Optimization of Process Parameters of Extraction of Amentoflavone, Quercetin and Ginkgetin from Taxus chinensis Using Supercritical CO2 Plus Co-Solvent
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. UPLC Chromatogram
2.2. Selection of Extraction Time
2.3. Model Fitting and Evaluation of the Factors
Trail No. | X1 | X2 | X3 | X4 | Amentoflavone | Quercetin | Ginkgetin |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time (h) | Temperature (°C) | Pressure (bar) | Ethanol Concentration (ethanol/water, v/v, %) | Yield (mg/g) | Yield (mg/g) | Yield (mg/g) | |
1 | 2 | 45 | 20 | 100 | 3 | 1.52 | 1.19 |
2 | 2 | 45 | 20 | 60 | 3.01 | 1.64 | 1.11 |
3 | 2 | 45 | 20 | 80 | 4.35 | 3.53 | 3.27 |
4 | 2 | 45 | 30 | 80 | 4.37 | 3.56 | 3.21 |
5 | 2.5 | 40 | 25 | 70 | 3.92 | 3.28 | 2.1 |
6 | 1.5 | 50 | 15 | 90 | 3.29 | 2.32 | 2.19 |
7 | 1 | 45 | 20 | 80 | 3.28 | 2.91 | 2.74 |
8 | 2 | 35 | 20 | 80 | 3.95 | 3.21 | 2.57 |
9 | 1.5 | 50 | 25 | 70 | 3.83 | 2.84 | 2.61 |
10 | 1.5 | 40 | 25 | 90 | 3.62 | 2.82 | 2.18 |
11 | 2.5 | 50 | 25 | 70 | 4.22 | 3.31 | 2.97 |
12 | 2.5 | 40 | 25 | 90 | 4.02 | 3.13 | 2.55 |
13 | 2 | 45 | 20 | 80 | 4.35 | 3.53 | 3.27 |
14 | 2 | 55 | 20 | 80 | 4.35 | 3.57 | 3.18 |
15 | 2.5 | 40 | 15 | 70 | 3.55 | 3.02 | 1.89 |
16 | 1.5 | 40 | 25 | 70 | 3.51 | 2.87 | 2.16 |
17 | 1.5 | 40 | 15 | 70 | 2.93 | 2.89 | 1.96 |
18 | 1.5 | 40 | 15 | 90 | 3.23 | 2.02 | 2.22 |
19 | 1.5 | 50 | 25 | 90 | 3.84 | 3.01 | 2.54 |
20 | 2 | 45 | 20 | 80 | 4.35 | 3.54 | 3.26 |
21 | 2 | 45 | 20 | 80 | 4.34 | 3.53 | 3.27 |
22 | 2.5 | 50 | 15 | 70 | 3.62 | 3.22 | 2.22 |
23 | 2 | 45 | 10 | 80 | 3.24 | 2.87 | 2.57 |
24 | 2.5 | 50 | 15 | 90 | 3.83 | 2.68 | 2.65 |
25 | 2 | 45 | 20 | 80 | 4.33 | 3.54 | 3.27 |
26 | 1.5 | 50 | 15 | 70 | 3.05 | 3.05 | 2.11 |
27 | 2.5 | 50 | 25 | 90 | 4.12 | 3.34 | 2.96 |
28 | 3 | 45 | 20 | 80 | 4.39 | 3.68 | 3.35 |
29 | 2.5 | 40 | 15 | 90 | 3.67 | 2.21 | 2.56 |
30 | 2 | 45 | 20 | 80 | 4.33 | 3.54 | 3.27 |
Source | Amentoflavone | Quercetin | Ginkgetin | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sum of Squares | F-value | p-value | R2 | Sum of Squares | F-value | p-value | R2 | Sum of Squares | F-value | p-value | R2 | |
Model | 7.01 | 98.42 | <0.0001 | 0.9892 | 9.36 | 62.56 | <0.0001 | 0.9832 | 10.51 | 69.83 | <0.0001 | 0.9849 |
X1 | 1.44 | 282.28 | <0.0001 | 0.64 | 59.6 | <0.0001 | 0.41 | 38.44 | <0.0001 | |||
X2 | 0.19 | 37.87 | <0.0001 | 0.21 | 19.74 | 0.0005 | 0.62 | 57.42 | <0.0001 | |||
X3 | 1.59 | 311.87 | <0.0001 | 0.87 | 81.42 | <0.0001 | 0.53 | 48.82 | <0.0001 | |||
X4 | 0.039 | 7.71 | 0.0141 | 0.42 | 39.67 | <0.0001 | 0.16 | 15.34 | 0.0014 | |||
X1X2 | 0.000506 | 0.1 | 0.7567 | 0.0053 | 0.49 | 0.4939 | 0.037 | 3.44 | 0.0832 | |||
X1X3 | 0.03 | 5.85 | 0.0287 | 0.028 | 2.62 | 0.1260 | 0.0039 | 0.36 | 0.5558 | |||
X1X4 | 0.0068 | 1.34 | 0.2654 | 6.3E-06 | 0.00058 | 0.9810 | 0.098 | 9.08 | 0.0087 | |||
X2X3 | 0.018 | 3.45 | 0.0829 | 0.033 | 3.12 | 0.0979 | 0.15 | 13.96 | 0.0020 | |||
X2X4 | 0.0045 | 0.9 | 0.3589 | 0.041 | 3.84 | 0.0690 | 0.059 | 5.47 | 0.0336 | |||
X3X4 | 0.035 | 6.91 | 0.0190 | 0.54 | 50.89 | <0.0001 | 0.069 | 6.41 | 0.0230 | |||
X12 | 0.51 | 100.27 | <0.0001 | 0.096 | 8.95 | 0.0091 | 0.16 | 14.87 | 0.0016 | |||
X22 | 0.091 | 17.89 | 0.0007 | 0.034 | 3.2 | 0.0938 | 0.39 | 36.02 | <0.0001 | |||
X32 | 0.57 | 111.6 | <0.0001 | 0.17 | 16.04 | 0.0011 | 0.36 | 33.79 | <0.0001 | |||
X42 | 3.24 | 637.63 | <0.0001 | 6.53 | 610.66 | <0.0001 | 8.3 | 771.68 | <0.0001 |
Extraction Condition | Amentoflavone | Quercetin | Ginkgetin | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dynamic extraction time, 2 h; temperature, 48 °C; pressure, 25 Mpa; Ethanol concentration,78%; flow-rate, 2 L/min CO2 | Yields (mg/g) (mean ± SD, n = 6) | |||||
Experimental | 4.47 ± 0.06 | 3.65 ± 0.04 | 3.39 ± 0.02 | |||
predicted | 4.47 | 3.69 | 3.40 | |||
Purity (%) (mean ± SD, n = 6) | ||||||
9.41 ± 0.08 | 7.39 ± 0.05 | 6.02 ± 0.06 | ||||
Soxhlet extractor; extraction solvent, methanol; extraction time, 7 h | Yields (mg/g) (mean ± SD, n = 6) | |||||
4.08 ± 0.03 | 2.96 ± 0.03 | 2.17 ± 0.02 | ||||
Purity (%) (mean ± SD, n = 6) | ||||||
2.31 ± 0.02 | 1.83 ± 0.02 | 1.48 ± 0.02 |
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Materials and Reagents
3.2. Supercritical Fluid Extraction
3.3. Soxhlet Extraction
3.4. UPLC Analysis
3.5. Experimental Design
Factors | Coded Symbols | Levels | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
−2 | −1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | ||
Extraction time (h) | X1 | 1 | 1.5 | 2 | 2.5 | 3 |
Extraction temperature (°C) | X2 | 35 | 40 | 45 | 50 | 55 |
Extraction pressure (MPa) | X3 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 |
Ethanol concentration (ethanol/water, v/v, %) | X4 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 90 | 100 |
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ruan, X.; Yan, L.-Y.; Li, X.-X.; Liu, B.; Zhang, H.; Wang, Q. Optimization of Process Parameters of Extraction of Amentoflavone, Quercetin and Ginkgetin from Taxus chinensis Using Supercritical CO2 Plus Co-Solvent. Molecules 2014, 19, 17682-17696. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules191117682
Ruan X, Yan L-Y, Li X-X, Liu B, Zhang H, Wang Q. Optimization of Process Parameters of Extraction of Amentoflavone, Quercetin and Ginkgetin from Taxus chinensis Using Supercritical CO2 Plus Co-Solvent. Molecules. 2014; 19(11):17682-17696. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules191117682
Chicago/Turabian StyleRuan, Xiao, Liu-Ye Yan, Xian-Xian Li, Ben Liu, Huan Zhang, and Qiang Wang. 2014. "Optimization of Process Parameters of Extraction of Amentoflavone, Quercetin and Ginkgetin from Taxus chinensis Using Supercritical CO2 Plus Co-Solvent" Molecules 19, no. 11: 17682-17696. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules191117682