natural aluminosilicates; the core of the cyclic aluminosiloxane is a twelve-membered Al₂Si₄O₆ ring in a chair conformation, which contains a Cl group on each of the two Al atoms [19]. Reaction of Al(^tBu)₃ with neol-H₂ (2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diol) yields [Al₂(^tBu)₄(neol-H)₂]. [Al₂(^tBu)₄(neol-H)₂] may be considered as a bifunctional (two OH groups), tetradentate (4O) ligand as highlighted by its reactivity with Group 13 hydrides and alkyls. Reaction of [Al₂(^tBu)₄(neol-H)₂] with AlH₃(NMe₃), AlH₂Cl(NMe₃) and AlMe₃ yields the tri-aluminum compounds, [Al₃(^tBu)₄(X)(neol)₂] with X = H, Cl, Me, respectively [20].

The main research on the synthetic and structural chemistry of alumosiloxanes is described in the review [21]. Michael Veith’s works describes the synthesis, physicochemical properties, crystal structure and interaction of polycyclic [Ph₂SiO]₈[AlO(OH)]₄ with various chemical compounds [22,23,24,25].

2. Results and Discussion

To investigate the mechanism of the Al(ⁱBu)₃ reaction with Ph₂Si(OH)₂, we studied (by means of NMR spectroscopy) their interaction in hexadeuterobenzene (C₆D₆). In contrast to the reactions in benzene, deuterobenzene solvent makes it possible to determine not only the isobutyl groups, but also benzene’s presence in the ¹H- and ¹³C-NMR spectra. In the NMR spectra of the reaction mixture after the Al(ⁱBu)₃ interaction with Ph₂Si(OH)₂ was complete, a proton signal was observed at 7.23 ppm, and a signal of ¹³C nuclei of unlabeled benzene was observed at 128 ppm [26]. When the siloxyalumoxane oligomer reaction product was released, the produced benzene was distilled along with a solvent (C₆D₆) and was recorded in the NMR spectra of the distillate. Benzene may be produced as the result of phenyl and isobutyl groups exchanging between silicon and aluminum. Earlier, a few authors [27] observed phenyl and alkyl group migration in triphenylsiloxyaluminumalkyl at 250–300 °C (Figure 1).

In our case, such migration was observed even at 80 °C.

In ²⁷Al-NMR spectra of the products of Al(ⁱBu)₃ reaction with Ph₂Si(OH)₂ in C₆D₆ at 25 °C broad signal typical for oligomer structures where aluminum coordination number is four was recorded at 61.0 ppm.

According to the abovementioned, we can propose the following mechanism of siloxyalumoxane oligomers production through an active intramolecular complex (A*), where it is probable isobutyl and phenyl groups exchange at aluminum and silicon (Scheme 1).

At an equimolar ratio of the starting reagents, hydrogen of the hydroxyl group reacts with the ⁱBu- group of another Al(ⁱBu)₃ molecule, and one of the organic groups at aluminum (preferably the phenyl one as it has more electronegative character than the isobutyl group) interacts with hydrogen of OH group of the next Ph₂Si(OH)₂ molecule. A six-membered ring is formed; the ring in its turn has active sites able to react with the following Al(ⁱBu)₃ and Ph₂Si(OH)₂ molecules, which results in a four-membered alumoxane ring, then a six-membered ring is formed, etc. (Scheme 2).

The chain is terminated due to the intramolecular A* complex.

So, siloxyalumoxane oligomer 1 is formed where one of the phenyl groups is substituted by an isobutyl group at three silicon atoms. Considering the amount of C₆D₆ taken for synthesis (at equimolar ratio of Al(ⁱBu)₃:Ph₂Si(OH)₂ = 1:1), the distilled C₆D₆ must contain about 1.5 wt % of benzene. Mass spectrometric analysis of the distillate showed that along with the used solvent (C₆D₆) 1.6 wt % of benzene was distilled.

Oligomer 1 production is confirmed by thermo-gravimetric analysis results (Figure 2).

The TGA curve shows that in the temperature range of 30–230 °C, the weight loss is about 30 wt %, while the SDTA curve shows an endo-effect at 180 °C. This corresponds to the complete removal of isobutyl groups in the form of isobutene (theoretically, the weight loss is 31.33 wt %). In the temperature range of 230–650 °C, the weight loss is about 40 wt %, while the SDTA curve shows an exo-effect at 280 °C. This corresponds to the complete removal of the phenyl groups in the form of benzene (theoretically the weight loss is 38.18 wt %). Further pyrolysis in an inert atmosphere (argon) to 1100 °C leads to the formation of an alumosilicate ceramic residue of 29.89 wt %, which actually coincides with the theoretically calculated value for oligomer 1 (30.42 wt %) (Figure 2).

With Al(ⁱBu)₃ (Al:Si = 2:1) excess, the complex is stabilized due to the second Al(ⁱBu)₃ molecule attachment and formation of bis(diisobutylalumoxy)diphenylsilane; taking into account isobutyl and phenyl group migrations between aluminum and silicon, the interaction mechanism can be presented as follows (Scheme 3).

When the reaction proceeds at Ph₂Si(OH)₂ (Al:Si = 1:2) excess, organosiloxyalumoxane formation may be presented in two ways (Scheme 4a,b).

Scheme 4a is the most probable. This is confirmed by the fact that in the ¹H-NMR spectra of siloxyalumoxane with molar ratio Al:Si = 1:2, low resolution signals of isobutyl group protons at 1.05 ppm of CH₃(ⁱBu–Si) and 1.4 ppm of CH₂(ⁱBu–Si) were observed. Moreover, if one mole of Al(ⁱBu)₃ interacts with two moles of Ph₂Si(OH)₂, the amount of gas released is much less as compared to the theory and amounts to less than 70%, which corresponds to two isobutyl groups migrating from aluminum to silicon.

Considering alkylalumoxane reactions with Ph₂Si(OH)₂, we kept in mind that the aluminum atom is four-coordinated in alkylalumoxanes [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15], whose schematic structural formulas are presented as follows: (at n = 1—tetraisobutylalumoxane, at n > 1—polyisobutylalumoxane) [3] (Figure 3).

It should be noted that at a temperatures above 20 °C tetraisobutylalumoxane disproportionation takes place with triisobutylaluminum release [3,13] (Scheme 5).

At a temperature of 80 °C, a mixture of triisobutylaluminum and pentaisobutyltrialumoxane (B) reacts with Ph₂Si(OH)₂, therefore, a part of Ph₂Si(OH)₂ interacts with Al(ⁱBu)₃ forming the intramolecular A* complex. The other part of Ph₂Si(OH)₂ reacts with the double alumoxane chain, the alumoxane chain, therewith, is terminated by the A* complex, which means it is impossibile to obtain high-polymer siloxyalumoxane compounds from tetraisobutylalumoxane and Ph₂Si(OH)₂ (Scheme 6).

Siloxyalumoxane oligomers 4 or 5 containing four- and six-membered rings were produced.

Siloxyalumoxanes 1–5 were white, glassy, benzene-soluble oligomers with different molecular weights.

X-ray amorphism of siloxyalumoxane oligomers (Figure 4) did not allow for the determination of their crystalline characteristics, but the presence of reduced structural units in oligomers (1)–(5) was confirmed by multinuclear magnetic resonance, IR spectroscopy, TGA, and elemental analysis.

In contrast to the starting Al(ⁱBu)₃, tetraisobutylalumoxane, and Ph₂Si(OH)₂, their interaction products in the IR spectra have highly intense broad absorption bands in the region of 1050–1075 cm⁻¹, typical for Al–O–Si bonds, as well as an absorption band of medium intensity in the region of 820–840 cm⁻¹, corresponding to valence vibrations of Al–O–Al bond (bridge). Presence or absence of a wide absorption band in the region of 3400–3500 cm⁻¹, typical for hydroxyl group valence vibrations, confirms probable oligomer 1–5 structures.

In ¹H-NMR spectra of the reaction mixture after the completion of the Al(ⁱBu)₃ (tetraisobutylalumoxane) reaction with Ph₂Si(OH)₂ in benzene, isobutyl group proton signals were observed as low resolution multiplets in the region of 0.5 to 2.5 ppm.

¹H-NMR spectrum of the concentrated isobutylalumoxanephenylsiloxane oligomer in C₆D₆ had a broadened signal at 7.5 ppm, typical for phenyl group protons, and another signal at 1.5 ppm, corresponding to isobutyl group protons.

Therefore, an organoaluminum compound reaction with diphenylsilanediol results in organosiloxyalumoxane compounds with alternating four- and six-membered rings containing aluminum atoms with the coordination number equal to four. Isobutyl and phenyl groups at aluminum and silicon may migrate in the process of reaction.

The structure of the alumoxanesiloxane oligomers is confirmed by [16,17] where it was shown that the hydrolytically stable alumoxanes of the formula [Al(O)_x(OH)_y(X)_z]_n (X = OSiR₃, O₂CR) are neither linear nor ring structures, but are spatial clusters. These alumoxanes have an isostructural center (nucleus) similar to minerals such as boehmite and diaspore {[Al(O)(OH)]_n}, wherein central aluminum atoms are six-coordinated. In the case of siloxy derivatives, four-coordinated aluminum atoms are present circumferentially [16,17].

Triisobutylaluminum and tetraisobutylalumoxane reactions with α-diol and γ-diol were conducted in benzene at different temperatures (20 °C and 80 °C) and given molar ratios Al:Si (1:1; 2:1; 3:1; 1:2). Al(ⁱBu)₃ interaction with α- and γ-diols occurred at 20 °C, but full gas release was observed only at 80 °C. The resulting products were viscous colorless or yellow clear liquids, readily soluble in hydrocarbon solvents and readily hydrolysable in air [1,6].

Elemental analysis data as well as molecular weight of the synthesized compounds suggest that depending on mole ratio of the starting reagents, Al(ⁱBu)₃ reactions with α, γ-diols result in compounds (6–11), probably having cyclic structure. Moreover, when Al(ⁱBu)₃ interacts with α-diol, only a double excess of Al(ⁱBu)₃ allows for full replacement of the hydroxyl group hydrogen in α-diol with aluminumalkyl residue to form 1,3-bis(diisobutylalumoxymethyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane (7). At an equimolar ratio of the starting reagents, the second isobutyl radical at Al does not react with the second hydroxyl group of α-diol, probably due to steric hindrance, and 1-(diisobutylalumoxymethyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane (6) is produced.

Al(ⁱBu)₃ reactions with γ-diol also result in monomer compounds (8,9), but the presence of a chain comprising three CH₂-groups between the Si atom and a hydroxyl group simplifies the interaction between the second hydroxyl group of γ-diol and the second isobutyl radical Al(ⁱBu)₃. Probable triisobutylaluminum reactions with α, γ-diols are presented by Scheme 7.

The comparison of the IR spectra of 1-(diisobutylalumoxymethyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane (6) and 1,3-bis(diisobutylalumoxymethyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane (7) with the IR spectrum of the starting α-diol confirms our assumptions. In the IR spectrum of compound (6), there is a wide absorption band in the region of 660 cm⁻¹ corresponding to valence vibrations ν(Al–C), and the intensity of an absorption band in the region of 3400 cm⁻¹ ν(OH) significantly decreases. In the IR spectrum of compound (7), there is no absorption in the region of 3400 cm⁻¹, and an intense absorption band in the region of 665 cm⁻¹ ν(Al–C) appears. Moreover, in both cases, the intense absorption band broadens in the region of 1060 cm⁻¹ ν(Si–O–Si) and has a shoulder of 1015 cm⁻¹ ν(Al–O–C).

In contrast to the ¹H-NMR spectrum of the starting α-diol, wherein proton signals at 0.38 ppm (CH₃), 3.5 ppm (CH₂), and 4.62 ppm (OH) were recorded in the spectra of compounds (6,7) and proton signals of isobutyl groups were observed at 0.4 ppm (CH₂), 1.07 ppm (CH₃), and 1.45 ppm (CH), but the proton signal of the CH₂ group of α-diol was shifted to a weaker field and was manifested at 3.65 ppm.

Comparison of the IR spectra of 2-isobutyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1,3,8-trioxa-7,9-disila-2-alumacyclododecane (8) and 1,3-bis(diisobutylalumoxypropyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane (9) with the IR spectrum of the starting γ-diol shows that there is no absorption band in the region of 3400 cm⁻¹ typical for ν(OH), but a broad intense band appears in the region of 670 cm⁻¹, typical for valence vibrations of ν(Al–C) bonds, as well, a shoulder in the region of 1010–1020 cm⁻¹, corresponding to ν(Al–O–C) vibrations, is clearly manifested.

The ¹H-NMR spectrum of the γ-diol has proton signals at 0.25 ppm (CH₃), 0.75 ppm (α-CH₂), 1.8 ppm (β-CH₂), 3.75 ppm (γ-CH₂), and 4.4 ppm (OH). In the ¹H-NMR spectra of compounds 8 and 9, signals corresponding to isobutyl group protons and γ-diol protons are overlapped.

Tetraisobutylalumoxane (B) reactions with α- and γ-diols result in oligomer compounds, but here also, as in the case with diphenylsilanediol, molecular weight growth is due to isobutyl radicals replacement with oxyorganosiloxane groupings. The resulting oligomers are white, glassy products, readily soluble in benzene. Compounds synthesized from tetraisobutylalumoxane and α-diol dissolved in heptane as well, but compounds synthesized from tetraisobutylalumoxane and γ-diol did not dissolve in heptane.

The formation of alumoxanes comprising oxyorganosiloxane fragments may be presented by Scheme 8.

The ¹H-NMR and IR spectra of the reaction products of tetraisobutylalumoxane reacted with α- and γ-diols were similar to those of the compounds produced by Al(ⁱBu)₃ reactions with α- and γ-diols. They confirmed hydroxyl group absence in the resulting compounds and the presence of isobutyl groups, Al–C, Al–O–C bonds, and oxyorganosiloxane fragments. The molecular weight of the synthesized oxyorganosiloxane-containing alumoxanes depended on the molecular weight of the starting alkylalumoxane.

3. Experimental

3.1. General Methods

Triisobutylaluminum, tetraisobutylalumoxane, diphenylsilanediol, 1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane (α-diol), and 1,3-bis(hydroxypropyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane (γ-diol) were purchased at Pilot Plant in Redkino. The solvent (benzene-d₆) used was acquired from “Galakhim” JSC (Moscow, Russia). The solvent (benzene) used was purchased at “Component-Reaktiv” JSC. All synthesis processes were performed in dry argon (the content of O₂ and H₂O <0.005 wt %). The aluminum content was determined by trilonometry. Silicon content was determined spectrophotometrically as a silicon molybdenum complex at a wavelength of 400 nm. Carbon and hydrogen were determined gravimetrically by burning a weighed sample in oxygen flow. The content of hydroxyl groups in the organosiloxyalumoxanes and organoalumosiloxanes was found by a gasometric method. Molecular weights of the obtained compounds were determined by the cryoscopic method. Gas volume released in the reactions was determined by gas volumetric method. Mass spectrometric analysis of the distillate was conducted on Agilent 240 GC mass-spectrometer/MS Ion Trap at ionizing voltage of 70 eV. The IR spectra of organosiloxyalumoxanes and organoalumosiloxanes were recorded on a Perkin-Elmer spectrometer, model 180 within the range of 400–4000 cm⁻¹. The ¹H- and ²⁷Al-NMR spectra of organosiloxyalumoxanes were obtained using a Bruker AM-360 NMR spectrometer (360 MHz for ¹H-NMR and 93.8 MHz for ²⁷Al-NMR) using solutions in C₆D₆. [Al(H₂O)₆]³⁺ was used as an external standard. ¹H-NMR spectra of organosilicondiols 1,3-bis-(hydroxymethyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane (α-diol) and 1,3-bis-(hydroxypropyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane (γ-diol) were obtained using a Varian T-60A NMR spectrometer (60 MHz for ¹H-NMR) using solutions in C₆D₆. Tetramethylsilane was used as an internal standard. Phase compositions were determined by X-ray diffraction at room temperature on a Shimadzu XRD-6000 vertical X-ray diffractometer with CuKα radiation (λ_Kαcp = (2λ_Kα1 + λ_Kα2)/3 = 1.54178 [Å]). The crystalline and amorphous phases present were identified using ICDD PDF (The International Centre for Diffraction Data Powder Diffraction File) Release 2003 data.

3.2. Synthetic Procedures

3.2.1. General Procedure for the Preparation of Organosiloxyalumoxanes

The interaction of organoaluminum compounds (OAC)-Al(ⁱBu)₃ and tetraisobutylalumoxane with diphenylsilanediol Ph₂Si(OH)₂ was carried out in deuterobenzene C₆D₆. Ph₂Si(OH)₂ suspension in C₆D₆ was heated to 60–80 °C. The calculated amount of OAC (10–20 wt %, solution in deuterobenzene) was added under stirring, and isobutane (ⁱBuH) gas was released therewith; the gas was collected in a gas meter. Upon completion of OAC feed the reaction mixture was held for 1–2 h at 80 °C, and then it was cooled to room temperature. The reaction mass was a colorless, transparent liquid. The solvent was distilled thereafter. Light yellow or white solid glassy products were obtained. The yield of the target products was 85–99 wt %. Specific reaction conditions are presented in

Table 1. Organoaluminum compounds (OAC) interaction with Ph₂Si(OH)₂. (Reaction conditions: solvent—hexadeuterobenzene, T = 80 °C, τ = 1–2 h).

No.	OAC	Al:Si Molar Ratio in the Reaction Mixture	Amount of Gas Released in the Reaction, mL		Product Yield, wt %
			Calculated	Experiment
1	Al(iBu)3	1:1	223.28	210	94.0
2	Al(iBu)3	2:1	77.75	80	99.3
3	Al(iBu)3	1:2	299.04	258	86.3
4	tetraisobutylalumoxane	1:1	279.11	280	99.6
5	tetraisobutylalumoxane	2:1	93.70	93	99.3

.

3.2.2. General Procedure for the Preparation of Organoalumosiloxanes and Organoalumoxanesiloxanes

The interaction of organoaluminum compounds (OAC) − Al(ⁱBu)₃ and tetraisobutylalumoxane with 1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane (α-diol) and with 1,3-bis(3-hydroxypropyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane (γ-diol) was performed in benzene. A 20 wt % solution of α-diol (γ-diol) in benzene was prepared. Under stirring at a temperature of 20 °C, a calculated amount of OAC (20 wt %, solution in benzene) was added, depending on the specified Al:Si (1:1; 2:1; 1:2) mole ratio. Then, the reaction mass was heated to 80 °C and held at 80 °C under stirring (after gas release completion) for an hour. The yield of desired products amounted to 74–100 wt %. Specific reaction conditions are presented in

Table 2. OAC interaction with α- and γ-diols. (Reaction conditions: solvent—benzene, T = 20–80 °C, τ = 1–2 h).

No.	OAC	Organosilicon compounds (OSC)	Molar Ratio		Amount of Gas Released in the Reaction, mL		Product Yield, wt %
			OAC:OSC	Al:Si	Calculated	Experiment
6	Al(iBu)3	α-diol	1:1	1:2	155.50	115	74.0
7	Al(iBu)3	α-diol	2:1	1:1	75.75	76	95.5
8	Al(iBu)3	γ-diol	1:1	1:2	239.23	203	85.0
9	Al(iBu)3	γ-diol	2:1	1:1	207.30	194	93.4
10	tetraisobutylalumoxane	α-diol	1:1	1:1	149.52	150	99.9
11	tetraisobutylalumoxane	γ-diol	1:1	1:1	193.70	200	99.3

.

[(ⁱBuPhSiO)₃(PhSiO)₂(ⁱBuAlO)₅] (1). Yield: 94.0%; ¹H-NMR (360 MHz, C₆D₆): broad m 0.5–2.5 ppm (ⁱBu); broad m 6.7–8.0 ppm (aromatic protons); ²⁷Al-NMR (93.8 MHz, C₆D₆): broad 61 ppm; IR (cm⁻¹), 2970–2850 ν(C–H); 1470, 1380 δ(C–H); 1130 ν(ring C₆H₅); 1070 ν(Si–O–Al); 820 ν(Al–O–Al); 720, 700 (Si–Ph); 670 ν(Al–C); 520, 480; Anal. Calculated for C₇₄H₁₀₇Al₅Si₅O₁₀: M_n, 1430; C, 62.10; H, 7.48; Al, 9.44; Si, 9.79, Found: M_n, 1470; C, 60.15; H, 7.47; Al, 9.24; Si, 9.89.

[ⁱBuPhSiO₂Al₂(ⁱBu)₃Ph] (2). Yield: 99.3%; ¹H-NMR (60 MHz, C₆D₆): broad m 0.7 ppm CH₂(ⁱBu–Al); broad m 1.2 ppm CH₃(ⁱBu–Al); broad m 1.6 ppm CH₃(ⁱBu–Si); broad m 1.8 ppm CH(ⁱBu–Si); IR (cm⁻¹), 2960–2840 ν(C–H); 1470, 1435, 1380 δ(C–H), 1120 ν(ring C₆H₅), 1070 ν(Si–O–Al); 830 ν (Al–O–Al); 740, 720, 700 (Si–Ph); 670 ν(Al–C); 520, 480; Anal. Calculated for C₂₈H₄₆Al₂SiO₂: M_n, 496; C, 67.74; H, 9.27; Al, 10.89; Si, 5.65, Found: M_n, 504; C, 67.21; H, 9.08; Al, 10.80; Si, 5.60.

[(ⁱBuPhSiO)₂(Ph₂Si(OH)O)₂(Al₂O₂)] (3). Yield: 86.3%; ¹H-NMR (60 MHz, C₆D₆): 1.05 ppm, d, J = 6 Hz, CH₃(ⁱBu–Si); 1.4 ppm d, J = 6 Hz, CH₂(ⁱBu–Si); IR (cm⁻¹), 3300 ν(O–H); 2980–2860 ν(C–H); 1470, 1380 δ(C–H); 1120 ν(ring C₆H₅); 1070 ν(Si–O–Al); 1030 ν(Si–O) 820 ν(Al–O–Al); 720, 700 (Si–Ph); 520, 480; Anal. Calculated for C₄₄H₅₄Al₂Si₄O₈: M_n, 872; C, 60.55; H, 6.19; Al, 6.19; Si, 12.84; OH, 3.90, Found: M_n, 920; C, 60.22; H, 6.36; Al, 6.50; Si, 12.90; OH, 4.20.

[(ⁱBuPhSiO)₂(Ph₂SiO₂)₄(Ph₂Si(OH)O)₂(ⁱBuAl₂O)₂(Al₂O₂)₂] (4). Yield: 99.6%; ¹H-NMR (60 MHz, C₆D₆): 1.05 ppm, d, J = 6 Hz, CH₃ (ⁱBu–Al); 1.8 ppm m, CH₃(ⁱBu–Si); IR (cm⁻¹), 3350 ν(O–H); 2970–2860 ν(C–H); 1460, 1375 δ(C–H); 1120 ν(ring C₆H₅); 1070–1020 ν(Si–O–Al); 810 ν(Al–O–Al); 710, 690 (Si–Ph); 670 ν(Al–C); 520, 480; Anal. Calculated for C₁₀₀H₁₀₈Al₈Si₈O₂₀: M_n, 2068; C, 58.03; H, 5.22; Al, 10.44; Si, 10.83; OH, 1.40, Found: M_n, 2100; C, 57.83; H, 5.17; Al, 10.10; Si, 10.47, OH, 1.64.

[(ⁱBuPhSiO)₂(Ph₂SiO₂)₂(ⁱBu₂Al₂O)₂(ⁱBu₂Al₂O₂)₂] (5). Yield: 99.5%; ¹H-NMR (60 MHz, C₆D₆): 1.1 ppm, d, J = 6 Hz, CH₃(ⁱBu–Al); 1.35 ppm d, J = 7 Hz, CH₃(ⁱBu–Si); 2.3 ppm, m, CH₃(ⁱBu–Al); IR (cm⁻¹), 2980–2860 ν(C–H); 1470, 1380 δ(C–H); 1130 ν(ring C₆H₅); 1070–1030 ν(Si–O–Al); 805 ν(Al–O–Al); 720, 700 (Si–Ph); 670 ν(Al–C); 520, 480; Anal. Calculated for C₇₆H₁₂₀Al₈Si₄O₁₂: M_n, 1552; C, 58.76; H, 7.73; Al, 13.92; Si, 7.22, Found: M_n, 1520; C, 58.13; H, 7.96; Al, 14.19; Si, 7.62.

1-(Diisobutylalumoxymethyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane (6). Yield: 74.0%; IR (cm⁻¹), 3400 ν(O–H); 2980, 2860 ν(C–H); 1470, 1395, 1370 δ(C–H); 1260 ν(Si–CH₃); 1060–1015 ν(Si–O–Si); ν(C–O–Al); 860, 800 ν(O–Si–(CH₃)₂); 665 ν(Al–C); Anal. Calculated for C₁₄H₃₅AlSi₂O₃: M_n, 334; C, 50.30; H, 10.48; Al, 8.08; Si, 16.77; OH, 5.09, Found: M_n, 330; C, 50.63; H, 10.59; Al, 8.30; Si, 16.30, OH, 5.20.

1,3-bis(Diisobutylalumoxymethyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane (7). Yield: 95.5%; ¹H-NMR (60 MHz, C₆D₆): 0.4 ppm, s, ((CH₃)₂Si, α-diol); 0.5 ppm, broad m, (CH₂,ⁱBu, olyg); 1.05 ppm, d, J = 6 Hz, CH₃(ⁱBu–Al); 1.5 ppm, broad m, CH(ⁱBu–Al, olyg); 3.7 ppm, s, (CH₂O-α-diol); IR (cm⁻¹), 2980, 2860 ν(C–H); 1465, 1395, 1360 δ(C–H); 1260 ν(Si–CH₃); 1060–1015 ν(Si–O–Si); ν(C–O–Al); 860, 800 (O–Si–(CH₃)₂); 665 ν(Al–C); Anal. Calculated for C₂₂H₅₂Al₂Si₂O₃: M_n, 474; C, 55.70; H, 10.97; Al, 11.39; Si, 11.81, Found: M_n, 480; C, 55.42; H, 10.34; Al, 11.10; Si, 11.40.

2-Isobutyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1,3,8-trioxa-7,9-disila-2-alumacyclododecane (8). Yield: 85.0%; IR (cm⁻¹), 2980, 2860 ν(C–H); 1465, 1380, 1360, 1320 δ(C–H); 1255 ν(Si–CH₃); 1060–1010 ν(Si–O–Si); ν(C–O–Al); 860, 800 ν(O–Si–(CH₃)₂); 670 ν(Al–C); Anal. Calculated for C₁₄H₃₃AlSi₂O₃: M_n, 332; C, 50.60; H, 9.94; Al, 8.13; Si, 16.87, Found: M_n, 330; C, 48.98; H, 9.90; Al, 7.94; Si, 16.46.

1,3-bis(Diisobutylalumoxypropyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane (9). Yield: 93.4%; ¹H-NMR (60 MHz, C₆D₆): 0.3 ppm, s, ((CH₃)₂Si, γ-diol); 0.5 ppm, broad m, (CH₂,ⁱBu, olyg); 1.05 ppm, d, J = 6 Hz, CH₃(ⁱBu–Al); 1.4 ppm, broad m, (α-CH₂, γ-diol); 2 ppm, broad m, (β-CH₂, γ-diol); 3.7 ppm, broad m, (γ-CH₂, γ-diol); IR (cm⁻¹), 2980, 2860 ν(C–H); 1465, 1400, 1365, 1320 δ(C–H); 1255 ν(Si–CH₃); 1060–1020 ν(Si–O–Si); ν(C–O–Al); 840, 800 ν(O–Si–(CH₃)₂); 670 ν(Al–C); Anal. Calculated for C₂₆H₆₀Al₂Si₂O₃: M_n, 530; C, 58.87; H, 11.32; Al, 10.19; Si, 10.57, Found: M_n, 500; C, 58.54; H, 11.00; Al, 9.90; Si, 10.10.

{[Me₄(O)Si₂(CH₂)₂O₂]₄(ⁱBu₂Al)₂(ⁱBuAl)₂(ⁱBuAl₂O₂)₂} (10). Yield: 99.9%; IR (cm⁻¹), 2980, 2860 ν(C–H); 1460, 1395, 1360 δ(C–H); 1255 ν(Si–CH₃); 1060–1020 ν(Si–O–Si); ν(C–O–Al); 860, 800 (O–Si–(CH₃)₂); 750 ν(Al–O–Al); 660 ν(Al–C); Anal. Calculated for C₅₆H₁₃₆Al₈Si₈O₁₆: M_n, 1504; C, 44.68; H, 9.04; Al, 14.36; Si, 14.89, Found: M_n, 1490; C, 44.34; H, 9.23; Al, 14.70; Si, 15.10.

{[Me₄(O)Si₂(CH₂CH₂CH₂)₂O₂]₄(ⁱBu₂Al)₂(ⁱBuAl)₂(ⁱBuAl₂O₂)₂} (11). Yield: 99.3%; IR (cm⁻¹), 2980, 2860 ν(C–H); 1465, 1380, 1360, 1320 δ(C–H); 1260 ν(Si–CH₃); 1065–1015 ν(Si–O–Si); ν(C–O–Al); 840, 800, 770 (O–Si–(CH₃)₂), ν(Al–O–Al); 670 ν(Al–C); Anal. Calculated for C₇₂H₁₆₈Al₈Si₈O₁₆: M_n, 1728; C, 50.00; H, 9.72; Al, 12.50; Si, 12.96, Found: M_n, 1680; C, 49.19; H, 9.31; Al, 12.10; Si, 12.60.

4. Conclusions

Triisobutylaluminum interaction with diphenylsilanediol results in oligomer products only at an equimolar ratio of the starting Al(ⁱBu)₃ and Ph₂Si(OH)₂. During the reaction, the isobutyl and phenyl groups at aluminum and silicon may migrate. In the interaction of alkylalumoxanes with diphenylsilanediol, the increase in molecular weight occurs not due to chain growth, but only due to the replacement of alkyl radicals by diphenylsilanol groups. When Al(ⁱBu)₃ interacts with α- and γ-diols, no oligomer compounds are produced. Tetraisobutylalumoxane reaction with α- and γ-diols results in oligomer compounds, and yet, as in the case of diphenylsilanediol, the increase in the molecular weight is due only to the replacement of isobutyl radicals by oxyorganosiloxane groupings.