A Comprehensive Review of the Structure Elucidation and Biological Activity of Triterpenoids from Ganoderma spp.

Xia, Qing; Zhang, Huazheng; Sun, Xuefei; Zhao, Haijuan; Wu, Lingfang; Zhu, Dan; Yang, Guanghui; Shao, Yanyan; Zhang, Xiaoxue; Mao, Xin; Zhang, Lanzhen; She, Gaimei

doi:10.3390/molecules191117478

Open AccessReview

A Comprehensive Review of the Structure Elucidation and Biological Activity of Triterpenoids from Ganoderma spp.

by

Qing Xia

^1,†,

Huazheng Zhang

^2,†,

Xuefei Sun

¹,

Haijuan Zhao

¹,

Lingfang Wu

¹,

Dan Zhu

¹,

Guanghui Yang

¹,

Yanyan Shao

¹,

Xiaoxue Zhang

¹,

Xin Mao

¹,

Lanzhen Zhang

^1,*

and

Gaimei She

^1,*

¹

School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China

²

School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Molecules 2014, 19(11), 17478-17535; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules191117478

Submission received: 11 July 2014 / Revised: 13 August 2014 / Accepted: 15 August 2014 / Published: 30 October 2014

(This article belongs to the Section Metabolites)

Abstract

:

Ganoderma triterpenes (GTs) are the major secondary metabolites of Ganoderma lucidum, a traditional Chinese medicine, popularly used for complementary cancer therapy. GTs are lanostane-tetracyclic triterpenes. They have been reported to possess anti-tumor, anti-inflammation, antioxidant, antimicrobial and blood fat reducing effects. To date, 316 GTs have been found and their similar chemical structures have proved difficult to elucidate. This paper compiles 316 naturally occurring triterpenes from Ganoderma based on the literature published through January 2013 along with their structures, physiological activities and ¹³C-NMR spectral data.

Keywords:

Ganoderma; triterpenes; chemical structure; ¹³C-NMR data; bioactivity

Graphical Abstract

1. Introduction

Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss. ex Fr.) Karst, a medicinal fungus called “Lingzhi” in China, is one of the most highly regarded medicinal fungi in the world. It is ranked as rare and precious in the ancient Chinese medical encyclopedias “Shen Nong’s Ben Cao Jing” and “Ben Cao Gang Mu”. The main Lingzhi-producing regions are East China, Southwest China and the provinces of Hebei, and Guangxi. It can be used in the prevention and treatment of various types of disease, such as cancer, hepatopathy, arthritis, hypertension, neurasthenia, debility, etc. Its the most attractive characteristics are its immunomodulatory and antitumor activities [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. Ganoderma contains many bioactive natural components, including triterpenes (GTs), polysaccharides, proteins, and unsaturated fatty acids. The triterpenes and polysaccharides are deemed to be the primary bioactive compounds of Ganoderma.

Kubota isolated ganoderic acid A and ganoderic acid B from Ganoderma lucidum (FR.) KARST in 1982 [9]. Since then, more than 316 triterpenes have been isolated from the fruiting bodies, spores, gills, and mycelia of many Ganoderma mushrooms. This total was derived from our investigation of the references. As reported, the majority of GTs exhibit a wide range of biological activities, including antitumor, anti-HIV-1, antihypertensive, antiangiogenic, immunomodulatory, antiandrogenic, antihepatitis B, antioxidant, anticomplement, and antimicrobial activities [10,11,12,13]. All GTs are tetracyclic triterpenes. Their chemical structures are more complex than those of other lanostanes, owing to their highly oxidized state. Generally, GTs contain 30 or 27 carbon atoms, and some have 24. The numbers of substituents as well as the positions increase the structural complexity. In this paper, all 316 triterpenes are listed. In accordance with the number of carbon atoms and their molecular features, they can be divided into different structural groups. The ¹³C-NMR data of those triterpenes, elucidation of the compounds’ structures and their bioactivities are discussed. We aim at providing a useful and fast way for identifying GTs. Finally, possible trends and perspectives for future investigation of these mushrooms are also included.

2. Ganoderma Triterpenes

Triterpenes are widely distributed in traditional Chinese medicines. Their structures are considered to be derived from the acyclic precursor squalene. More than 20,000 triterpenes have been isolated and identified from Nature, including squalene, lanostane, dammarane, lupine, oleanane, ursane, and hopane structure types [14,15]. The Ganoderma triterpenes belong to the lanostane triterpenes (Figure 1).

Figure 1. A prototypical lanostane triterpenoid skeleton.

Most of them contain 30 or 27 carbon atoms. A few have 24 carbon atoms. These compounds possesses the same skeleton, namely a trans configuration of rings A/B, B/C, C/D and and 10β, 13β, 14α, 17β substituents. Moreover, substituents are always found at the C-3, 7, 11, 12, 15, 22, 23, 24 and 25 positions of the parent nucleus.

On the basis of the substituent groups and double bonds in the same position, they are classified into different types. Compounds 1–221 (Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4, Figure 5, Figure 6, Figure 7, Figure 8, Figure 9, Figure 10, Figure 11, Figure 12, Figure 13, Figure 14, Figure 15, Figure 16, Figure 17, Figure 18, Figure 19, Figure 20 and Figure 21) possess 30 carbon atoms. Among them, 1–37 (Figure 2) contain double bonds between C-8 and C-9, a keto group at C-23, and substituent groups at C-3, 7, 11, 12, 15, 25. In this figure, compounds 1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 11–14, 17, 18, 20, 25, 26, 28, 31, 32, 34, and 35 possess β-hydroxy groups at C-3, and the others possess a keto group, except 3β-oxo-formyl-7β, 12β-dihydroxy-5α-lanost-11,15,23-trioxo-8-en(E)-26-oic acid (21) with a formyl located at the C-3 position. Compounds 2, 3, 9–17, 19–23, 25, 27, 31, 34–36 have hydroxy groups at C-7, and furthermore, 19, 20, 22 have α-configurations. What’s more, compounds 1, 4, 18, 24, 26, 28–30, 32, 33, and 37 have a carbonyl at C-7. In this group, C-11 mainly has a carbonyl substituent except in ganoderic acid Df (27) with a β-hydroxyl at this position. The majority of these compounds do not have any substituents at C-12, while compounds 1, 4, 24, 25, 28, 29, 31 possess β-acetyloxy and compounds 21, 35–37 possess β-hydroxyls. All of these compounds display carbonyls or β-hydroxyls at C-15. As to other configurations, both α- and β-C-21, 17β (compounds 5–16, 21, 28–30, 35) and 20 α-configurations can be found in this group. Carboxyl, formyl, ethanoyl or butyryl moieties can be found at C-25, most commonly carboxyl. These compounds have extensive biological activities.

Compared with the compounds in Figure 2, compounds 38–70 in Figure 3 possess double bonds between C-24 and C-25, and have a hydroxy or no substituent at C-23, instead of a carbonyl. Some other substituents are also found at C-3, 7, 11, 12, 15, 23, 25. In this group, lucialdehyde C (46) displays strong antitumor activity and ganoderic acid β (53) reveals great anti-HIV-1 protease activity. Compounds 71–84 (Figure 4) get an acetate substituent at C-22 and no substituent at C-11. Meanwhile, compounds 85–98 (Figure 5) have double bonds at C-20(22) and keto groups at C-11. From all the listed structures, we can clearly identify compounds 99–105 in Figure 6 by the carboxymethyl substitution at C-25, carbonyl substituent at C-11, a keto group at C-23, and β-configuration of C-21. Compounds 106–110 are assigned to the same group owing to the methyl at C-20, carbonyl substituent at C-11, and carboxyl at C-25. Lucidumol A (111), ganoderiol C-H (112–115), and ganoderitriol M (116) differ from the others on account of the hydroxy at C-24 and C-25. As is shown in Figure 9, Figure 10, Figure 11, Figure 12, Figure 13, Figure 14, Figure 15, Figure 16 and Figure 17, compounds 117–123, 124–126, 127–130, 131–133, 134–135, 136–139, 140–141, 142–145 and 146–147 possess extremely similar skeletons. Because of their distinctive skeletons, 148–155 are listed independently. There are no double bonds between C-8 and C-9 in compounds 156–221, and two double bonds at C-7(8) and C-9(11), respectively. Among the compounds above, ganoderic acid Jc (187), ganoderiol F (190), and 15α,26-dihydroxy-5α-lanosta-7,9,24(E)-trien-3-one (212) showed remarkable antitumor activity. Significant anti-HIV-1 protease activity has been expressed in ganoderic acid S1 (159) and ganodermic acid T-Q (183). Compounds 156–196 (Figure 19) have the same skeleton with substituents at C-3, 15, 16, 20, 22, 23, 25 and double bonds at C-24(25). In this group, 3α, 16α-dihydroxylanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-21-oic acid (157), 3α, 16α, 26-trihydroxylanosta-7,9(11), 24-trien-21-oic acid (158) and 16α-hydroxy-3-oxolanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-21-oic acid (196) possess a hydroxyl at C-16 and carboxyl at C-20. Compounds 197–213 (Figure 20) have the same position of substituents. They possess an α- or β-configuration at C-21. The majority have double bonds between C-24 and C-25, except some with hydroxyl, acetoxyl or no substituents at C-24 and C-25. Compounds 214–219 (Figure 21) have a hydroxy or acetoxyl at C-22, while epoxyganoderiol B (220) and C (221) (Figure 22) possess an epoxy at C-24(25). Compounds 222–266 have the basic skeleton of 27 carbon atoms. Furthermore, they are also subdivided into different groups due to the difference of substituents and position of double bonds. The C-8(9) double bonds are the same in compounds 222–260 (Figure 23). 4,4,14α-Trimethyl-5α-chol-7,9(11)-dien-3-oxo-24-oic acid (261) and ganoderic acid Jd (262) (Figure 24) get two double bonds at C-7(8) and C-9(11), respectively. Compared with the compounds in Figure 22, compounds 263–266 in Figure 25 have hydroxy substituents at C-29. Compounds 267–287 are divided into different groups on account of their characteristic skeletons. We list the structures of compounds 288–307 successively, in consideration of the number of substituents and the substituents’ complicated positions. Fornicatin B(308), G(309), A(310), H(311) and australic acid (312) are 3,4-seco-trinorlanostane triterpenoids. In addition, compounds 313–316 only have 24 carbon atoms. The names, corresponding plant resources and references of the compounds are compiled in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, Table 4, Table 5, Table 6, Table 7, Table 8, Table 9, Table 10 and Table 11.

Table 1. Ganoderma triterpenes 1–37 in Figure 2.

**Table 1.** Ganoderma triterpenes 1–37 in Figure 2.
No.	Compound Name	Source	Ref.
1	n-Butyl ganoderate H (n-butyl 12β-acetoxy-3β-hydroxy-7,11,15,23-tetraoxo-5α-lanost-8-en-26-oate)	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[16]
2	Butyl ganoderate A	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[17]
3	Butyl ganoderate B	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[17]
4	Ganoderic acid α (12β-acetoxy-3β, 15β-dihydroxy-7,11,23-trioxo-5α-lanosta-8-en-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[18]
5	Ganolucidic acid A	G. lucidum (gill surface)	[19]
6	Methyl ganolucidate A (methyl 15α-hydroxy-3,11,23-trioxo-5α-lanost-8-en-26-oate)	G. lucidum (gill surface)	[19,20]
7	Ganolucidic acid B	G. lucidum (gill surface)	[19]
8	Methyl ganolucidate B	G. lucidum (gill surface)	[19,20]
9	Ganoderic acid A (7β, 15α-dihydroxy-3,11,23-trioxo-5α-lanost-8-en-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum	[9,21]
10	Methyl ganoderate A (methyl 7β, 15α-dihydroxy-3,11,23-trioxo-5α-lanost-8-en-26-oate)	G. lucidum	[21]
11	Ganoderic acid B (3β, 7β-dihydroxy-11,15,23-trioxo-5α-lanost-8-en-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum	[21]
12	Methyl ganoderate B (methyl 3β, 7β-dihydroxy-11,15,23-trioxo-5α-lanost-8-en-26-oate)	G. lucidum	[9,21]
13	Ganoderic acid C (3β, 7β, 15α-trihydroxy-11,23-dioxo-5α-lanost-8-en-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum	[21]
14	Methyl ganoderate C	G. lucidum	[21]
15	Ganoderic acid D (7β-hydroxy-3,11,15,23-tetraoxo-5α-lanost-8-en-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum	[21]
16	Methyl ganoderate D	G. lucidum	[21]
17	Methyl ganoderate C₂ (methyl 3β, 7β, 15α-trihydroxy-11,23-dioxo-5α-lanost-8-en-26-oate)	G. lucidum (gills)	[22]
18	Methyl ganoderate K	G. lucidum (gills)	[22,23]
19	Compound B₈	G. lucidum (gills)	[22]
20	Compound B₉	G. lucidum (gills)	[22]
21	3β-Oxo-formyl-7β, 12β-dihydroxy-5α-lanost-11,15,23-trioxo-8-en(E)-26-oic acid	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[24]
22	Ganoderic acid B₈	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[25]
23	Ganoderic acid C₁	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[25]
24	12β-Acetoxy-3,7,11,15,23-pentaoxo-5α-lanosta-8-en-26-oic acid ethyl ester	G. lucidum	[26]
25	3β, 7β-Dihydroxy-12β-acetoxy-11,15,23-trioxo-5α-lanosta-8-en-26-oic acid methyl ester	G. lucidum	[27]
26	3β-Hydroxy-7,11,12,15,23-pentaoxolanost-8-en-26-oic acid	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[28]
27	Ganoderic acid Df (7β, 11β-dihydroxy-3,15,23-trioxo-5α-lanosta-8-en-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum	[29]
28	Ganoderic acid H	G. lucidum (gill surface)	[30]
29	Ganoderic acid F (12β-acetoxy-3,7,11,15-pentaoxo-5α-lanost-8-en-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum (dried fruit bodies)	[31]
30	Ganoderic acid E (3,7,11,15,23-pentaoxo-5α-lanost-8-en-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum (dried fruit bodies)	[31]
31	Ganoderic acid K	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[32]
32	Ganoderic acid AM₁	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[32]
33	Ganoderic acid J	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[32]
34	Ganoderic acid C₂ (3β, 7β, 15α-trihydroxy-11,23-dioxo-5α-lanosta-8-en-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum (gills)	[22]
35	Ganoderic acid G (3β, 7β, 15β-trihydroxy-11,15,23-trioxo-5α-lanosta-8-en-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum (dried fruit bodies)	[31]
36	7β, 12β-Dihydroxy-3,11,15,23-tetraoxo-5α-lanosta-8-en-26-oic acid	G. lucidum	[26]
37	12β-Hydroxy-3,7,11,15,23-pentaoxo-5α-lanosta-8-en-26-oic acid	G. lucidum	[26]

Table 2. Ganoderma triterpenes (38–70) in Figure 3.

**Table 2.** Ganoderma triterpenes (38–70) in Figure 3.
No.	Compound Name	Source	Ref.
38	Ganoderic acid GS-1 (7β-hydroxy-3,11,15-trioxolanosta-8,24(E)-dien-26-oic acid)	G. sinense (fruit bodies)	[33]
39	Ganoderic acid GS-2 (7β, 15α-dihydroxy-3,11-dioxolanosta-8,24(E)-dien-26-oic acid)	G. sinense (fruit bodies)	[33]
40	Ganoderic acid GS-3 (12β-acetoxy-3β, 7β-dihydroxy-11,15-dioxo-lanosta-8,24(E)-dien-26-oic acid)	G. sinense (fruit bodies)	[33]
41	Ganoderic acid AP₂ (12β, 15α-diacetoxy-3β-hydroxy-11-oxolanost-8,24(E)-dien-26-oic acid)	G. applanatum (fruit bodies)	[34]
42	23S-Hydroxy-3,7,11,15-tetraoxolanost-8,24E-diene-26-oic acid	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[32]
43	7-Oxoganoderic acid Z (3β-hydroxy-7-oxo-5α-lanosta-8,24(E)-dien-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[35]
44	Ganoderic acid LM₂ ((23S) 7β,-dihydroxy-3,11,15-trioxo-5α-lanosta-8,24-dien-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[36]
45	Lucialdehyde B ((24E)-3,7-dioxo-5α-lanosta-8,24-dien-26-al)	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[25]
46	Lucialdehyde C ((24E)-3β-hydroxy-7-oxo-5α-lanosta-8,24-dien-26-al)	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[25]
47	Ganoderic acid γ ((23S)-7β, 15α, 23-trihydroxy-3,11-dioxolanosta-8,24(E)-diene-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum (spores)	[37]
48	Ganoderic acid δ ((23S)-7α, 15α, 23-trihydroxy-3,11-dioxolanosta-8,24(E)-diene-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum (spores)	[37]
49	Ganoderic acid ε ((23S)-3β, 7β, 23-trihydroxy-11,15-dioxolanosta-8,24(E)-diene-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum (spores)	[37]
50	Ganoderic acid ζ ((23S)-3β, 23-dihydroxy-7,11,15-trioxolanosta-8,24(E)-diene-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum (spores)	[37]
51	Ganoderic acid η ((23S)-3β, 7β, 12β, 23-tetrahydroxy-11,15-dioxolanosta-8,24(E)-diene-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum (spores)	[37]
52	Ganoderic acid θ ((23S)-3β, 12β, 23-trihydroxy-7,11,15-trioxolanosta-8,24(E)-diene-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum (spores)	[37]
53	Ganoderic acid β (3β, 7β-dihydroxy-11,15-dioxolanosta-8,24(E)-dien-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum (spores)	[38]
54	Ganolucidic acid E (15α-hydroxy-3,11-dioxo-5α-lanosta-8,24E-dien-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[39]
55	Ganoderal B (7α-hydroxy-3-oxo-5α-lanosta-8,24E-dien-26-al)	G. lucidum	[40]
56	Ganoderic acid Ma (3α, 7α-diacetoxy-15α-hydroxy-5α-lanost-8,24E-dien-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[41]
57	Lucialdehyde D (3,7,11-trioxo-5α-lanosta-8,24-diene-26-al)	G. pfeifferi (fruit bodies)	[42]
58	Ganoderone A (5α-lanosta-8,24-diene-26-hydroxy-3,7-dione)	G. pfeifferi (fruit bodies)	[42]
59	ganoderic acid Mi (3α-acetoxy-15α-hydroxy-7α-methoxy-5α-lanost-8,24E-dien-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum (mycelial mat)	[43]
60	11α-Hydroxy-3,7-dioxo-5α-lanosta-8,24(E)-dien-26-oic acid	G. lucidum	[26]
61	11β-Hydroxy-3,7-dioxo-5α-lanosta-8,24(E)-dien-26-oic acid	G. lucidum	[26]
62	Lucidadiol (5α-lanosta-8,24-dien-3β, 26-dihydroxy-7-one)	G. lucidum	[44]
63	Lucidal (5α-lanosta-8,24E-dien-3β-hydroxy-7-on-26-al)	G. lucidum	[44]
64	Ganoderic acid DM (3,7-dioxo-8,24(E)-dien-lanosta-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum (cultured fruit bodies)	[45]
65	Ganoderic acid V	G. orbiforme	[46]
66	Ganolucidic acid γa (3β, 7β, 15α, 23-tetrahydroxy-11-oxo-5α-lanosta-8,24-dien-26-oic acid)	G. sinense (fruit bodies)	[47]
67	Ganolucidate F (3β, 15α, 23-trihydroxy-11-oxo-5α-lanosta-8,24-dien-26-oic acid)	G. sinense (fruit bodies)	[47]
68	Lucialdehyde E (7β, 15α-dihydroxy-3,11-dioxo-5α-lanosta-8,24-dien-26-al)	G. lucidum (spores)	[48]
69	Ganolucidic acid D	G. lucidum (spores)	[37]
70	Ganoderic acid W	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[41]

Figure 2. Structures of compounds 1–37.


Cpd	R1	R2	R3	R4	R5	R6	R7
1	β-OH	=O	=O	β-O-Ac	=O	α-CH₃	COOBu
2	=O	β-OH	=O	H	α-OH	α-CH₃	COOBu
3	β-OH	β-OH	=O	H	=O	α-CH₃	COOBu
4	β-OH	=O	=O	β-O-Ac	α-OH	α-CH₃	COOH
5	=O	H	=O	H	α-OH	β-CH₃	COOH
6	=O	H	=O	H	α-OH	β-CH₃	COOCH₃
7	β-OH	H	=O	H	α-OH	β-CH₃	COOH
8	β-OH	H	=O	H	α-OH	β-CH₃	COOCH₃
9	=O	β-OH	=O	H	α-OH	β-CH₃	COOH
10	=O	β-OH	=O	H	α-OH	β-CH₃	COOCH₃
11	β-OH	β-OH	=O	H	=O	β-CH₃	COOH
12	β-OH	β-OH	=O	H	=O	β-CH₃	COOCH₃
13	β-OH	β-OH	=O	H	α-OH	β-CH₃	COOH
14	β-OH	β-OH	=O	H	α-OH	β-CH₃	COOCH₃
15	=O	β-OH	=O	H	=O	β-CH₃	COOH
16	=O	β-OH	=O	H	=O	β-CH₃	COOCH₃
17	β-OH	β-OH	=O	H	α-OH	α-CH₃	COOCH₃
18	β-OH	=O	=O	H	α-OH	α-CH₃	COOCH₃
19	=O	α-OH	=O	H	α-OH	α-CH₃	COOCH₃
20	β-OH	α-OH	=O	H	α-OH	α-CH₃	COOCH₃
21	O-CHO	β-OH	=O	β-OH	=O	β-CH₃	COOH
22	=O	α-OH	=O	H	α-OH	α-CH₃	COOH
23	=O	β-OH	=O	H	=O	α-CH₃	COOH
24	=O	=O	=O	β-O-COCH₃	=O	α-CH₃	COOEt
25	β-OH	β-OH	=O	β-O-COCH₃	=O	α-CH₃	COOCH₃
26	β-OH	=O	=O	=O	=O	α-CH₃	COOH
27	=O	β-OH	β-OH	H	=O	α-CH₃	COOH
28	β-OH	=O	=O	β-O-Ac	=O	β-CH₃	COOH
29	=O	=O	=O	β-O-Ac	=O	β-CH₃	COOH
30	=O	=O	=O	H	=O	β-CH₃	COOH
31	β-OH	β-OH	=O	β-O-Ac	=O	α-CH₃	COOH
32	β-OH	=O	=O	H	=O	α-CH₃	COOH
33	=O	=O	=O	H	α-OH	α-CH₃	COOH
34	β-OH	β-OH	=O	H	α-OH	α-CH₃	COOH
35	β-OH	β-OH	=O	β-OH	=O	β-CH₃	COOH
36	=O	β-OH	=O	β-OH	=O	α-CH₃	COOH
37	=O	=O	=O	β-OH	=O	α-CH₃	COOH

Figure 3. Structures of compounds 38–70.


Cpd	R1	R2	R3	R4	R5	R6	R7	R8
38	=O	β-OH	=O	H	=O	α-CH₃	H	COOH
39	=O	β-OH	=O	H	α-OH	α-CH₃	H	COOH
40	β-OH	β-OH	=O	β-O-Ac	=O	α-CH₃	H	COOH
41	β-OH	H	=O	β-O-Ac	α-O-Ac	α-CH₃	H	COOH
42	=O	=O	=O	H	=O	α-CH₃	β-OH	COOH
43	β-OH	=O	H	H	H	β-CH₃	H	COOH
44	=O	OH	=O	H	=O	α-CH₃	OH	COOH
45	=O	=O	H	H	H	α-CH₃	H	CHO
46	β-OH	=O	H	H	H	α-CH₃	H	CHO
47	=O	β-OH	=O	H	α-OH	α-CH₃	β-OH	COOH
48	=O	α-OH	=O	H	α-OH	α-CH₃	β-OH	COOH
49	β-OH	β-OH	=O	H	=O	α-CH₃	β-OH	COOH
50	β-OH	=O	=O	H	=O	α-CH₃	β-OH	COOH
51	β-OH	β-OH	=O	β-OH	=O	α-CH₃	β-OH	COOH
52	β-OH	=O	=O	β-OH	=O	α-CH₃	β-OH	COOH
53	β-OH	β-OH	=O	H	=O	α-CH₃	H	COOH
54	=O	H	=O	H	α-OH	β-CH₃	H	COOH
55	=O	α-OH	H	H	H	β-CH₃	H	CHO
56	α-O-Ac	α-O-Ac	H	H	α-OH	β-CH₃	H	COOH
57	=O	=O	=O	H	H	α-CH₃	H	CHO
58	=O	=O	H	H	H	α-CH₃	H	CH₂OH
59	α-O-Ac	α-O-CH₃	H	H	α-OH	β-CH₃	H	COOH
60	=O	=O	α-OH	H	H	α-CH₃	H	COOH
61	=O	=O	β-OH	H	H	α-CH₃	H	COOH
62	β-OH	=O	H	H	H	α-CH₃	H	CH₂OH
63	β-OH	=O	H	H	H	α-CH₃	H	CHO
64	=O	=O	H	H	H	α-CH₃	H	COOH
65	=O	α-OH	H	H	α-O-Ac	α-CH₃	H	COOH
66	β-OH	β-OH	=O	H	α-OH	α-CH₃	β-OH	COOH
67	β-OH	H	=O	H	α-OH	α-CH₃	β-OH	COOH
68	=O	β-OH	=O	H	α-OH	α-CH₃	H	CHO
69	=O	H	=O	H	α-OH	α-CH₃	β-OH	COOH
70	α-O-Ac	α-OH	H	H	α-O-Ac	β-CH₃	H	COOH

Table 3. Ganoderma triterpenes 71–98 in Figure 4 and Figure 5.

**Table 3.** Ganoderma triterpenes 71–98 in Figure 4 and Figure 5.
No.	Compound Name	Source	Ref.
71	Ganoderic acid Mb (3α, 15α, 22-triacetoxy-7α-hydroxy-5α-lanost-8,24E-dien-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[41]
72	Ganoderic acid Mc (3α, 7α, 22-triacetoxy-15α-hydroxy-5α-lanost-8,24E-dien-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[41]
73	Ganoderic acid Md (3α, 22-diacetoxy-7α-methoxy-5α-lanost-8,24E-dien-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[41]
74	Ganoderic acid Mg (3α, 22-diacetoxy-15α-hydroxy-7α-methoxy-5α-lanost-8,24E-dien-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum (mycelial mat)	[43]
75	Ganoderic acid Mh (3α, 22-diacetoxy-7α, 15α-dihydroxy-5α-lanost-8,24E-dien-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum (mycelial mat)	[43]
76	Ganoderic acid Mj (22-acetoxy-3α-hydroxy-7α-methoxy-5α-lanost-8,24E-dien-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum (mycelial mat)	[43]
77	3α, 22β-Diacetoxy-7α-hydroxyl-5α-lanost-8,24E-dien-26-oic acid	G. lucidum (mycelial mat)	[49]
78	Ganorbiformin B	G. orbiforme	[46]
79	Ganorbiformin C	G. orbiforme	[46]
80	Ganorbiformin D	G. orbiforme	[46]
81	Ganorbiformin E	G. orbiforme	[46]
82	Ganorbiformin F	G. orbiforme	[46]
83	Ganoderic acid O ((22S, 24E)-3α, l5α, 22-triacetoxy-7α-hydroxy-5α-lanosta-7,24-dien-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum (cultured mycelium)	[50]
84	7-O-Methylganoderic acid O ((22S, 24E)-3α, l5α, 22-triacetoxy-7α-methoxy-5α-lanosta-8,24-dien-26-oic acid)	G. Lucidum (cultured mycelium)	[50]
85	12β-Acetoxy-3β-hydroxy-7,11,15,23-tetraoxo-lanost-8,20E-diene-26-oic acid	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[32]
86	23-Dihydroganoderenic acid D (7β, 23ξ-dihydroxy-3,11,15-trioxolanosta-8,20E(22)-dien-26-oic acid)	G. applanatum (fruit bodies)	[51]
87	Methyl ganoderenate D (7β-hydroxy-3,11,15,23-tetraoxolanosta-8,20E(22)-dien-26-oic acid methyl ester)	G. applanatum (fruit bodies)	[51]
88	Ganoderenic acid A ((20E)-7β, 15α-dihydroxy-3,11,23-trioxo-5α-lanost-8,20-dien-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum (dried fruit bodies)	[31]
89	Ganoderenic acid B ((20E)-3β, 7β-dihydroxy-11,15,23-trioxo-5α-lanost-8,20-dien-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum (dried fruit bodies)	[31]
90	Ganoderenic acid C ((20E)-3β, 7β, 15α-trihydroxy-11,23-dioxo-5α-lanost-8,20-dien-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum (dried fruit bodies)	[31]
91	Ganoderenic acid D ((20E)-7β-hydroxy-3,11,15,23-tetraoxo-5α-lanost-8,20-dien-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum (dried fruit bodies)	[31]
92	12β-Acetoxy-7β-hydroxy-3,11,15,23-tetraoxo-5α-lanosta-8,20-dien-26-oic acid	G. lucidum	[26]
93	Ganoderenic acid F (3,7,11,15,23-pentaoxo-5α-lanosta-8,20E-dien-26-oic acid)	G. applanatum (fruit bodies)	[52]
94	Ganoderenic acid G (15α-hydroxy-3,7,11,23-tetraoxo-5α-lanosta-8,20E-dien-26-oic acid)	G. applanatum (fruit bodies)	[52]
95	Methy ganoderenate H (methyl 3β-hydroxy-7,11,15,23-tetraoxo-5α-lanosta-8,20E-dien-26-oate)	G. applanatum (fruit bodies)	[52]
96	Methyl ganoderenate I (3β, 15α-dihydroxy-7,11,23-trioxo-5α-lanosta-8,20E-dien-26-oate)	G. applanatum (fruit bodies)	[52]
97	Ganoderenic acid H	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[32]
98	12β-Acetoxy-3β, 7β-dihydroxy-11,15,23-trioxo-5α-lanosta-8,20-dien-26-oic acid	G. lucidum	[26]

Figure 4. Structures of compounds 71–84.


Cpd	R1	R2	R3	R4	R5
71	α-O-Ac	α-OH	α-O-Ac	β-CH₃	ξ-O-Ac
72	α-O-Ac	α-O-Ac	α-OH	β-CH₃	ξ-O-Ac
73	α-O-Ac	α-O-CH₃	H	β-CH₃	ξ-O-Ac
74	α-O-Ac	α-O-CH₃	α-OH	β-CH₃	ξ-O-Ac
75	α-O-Ac	α-OH	α-OH	β-CH₃	ξ-O-Ac
76	α-OH	α-O-CH₃	H	β-CH₃	ξ-O-Ac
77	α-O-Ac	α-OH	H	α-CH₃	β-O-Ac
78	β-O-Ac	=O	H	α-CH₃	β-O-Ac
79	β-OH	=O	H	α-CH₃	β-O-Ac
80	=O	α-OH	α-O-Ac	α-CH₃	β-O-Ac
81	=O	α-OH	H	α-CH₃	β-O-Ac
82	=O	α-O-CH₃	H	α-CH₃	β-O-Ac
83	α-O-Ac	α-OH	α-O-Ac	α-CH₃	β-O-Ac
84	α-O-Ac	α-O-CH₃	α-O-Ac	α-CH₃	β-O-Ac

Figure 5. Structures of compounds 85–98.


Cpd	R1	R2	R3	R4	R5	R6	R7
85	β-OH	=O	β-O-Ac	=O	β-CH₃	=O	COOH
86	=O	β-OH	H	=O	β-CH₃	ξ-OH	ξ-COOH
87	=O	β-OH	H	=O	β-CH₃	=O	ξ-COOCH₃
88	=O	β-OH	H	α-OH	β-CH₃	=O	COOH
89	β-OH	β-OH	H	=O	β-CH₃	=O	COOH
90	β-OH	β-OH	H	α-OH	β-CH₃	=O	COOH
91	=O	β-OH	H	=O	β-CH₃	=O	COOH
92	=O	β-OH	β-O-Ac	=O	β-CH₃	=O	COOH
93	=O	=O	H	=O	β-CH₃	=O	COOH
94	=O	=O	H	α-OH	β-CH₃	=O	COOH
95	β-OH	=O	H	=O	β-CH₃	=O	COCH₃
96	β-OH	=O	H	α-OH	β-CH₃	=O	COCH₃
97	β-OH	=O	H	=O	β-CH₃	=O	COOH
98	β-OH	β-OH	β-O-Ac	=O	α-CH₃	=O	COOH

Table 4. Ganoderma triterpenes 99–123 in Figure 6, Figure 7, Figure 8 and Figure 9.

**Table 4.** Ganoderma triterpenes 99–**123** in Figure 6, Figure 7, Figure 8 and Figure 9.
No.	Compound Name	Source	Ref.
99	Methyl ganoderate D (methyl 3β, 7β, 15α-trihydroxy-11,23-dioxo-5α-lanost-8-en-26-oate)	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[53,54]
100	Methyl ganoderate E (methyl 3β, 7β, 15α-trihydroxy-11,23-dioxo-5α-lanost-8-en-26-oate)	G. lucidum (gills)	[54,55]
101	Methyl ganoderate F (methyl 12β-acetoxy-3,7,11,15,23-pentaoxo-5α-lanost-8-en-26-oate)	G. lucidum (gills)	[56]
102	Methyl ganoderate H (methyl 3β-hydroxy-12β-acetoxy-7,11,15,23-tetraoxo-5α-lanost-8-en-26-oate)	G. lucidum (gills)	[30,56]
103	Methyl ganoderate G (methyl 3β, 7β, 12β-trihydroxy-11,15,23-trioxo-5α-lanost-8-en-26-oate)	G. lucidum	[20]
104	Compound C₅	G. lucidum (gill surface)	[30]
105	Compound C₆	G. lucidum (gill surface)	[30]
106	Ganoderic acid AP₃ (15α, 20ξ-dihydroxy-3,7,11,23-tetraoxolanost-8-en-26-oic acid)	G. applanatum (fruit bodies)	[34]
107	23-Dihydroganoderic acid I (3β, 7β, 20,23ξ-tetrahydroxy-11,15-dioxolanosta-8-en-26-oic acid)	G. applanatum (fruit bodies)	[51]
108	23-Dihydroganoderic acid N (7β, 20,23ξ-trihydroxy-3,11,15-trioxolanosta-8-en-26-oic acid)	G. applanatum (fruit bodies)	[51]
109	20-Hydroxylganoderic acid G	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[57]
110	Ganoderic acid I	G. lucidum (gills)	[22]
111	Lucidumol A ((24S)-24,25-dihydroxylanost-8-ene-3,7-dione)	G. lucidum (spores)	[38]
112	Ganoderiol C (7α-ethoxy-24,25,26-trihydroxy-5α-lanost-8-en-3-one)	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[39]
113	Ganoderiol D (24,25,26-trihydroxy-5α-lanost-8-en-3,7-dione)	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[39]
114	Ganoderiol G (24,25,26-trihydroxy-7α-methoxy-5α-lanost-8-en-3-one)	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[39]
115	Ganoderiol H (3β, 24,25,26-tetrahydroxy-5α-lanost-8-en-7-one)	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[39]
116	Ganoderitriol M ((24S)-lanosta-7-oxo-8-en-3β, 24,25-triol)	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[58]
117	Sinensoic acid (3,26-dihydroxy-5-lanosta-8,24E-dien-21-oic acid)	G. sinense (fruit bodies)	[59]
118	Tsugarioside B (3α-acetoxy-5α-lanosta-8,24-diene-21-O-β-d-xyloside)	G. tsugae (fruit bodies)	[60]
119	Tsugaric acid A (3α-acetoxy-5α-lanosta-8,24-dien-21-oic acid)	G. tsugae	[61]
120	Ganosinoside A (3-oxo-5α-lanosta-8,24-dien-21-oic acid ester β-d-glucoside)	G. sinense (fruit bodies)	[47]
121	Tsugarioside A (3α-acetoxy-5α-lanosta-8,24-dien-21-oic acid ester β-d-glucoside)	G. tsugae (fruit bodies)	[60]
122	3-Oxo-5α-lanosta-8,24-dien-21-oic acid	G. resinaceum (fruit bodies)	[62]
123	3β-Hydroxy-5α-lanosta-8,24-dien-21-oic acid	G. tsugae (fruit bodies)	[60]

Figure 6. Structures of compounds 99–105.


Cpd	R1	R2	R3	R4
99	β-OH	β-OH	H	α-OH
100	=O	=O	H	=O
101	=O	=O	β-O-Ac	=O
102	β-OH	=O	β-O-Ac	=O
103	β-OH	β-OH	β-OH	=O
104	=O	β-OH	OH	=O
105	β-OH	=O	OH	=O

Figure 7. Structures of compounds 106‒110


Cpd	R1	R2	R3	R4	R5	R6	R7	R8
106	=O	=O	H	α-OH	β-CH₃	ξ-OH	=O	COOH
107	β-OH	β-OH	H	=O	α-CH₃	β-OH	ξ-OH	ξ-COOH
108	=O	β-OH	H	=O	α-CH₃	β-OH	ξ-OH	ξ-COOH
109	β-OH	β-OH	β-OH	=O	β-CH₃	β-OH	=O	COOH
110	β-OH	β-OH	=O	=O	α-CH₃	ξ-OH	=O	COOH

Figure 8. Structures of compounds 111‒116


Cpd	R1	R2	R3	R4	R5
111	=O	=O	α-CH₃	α-OH	CH₃
112	=O	α-O-Et	β-CH₃	ξ-OH	CH₂OH
113	=O	=O	β-CH₃	ξ-OH	CH₂OH
114	=O	α-O-CH₃	β-CH₃	ξ-OH	CH₂OH
115	β-OH	=O	β-CH₃	ξ-OH	CH₂OH
116	β-OH	=O	α-CH₃	α-OH	CH₃

Figure 9. Structures of compounds 117‒123.


Cpd	R1	R2	R₃
117	β-OH	α-COOH	CH₂OH
118	α-O-Ac	CH₂O-β-D-xylosyl	CH₃
119	α-O-COCH₃	α-COOH	CH₃
120	=O	α-COO-β-D-glucopyranosyl	CH₃
121	α-O-Ac	α-COOH	CH₃
122	=O	α-COOH	CH₃
123	β-OH	α-COOH	CH₃

Table 5. Ganoderma triterpenes 124–147 in Figure 10, Figure 11, Figure 12, Figure 13, Figure 14, Figure 15, Figure 16 and Figure 17 and Ganoderma triterpenes 148–155 in Figure 18.

**Table 5.** Ganoderma triterpenes **124**–**147** in Figure 10, Figure 11, Figure 12, Figure 13, Figure 14, Figure 15, Figure 16 and Figure 17 and Ganoderma triterpenes **148**–**155** in Figure 18.
No.	Compound Name	Source	Ref.
124	3β, 7β-Dihydroxy-11,15,23-trioxolanost-8,16-dien-26-oic acid	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[63]
125	3β, 7β-Dihydroxy-11,15,23-trioxolanost-8,16-dien-26-oic acid methyl ester	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[63]
126	12β-Acetoxy-3β, 7β-dihydroxy-11,15,23-trioxolanost-8,16-dien-26-oic acid	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[63]
127	Methyl ganoderate I	G. lucidum	[20,22]
128	Methyl ganoderate AP (methyl 12β, l5α, 20-trihydroxy-3,7,11,23- tetraoxo-5α-lanost-8-en-26-oate)	G. applanatum (fruit bodies)	[52]
129	Methyl ganoderate N (Methyl 7β, 20-dihydroxy-3,11,15,23-tetraoxo-5α-lanost-8-en-26-oate)	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[64]
130	Methyl ganoderate M (methyl 7β, 12α-dihydroxy-3,11,15,23-tetraoxo-5α-lanost-8-en-26-oate)	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[64]
131	Ganoderiol E (3β, 26,27-trihydroxy-5α-lanosta-8,24-dien-7-one)	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[39]
132	Ganoderiol I (15α, 26,27-trihydroxy-5α-lanosta-8,24-dien-3-one)	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[39]
133	Ganoderiol J (26,27-dihydroxy-5α-lanosta-8,24-dien-3,7-dione)	G. sinense (fruit bodies)	[47]
134	Epoxyganoderiol A (24S, 25S-epoxy-7α, 26-dihydroxy-5α-lanost-8-en-3-one)	G. lucidum	[40]
135	Ganoderone C (5α-lanosta-8-ene-24,25-epoxy-26-hydroxy-3,7-dione)	G. pfeifferi (fruit bodies)	[42]
136	3-O-Acetylganoderic acid B (3β-acetoxy-7β-hydroxy-11,15,23-trioxolanost-8-en-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum (mycelia)	[65]
137	3-O-Acetylganoderic acid K (3β-acetyloxy-15α-hydroxy-7,11,23-trioxolanost-8-en-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum (mycelia)	[65]
138	Ethyl 3-O-acetylganoderate B	G. lucidum (mycelia)	[65]
139	Ethyl ganoderate J	G. lucidum (mycelia)	[65]
140	Applanoxidic acid G (15β, 20-dihydroxy-7α, 8α-epoxy-3,12,23-trioxo-5α-lanosta-9(11),16-dien-26-oic acid)	G. applanatum	[66]
141	Applanoxidic acid H (3β, 12α, 20-trihydroxy-7α, 8α-epoxydioxo-5α-lanosta-9(11),16-dien-26-oic acid)	G. applanatum	[66]
142	8β, 9α-Dihydroganoderic acid J	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[57]
143	Methyl 8β, 9α-dihydroganoderate J	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[57]
144	Ganosporeric acid A (3,7,11,12,15,23-hexaoxo-5α-lanosta-8-en-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum (spores)	[67]
145	24ξ-Methyl-5α-lanosta-25-one	G. applanatum (fruit bodies)	[68]
146	3α-Carboxyacetoxy-24-methylene-23-oxolanost-8-en-26-oic acid	G. applanatum (fruit bodies)	[69]
147	3α-Carboxyacetoxy-24-methyl-23-oxolanost-8-en-26-oic acid	G. applanatum (fruit bodies)	[69]
148	Fornicatin C ((3β)-3-hydroxy-18(13→12β)-abeo-lanosta-13(17),24-dien-18-oic acid)	G. fornicatum (fruit bodies)	[70]
149	3-Epipachymic acid (3α-acetoxy-16α-hydroxy-24-methylene-5α-lanost-8-en-21-oic acid)	G. resinaceum (fruit bodies)	[62]
150	3β, 15α-Diacetoxylanosta-8,24-dien-26-oic acid	G. lucidum (mycelia)	[71]
151	Tsugaric acid C ((24R,S)-3α-acetoxy-24-hydroxy-5α-lanosta-8,25-dien-21-oic acid)	G. tsugae (fruit bodies)	[60]
152	Ganoderic acid V1 ((24E)-3β, 20ξ-dihydroxy-7,11,15-trioxo-5α-lanosta-8,24-dien-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum	[72]
153	Tsugaric acid B (3α-acetoxy-16α-hydroxy-24ξ-methyl-5α-lanosta-8,25-dien-21-oic acid)	G. tsugae	[61]
154	Methyl ganoderenate E (7β, 12β-dihydroxy-3,11,15,23-tetraoxo-5α-lanosta-8,20E-dien-26-oate)	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[64]
155	8β, 9α-Dihydroganoderic acid C	G. lucidum (mycelia)	[65]

Figure 10. Structures of compounds 124–126.


Cpd	R1	R2
124	H	COOH
125	H	COOCH₃
126	β-O-Ac	COOH

Figure 11. Structures of compounds 127–130.


Cpd	R1	R2	R3	R4
127	β-OH	β-OH	H	=O
128	=O	=O	β-OH	α-OH
129	=O	β-OH	H	=O
130	=O	β-OH	α-OH	=O

Figure 12. Structures of compounds 131‒133.


Cpd	R1	R2	R3	R4
131	β-OH	=O	H	β-CH₃
132	=O	β-CH₃	α-OH	β-CH₃
133	=O	=O	H	α-CH₃

Figure 13. Structures of compounds 134 and 135.


Cpd	R1	R2
134	α-OH	β-CH₃
135	=O	α-CH₃

Figure 14. Structures of compounds 136‒139.


Cpd	R1	R2	R3	R4
136	β-O-Ac	β-OH	=O	COOH
137	β-O-Ac	=O	α-OH	COOH
138	β-O-Ac	β-OH	=O	COOEt
139	=O	=O	α-OH	COOEt

Figure 15. Structures of compounds 140‒141.


Cpd	R1	R2	R3
140	=O	=O	β-OH
141	β-OH	α-OH	=O

Figure 16. Structures of compounds 142‒145.


Cpd	R1	R2	R3	R4	R5	R6	R7	R8	R9
142	=O	=O	=O	H	α-OH	β-CH₃	=O	H	COOH
143	=O	=O	=O	H	α-OH	β-CH₃	=O	H	COOCH₃
144	=O	=O	=O	=O	=O	β-CH₃	=O	H	COOH
145	H	H	H	H	H	α-CH₃	H	ξ-CH₃	=O

Figure 17. Structures of compounds 146‒147.


Cpd	R
146	CH₂
147	α-CH₃

Figure 18. Structures of compounds 148‒155.

**Table 6.** Ganoderma triterpenes **156**–**196** in Figure 19.
No.	Compound Name	Source	Ref.
156	15-Hydroxy-ganoderic acid S (15α-hydroxy-3-oxo-5α-lanosta-7,9(11),24(E)-trien-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[35]
157	3α, 16α-Dihydroxylanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-21-oic acid	G. applanatum (fruit bodies)	[69]
158	3α, 16α, 26-Trihydroxylanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-21-oic acid	G. applanatum (fruit bodies)	[69]
159	Ganoderic acid S₁	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[73]
160	Ganoderic acid SZ (3-oxo-lanosta-7,9(11),24(Z)-trien-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[74]
161	5α-Lanosta-7,9(11),24-triene-15α-26-dihydroxy-3-one	G. concinna	[75]
162	Ganoderic acid Me (3α, 15α-diacetoxy-5α-lanost-7,9(11),24E-trien-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum (cultured mycelial mat)	[41]
163	Ganoderic acid Mf (3α-acetoxy-15α-hydroxy-5α-lanost-7,9(11),24E-trien-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum (cultured mycelial mat)	[41]
164	Ganodermenonol (26-hydroxy-5α-lanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-3-one)	G. lucidum (dried fruit bodies)	[76]
165	Ganodermadiol (5α-lanosta-7,9(11),24-triene-3β, 26-diol)	G. lucidum (dried fruit bodies)	[76]
166	Ganodermatriol (5α-lanosta-7,9(11),24-triene-3β, 26,27-triol)	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[77]
167	Ganodermic acid S (lanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-3β, 15α-diacetoxy-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum	[78]
168	Carnosodione (26,27-dihydroxylanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-3,16-dione)	G. carnosum (fruit bodies)	[79]
169	Canoderol B ((24E)-5α-lanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-3,26-diol)	G. lucidum	[23]
170	Ganoderic acid Mk (3α, 22-diacetoxy-15α-hydroxy-5α-lanost-7,9(11),24E-trien-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum (mycelia mat)	[43]
171	Ganoderiol B (15α, 26,27-trihydroxy-5α-lanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-3-one)	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[77]
172	Ganoderic acid T ((22S, 24E)-3α, 15α, 22-triacetoxy-5α-lanosta-7,9,(11),24-trien-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum (cultured mycelia)	[80]
173	Ganoderic acid S ((22S, 24E)-22-acetoxy-3α-hydroxy-5α-lanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum (cultured mycelia)	[23,80]
174	Ganoderic acid R ((22S, 24E)-3α, 22-diacetoxy-5α-lanosta-7,9,(11),24-trien-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum (cultured mycelia)	[80]
175	Ganorbiformin G	G. orbiforme	[46]
176	Lanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-3β, 15α, 22β-triacetoxy-26-oic acid	G. lucidum	[81]
177	Lanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-15α-acetoxy-3α-hydroxy-23-oxo-26-oic acid	G. lucidum	[81]
178	Lanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-3α, l5α-diacetoxy-23-oxo-26-oic acid	G. lucidum	[81]
179	Lanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-3α, 15α-hydroxy-23-oxo-26-oic acid	G. lucidum	[81]
180	Lanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-3α-acetoxy-15α, 22β-dihydroxy-26-oic acid	G. lucidum	[81]
181	Ganodermic acid T-N (3β-hydroxy-15α-acetoxy-lanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum (mycelia)	[82]
182	Ganodermic acid T-O (3β-acetoxy-15α-hydroxy-lanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum (mycelia)	[82]
183	Ganodermic acid T-Q (3β-oxo-15α-acetoxy-lanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum (mycelia)	[82]
184	Compound 10	G. orbiforme	[46]
185	Ganoderic acid P ((22S, 24E)-15α, 22-diacetoxy-3α-hydroxy-5α-lanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum (cultured mycelium)	[50]
186	Ganoderic acid Q ((22S, 24E)-3α, 22-diacetoxy-15α-hydroxy-5α-lanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum (cultured mycelium)	[50]
187	Ganoderic acid Jc (15α, 23-dihydroxy-3-oxo-5α-lanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-26-oic acid)	G. sinense (fruit bodies)	[47]
188	Ganodermatetraol (3β, 15α, 26,27-tetrahydroxy-5α-lanosta-7,9(11),24-triene)	G. sinense (fruit bodies)	[47]
189	5α-Lanosta-7,9(11),24-triene-3β-hydroxy-26-al	G. concinna	[75]
190	Ganoderiol F (26,27-dihydroxy-5α-lanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-3-one)	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[39]
191	26,27-Dihydroxy-5α-lanosta-7,9(11),24-triene-3,22-dione	G. lucidum (basidiocarp)	[83]
192	26-Hydroxy-5α-lanosta-7,9(11),24-triene-3,22-dione	G. lucidum (basidiocarp)	[83]
193	Ganodermic acid P1 (lanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-3α, 22β-diacetoxy-15α-hydroxy-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum (mycelia)	[84]
194	Ganodermic acid P₂ (lanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-15α, 22β-diacetoxy-3β-hydroxy-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum (mycelia)	[84]
195	Lanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-3β, 15α, 22-triacetoxy-26-oic acid	G. amboinense (fruit bodies)	[85]
196	16α-Hydroxy-3-oxolanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-21-oic acid	G. applanatum (fruit bodies)	[69]

Table 7. Ganoderma triterpenes (197–213) in Figure 20.

**Table 7.** Ganoderma triterpenes (**197**–**213**) in Figure 20.
No.	Compound Name	Source	Ref.
197	Lucialdehyde A ((24E)-3β-hydroxy-5α-lanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-26-al)	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[25]
198	Ganoderiol a triacetate (3β, 24,26-triacetoxy-5α-lanosta-7, 9(11)-dien-25-ol)	G. sinense (fruit bodies)	[86]
199	Ganoderal A	G. lucidum	[23]
200	Ganoderol A	G. lucidum	[23]
201	Lucidumol B ((24S)-lanosta-7,9(11)-diene-3β, 24,25-triol)	G. lucidum (spores)	[38]
202	Ganodermanontiol (24,25,26-trihydroxy-5α-lanosta-7,9(11)-dien-3-one)	G. lucidum (spores)	[67]
203	Ganoderiol A (5α-lanosta-7,9(11)-dien-3β, 24,25,26-tetraol)	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[77]
204	Ganodermanondiol	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[87]
205	Ganoderic acid X (3α-hydroxy-15α-acetoxy-lanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-26-oic acid)	G. amboinense	[88]
206	Ganoderic acid TR	G. lucidum	[89]
207	Ganodermic acid Ja (lanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-3α, 15α-dihydroxy-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum (mycelia)	[84]
208	Ganodermic acid Jb (lanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-3β, 15α-dihydroxy-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum (mycelia)	[84]
209	Ganodermic acid R (lanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-3α, 15α-diacetoxy-26-oic acid)	G. lucidum	[78]
211	15α-Hydroxy-3-oxo-5α-lanosta-7,9,24(E)-triene-26-oic acid	G. lucidum	[26]
212	15α, 26-Dihydroxy-5α-lanosta-7,9,24(E)-trien-3-one	G. lucidum	[26]
213	3β-Hydroxy-5α-lanosta-7,9,24(E)-trien-26-oic acid	G. lucidum	[26]

Figure 19. Structures of compounds 156–196.


Cpd	R1	R2	R3	R4	R5	R6	R7	R8
156	=O	α-OH	H	β-CH₃	H	H	COOH	CH₃
157	α-OH	H	α-OH	α-COOH	H	H	CH₃	CH₃
158	α-OH	H	α-OH	α-COOH	H	H	CH₂OH	CH₃
159	=O	H	H	α-CH₃	H	H	COOH	CH₃
160	=O	H	H	β-CH₃	H	H	COOH	CH₃
161	=O	α-OH	H	α-CH₃	H	H	CH₂OH	CH₃
162	α-O-Ac	α-O-Ac	H	β-CH₃	ξ-H₂	H	COOH	CH₃
163	β-O-Ac	α-OH	H	β-CH₃	ξ-H₂	H	COOH	CH₃
164	=O	H	H	α-CH₃	H	H	CH₂OH	CH₃
165	β-OH	H	H	α-CH₃	H	H	CH₂OH	CH₃
166	β-OH	H	H	α-CH₃	H	H	CH₂OH	CH₂OH
167	β-O-Ac	α-O-Ac	H	β-CH₃	H	H	COOH	CH₃
168	=O	H	O	β-CH₃	H	H	CH₂OH	CH₂OH
169	β-OH	H	H	β-CH₃	H	H	CH₂OH	CH₃
170	α-O-Ac	α-OH	H	β-CH₃	ξ-O-Ac	H	COOH	CH₃
171	=O	α-OH	H	α-CH₃	H	H	CH₂OH	CH₂OH
172	α-O-Ac	α-O-Ac	H	α-CH₃	β-O-Ac	H	COOH	CH₃
173	α-OH	H	H	α-CH₃	β-O-Ac	H	COOH	CH₃
174	α-O-Ac	H	H	α-CH₃	β-O-Ac	H	COOH	CH₃
175	=O	H	H	α-CH₃	β-O-Ac	H	COOH	CH₃
176	β-O-Ac	α-O-Ac	H	β-CH₃	β-O-Ac	H	COOH	CH₃
177	α-OH	α-O-Ac	H	β-CH₃	H	=O	COOH	CH₃
178	α-O-Ac	α-O-Ac	H	β-CH₃	H	=O	COOH	CH₃
179	α-O-Ac	α-OH	H	β-CH₃	H	=O	COOH	CH₃
180	α-O-Ac	α-OH	H	β-CH₃	H	H	COOH	CH₃
181	β-OH	α-O-Ac	H	β-CH₃	H	H	COOH	CH₃
182	β-O-Ac	α-OH	H	β-CH₃	H	H	COOH	CH₃
183	=O	α-O-Ac	H	β-CH₃	H	H	COOH	CH₃
184	=O	α-O-Ac	H	α-CH₃	β-O-Ac	H	COOH	CH₃
185	α-OH	α-O-Ac	H	α-CH₃	β-O-Ac	H	COOH	CH₃
186	α-O-Ac	α-OH	H	α-CH₃	β-O-Ac	H	COOH	CH₃
187	=O	α-OH	H	α-CH₃	H	OH	COOH	CH₃
188	β-OH	α-OH	H	α-CH₃	H	H	CH₂OH	CH₂OH
189	β-OH	H	H	α-CH₃	H	H	CHO	CH₃
190	=O	H	H	β-CH₃	H	H	CH₂OH	CH₂OH
191	=O	H	H	α-CH₃	=O	H	CH₂OH	CH₂OH
192	=O	H	H	α-CH₃	=O	H	CH₂OH	CH₃
193	α-O-Ac	α-OH	H	β-CH₃	O-Ac	H	COOH	CH₃
194	β-OH	α-O-Ac	H	β-CH₃	O-Ac	H	COOH	CH₃
195	β-O-Ac	α-O-Ac	H	α-CH₃	β-O-Ac	H	COOH	CH₃
196	=O	H	α-OH	α-COOH	H	H	CH₃	CH₃

Figure 20. Structures of compounds 197–213.


Cpd	R1	R2	R3	R4	R5	R6
197	β-OH	H	α-CH₃	△^24,25	△^24,25	CHO
198	β-O-Ac	H	α-CH₃	OAc	OH	CH₂-O-Ac
199	=O	H	β-CH₃	△^24,25	△^24,25	CHO
200	=O	H	β-CH₃	△^24,25	△^24,25	CH₂OH
201	β-OH	H	α-CH₃	α-OH	OH	CH₃
202	=O	H	β-CH₃	α-OH	H	CH₂OH
203	β-OH	H	α-CH₃	OH	OH	CH₂OH
204	=O	H	α-CH₃	OH	OH	CH₃
205	β-OH	α-O-Ac	β-CH₃	H	H	COOH
206	=O	α-OH	α-CH₃	△^24,25	△^24,25	COOH
207	α-OH	α-OH	β-CH₃	△^24,25	△^24,25	COOH
208	β-OH	α-OH	β-CH₃	△^24,25	△^24,25	COOH
209	α-O-Ac	α-O-Ac	β-CH₃	△^24,25	△^24,25	COOH
210	=O	H	α-CH₃	OH	OH	CH₂OH
211	=O	α-OH	α-CH₃	△^24,25	△^24,25	COOH
212	=O	α-OH	α-CH₃	△^24,25	△^24,25	CH₂OH
213	β-OH	H	α-CH₃	△^24,25	△^24,25	COOH

Table 8. Ganoderma triterpenes (214–221) in Figure 21 and Figure 22.

**Table 8.** Ganoderma triterpenes (**214**–**221**) in Figure 21 and Figure 22.
No.	Compound Name	Source	Ref.
214	3α, 15α, 22α-Trihydroxylanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-26-oic acid	G. lucidum (mycelia)	[71]
215	3β, 15α, 22β-Trihydroxylanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-26-oic acid	G. lucidum (mycelia)	[71]
216	3α, 15α-Diacetoxy-22α-hydroxylanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-26-oic acid	G. lucidum (mycelia)	[71]
217	3β, 15α-Diacetoxy-22α-hydroxylanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-26-oic acid	G. lucidum (mycelia)	[71]
218	22β-Acetoxy-3α, 15α-dihydroxylanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-26-oic acid	G. lucidum (mycelia)	[71]
219	22β-Acetoxy-3β, 15α-dihydroxylanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-26-oic acid	G. lucidum (mycelia)	[71]
220	Epoxyganoderiol B (24S, 25S-epoxy-26-hydroxy-5α-lanosta-7,9(11)-diene-3-one)	G. lucidum	[40]
221	Epoxyganoderiol C (24S, 25S-epoxy-5α-lanosta-7,9(11)-diene-3β, 26-diol)	G. lucidum	[40]

Figure 21. Structures of compounds 214–219.


Cpd	R1	R2	R3
214	α-OH	α-OH	α-OH
215	β-OH	α-OH	β-OH
216	α-O-Ac	α-O-Ac	α-OH
217	β-O-Ac	α-O-Ac	α-OH
218	α-OH	α-OH	β-O-Ac
219	β-OH	α-OH	β-O-Ac

Figure 22. Structure of compounds 220–221.


Cpd	R1
220	β-OH
221	=O

Table 9. Ganoderma triterpenes (222–260) in Figure 23.

**Table 9.** Ganoderma triterpenes (**222**–**260**) in Figure 23.
No.	Compound Name	Source	Ref.
222	Butyl lucidenate N	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[17]
223	Butyl lucidenate A	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[17]
224	20(21)-Dehydrolucidenic acid N (3β, 7β-dihydroxy-11,15-dioxo-25,26,27- trinorlanosta-8,20-dien-24-oic acid)	G. sinense (fruit bodies)	[33]
225	20-Hydroxylucidenic acid A (7β, 20ξ-dihydroxy-3,11,15-trioxo-25,26,27-trinorlanost-8-en-24-oic acid)	G. sinense (fruit bodies)	[33]
226	Methyl lucidenate D (methyl 12β-acetoxy-3,7,11,15-tetraoxo-5α-lanost-8-en-24-oate)	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[53,54]
227	20(21)-Dehydrolucidenic acid A (7β-Hydroxy-3,11,15-trioxo-25,26,27-trisnorlanosta-8,20(21)-dien-24-oic acid)	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[90]
228	Methyl 20(21)-dehydrolucidenate A (methyl 7β-hydroxy-3,11,15-trioxo-25,26,27-trisnorlanosta-8,20(21)-dien-24-oate)	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[90]
229	Lucidenic acid N (3,7-dihydroxy-4,4,14-trimethyl-11,15-dioxo-5-chol-8-en-24-oic acid)	G. lucidum (dried fruit bodies)	[91,92]
230	Lucidenic acid D (12β-acetoxy-4,4,14α-trimethyl-3,7,11,15-tetraoxo-5α-chol-8-en-24-oic acid)	G. lucidum (dried fruit bodies)	[31]
231	Methyl lucidenate E	G. lucidum (gills)	[54]
232	Methyl lucidenate F	G. lucidum (gills)	[23,54]
233	Ethyl lucidenates A (ethyl 7β-hydroxy-4,4,14α-trimethyl-3,11,15-trioxo-5α-chol-8-en-24-oate)	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[93]
234	3β-Oxo-formyl-7β, 12β-dihydroxy-4,4,14α-trimethyl-5α-chol-11,15-dioxo-8-en(E)-24-oic acid	G. lucidum	[24]
235	Lucidenic acid A (7β-hydroxy-4,4,14α-trimethyl-3,11,15-trioxo-5α-chol-8-en-24-oic acid)	G. lucidum (dried fruit bodies)	[94]
236	Lucidenic acid B (7β, 12-dihydroxy-4,4,14α-trimethyl-3,11,15-trioxo-5α-chol-8-en-24-oic acid)	G. lucidum (dried fruit bodies)	[94]
237	Lucidenic acid C (3β, 7β, 12-trihydroxy-4,4,14α-trimethyl-11,15-dioxo-5α-chol-8-en-24-oic acid)	G. lucidum (dried fruit bodies)	[94]
238	4,4,14α-Trimethyl-3,7-dioxo-5α-chol-8-en-24-oic acid	G. lucidum	[26]
239	Lucidenic acid P (3β, 7β-dihydroxy-12β-acetoxy-25,26,27-trinor-11,15-dioxo dioxolanost-8-en-24-oic acid)	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[95]
240	Methyl lucidenate P	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[95]
241	Methyl lucidenate Q (methyl-7β, 15α-dihydroxy-25,26,27-trinor-3,11-dioxolanost-8-en-24-oate)	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[95]
242	3β-Hydroxy-4,4,14-trimethyl-7,11,15-trioxochol-8-en-24-oic acid	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[28]
243	Methyl lucidenate D₂	G. lucidum (gill surface)	[30]
244	Methyl lucidenate E₂	G. lucidum (gill surface)	[30]
248	Methyl lucidenate N (methyl 3β, 7β-dihydroxy-4,4,14α-trimethyl-11,15-dioxo-5α-chol-8-en-24-oate)	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[96]
249	t-Butyl lucidenate B (t-butyl 7β, 12β-dihydroxy-4,4,14α-trimethyl-3,11,15-trioxo-5α-chol-8-en-24-oate)	G.lucidum (fruit bodies)	[96]
250	Methyl lucidenate A	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[93]
251	Lucidenic acid D₂	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[95]
252	20-Hydroxylucidenic acid D₂ ((20ξ)-12β-acetoxy-20-hydroxy-3,7,11,15-tet-raoxo-25,26,27-trisnorlanost-8-en-24-oic acid)	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[90]
253	20-Hydroxylucidenic acid F ((20ξ)-20-hydroxy-3,7,11,15-tetraoxo-25,26,27-trisnorlanost-8-en-24-oic acid)	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[90]
254	20-Hydroxylucidenic acid E₂ (12β-acetoxy-3β-hydroxy-7,11,15-trioxo-25,26,27-trisnorlanost-8-en-24-oic acid)	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[90]
255	20-Hydroxylucidenic acid N ((20ξ)-3β, 7β, 20-trihydroxy-11,15-dioxo-25,26,27-trisnorlanost-8-en-24-oic acid)	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[90]
256	20-Hydroxylucidenic acid P ((20ξ)-12β-acetoxy-3β, 7β, 20-trihydroxy-11,15-dioxo-25,26,27-trisnorlanost-8-en-24-oic acid)	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[90]
257	Lucidenic acid F	G. lucidum (gills)	[22]
258	Methyl lucidenate C	G. lucidum	[26]
259	Lucidenic acid E₂	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[95]
260	Lucideric acid A	G. lucidum	[26]

Figure 23. Structures of compounds 222–260.


Cpd	R1	R2	R3	R4	R5	R6	R7	R8
222	β-OH	β-OH	=O	H	=O	α-CH₃	H	COOBu
223	=O	β-OH	=O	H	=O	α-CH₃	H	COOBu
224	β-OH	β-OH	=O	H	=O	CH₂	△^20,21	COOH
225	=O	β-OH	=O	H	=O	β-CH₃	ξ-OH	COOH
226	=O	=O	=O	β-O-Ac	=O	β-CH₃	H	COOCH₃
227	=O	β-OH	=O	H	=O	CH₂	△^20,21	COOH
228	=O	β-OH	=O	H	=O	CH₂	△^20,21	COOCH₃
229	β-OH	β-OH	=O	H	=O	α-CH₃	H	COOH
230	=O	=O	=O	β-O-Ac	=O	β-CH₃	H	COOH
231	β-OH	=O	=O	β-O-Ac	=O	β-CH₃	H	COOCH₃
232	=O	=O	=O	H	=O	β-CH₃	H	COOCH₃
233	=O	OH	=O	H	=O	α-CH₃	H	COOEt
234	β-O-CHO	β-OH	=O	OH	=O	β-CH₃	H	COOH
235	=O	β-OH	=O	H	=O	β-CH₃	H	COOH
236	=O	β-OH	=O	β-OH	=O	β-CH₃	H	COOH
237	β-OH	β-OH	=O	β-OH	=O	β-CH₃	H	COOH
238	=O	=O	H	H	H	α-CH₃	H	COOH
239	β-OH	β-OH	=O	β-O-Ac	=O	α-CH₃	H	COOH
240	β-OH	β-OH	=O	β-O-Ac	=O	α-CH₃	H	COOCH₃
241	=O	β-OH	=O	H	α-OH	α-CH₃	H	COOCH₃
242	β-OH	=O	=O	H	=O	α-CH₃	H	COOH
243	=O	=O	=O	O-Ac	=O	β-CH₃	H	COOCH₃
244	β-OH	=O	=O	O-Ac	=O	β-CH₃	H	COOCH₃
245	=O	=O	=O	α-OH	=O	β-CH₃	H	COOCH₃
246	β-OH	=O	=O	β-OH	=O	β-CH₃	H	COOCH₃
247	β-OH	α-OH	=O	H	α-OH	β-CH₃	H	COOCH₃
248	β-OH	β-OH	=O	H	=O	α-CH₃	H	COOCH₃
249	=O	β-OH	=O	β-OH	=O	α-CH₃	H	COOBu
250	=O	β-OH	=O	H	=O	α-CH₃	H	COOCH₃
251	=O	=O	=O	β-O-Ac	=O	α-CH₃	H	COOH
252	=O	=O	=O	β-O-Ac	=O	β-CH₃	ξ-OH	COOH
253	=O	=O	=O	H	=O	β-CH₃	ξ-OH	COOH
254	β-OH	=O	=O	β-O-Ac	=O	β-CH₃	ξ-OH	COOH
255	β-OH	β-OH	=O	H	=O	β-CH₃	ξ-OH	COOH
256	β-OH	β-OH	=O	β-O-Ac	=O	β-CH₃	ξ-OH	COOH
257	=O	=O	=O	H	=O	α-CH₃	H	COOH
258	β-OH	β-OH	=O	H	=O	α-CH₃	H	COOCH₃
259	β-OH	=O	=O	β-O-Ac	=O	α-CH₃	H	COOH
260	=O	β-OH	=O	H	=O	α-CH₃	H	COOH

Table 10. Ganoderma triterpenes 261–280 in Figure 24, Figure 25, Figure 26, Figure 27, Figure 28, Figure 29, Figure 30 and Figure 31.

**Table 10.** Ganoderma triterpenes **261**–**280** in Figure 24, Figure 25, Figure 26, Figure 27, Figure 28, Figure 29, Figure 30 and Figure 31.
No.	Compound Name	Source	Ref.
261	4,4,14α-Trimethyl-5α-chol-7,9(11)-dien-3-oxo-24-oic acid	G. lucidum (dried fruit bodies)	[73]
262	Ganoderic acid Jd (15α-hydroxy-3-oxo-5α-lano-sta-7,9(11)-dien-24-oic acid)	G. sinense (fruit bodies)	[47]
263	Methyl lucidenate H (methyl 3β, 7β-dihydroxy-4α-hydroxymethyl-4β, 14α-dimethyl-11,15-dioxo-5α-chol-8-en-24-oate)	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[64]
264	Methyl lucidenate I (3β-hydroxy-4α-hydroxymethyl-4β, 14α-dimethyl-7,11,15-trioxo-5α-chol-8-en-24-oate)	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[64]
265	Methyl lucidenate J (3β, 12β-dihydroxy-4α-hydroxymethyl-4β, 14α-dimethyl-7,11,15-trioxo-5α-chol-8-en-24-oate)	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[64]
266	Methyl lucidenate Ha	G. sinense (fruit bodies)	[47]
267	Colossolactone I ((22S)-3-β-hydroxylanosta-8,24-dien-26,22-olide)	G. colossum	[97]
268	Colossolactone II ((22S)-1,3-β-dihydroxylanosta-8,24-dien-26,22-olide)	G. colossum	[97]
269	Colossolactone D	G. colossum (fruit bodies)	[98]
270	Colossolactone E	G. colossum (fruit bodies)	[98]
271	Colossolactone F	G. colossum (fruit bodies)	[98]
272	Colossolactone G	G. colossum (fruit bodies)	[98]
273	Ganosporelactone A	G. lucidum (spores)	[99]
274	Ganosporelactone B	G. lucidum (spores)	[99]
275	Ganosinensin B (ganodermanontriol 24-O-{(2Z, 5E, 9E)-2-[2-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-oxo-ethylidene]-11-hydroxy-6,10-dimethylundeca-5,9-dienate)	G. sinense (fruit bodies)	[100]
276	Ganosinensin C (ganodermanontriol 24-O-{(2Z, 5E, 9E)-2-[2-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]-11-hydroxy-6,10-dimethylundeca-5,9- dien-ate)	G. sinense (fruit bodies)	[100]
277	Ganodermacetal (methyl 7β, 15α-isopropylide-nedioxy-3β-hydroxy-11,23-dioxo-5α-lanost-8-en-26-oate)	G. amboinense (fruit bodies)	[85]
278	Methyl ganoderate A acetonide (methyl 7β, 15α-isopropylidenedioxy-3,11,23-trioxo-5α-lanost-8-en-26-oate)	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[16]
279	Applanoxidic acid A (15α-hydroxy-7α, 8α-epoxy-3,12,23-trioxo-5α-lanosta-9(11),20E-dien-26-oic acid)	G. applanatum	[101]
280	Applanoxidic acid B (3β-hydroxy-7α, 8α-epoxy-12,15,23-trioxo-5α-lanosta-9(11),20E-dien-26-oic acid)	G. applanatum	[101]

Figure 24. Structures of compounds 261–262.


Cpd	R1	R2
261	=O	H
262	=O	α-OH

Figure 25. Structures of compounds 263–266.


Cpd	R1	R2	R3
263	β-OH	H	β-CH3
264	=O	H	β-CH3
265	=O	β-OH	β-CH3
266	β-OH	H	α-CH3

Figure 26. Structures of compounds 267–268.


Cpd	R
267	H
268	β-OH

Figure 27. Structures of compounds 269–272.


Cpd	R1	R2	R3
269	α-H	β-H	β-OH
270	α-H	β-H	β-O-Ac
271	α-H	β-OH	β-O-Ac
272	ξ-OH	H	β-O-COCH₃

Figure 28. Structures of compounds 273–274.


Cpd	R
273	=O
274	β-OH

Figure 29. Structures of compounds 275–276.


Cpd	R
275	=O
276	H

Figure 30. Structures of compounds 277–278.


Cpd	R1	R2
277	β-OH	COOH
278	=O	COOCH₃

Figure 31. Structures of compounds 279–280.


Cpd	R1	R2
279	=O	α-OH
280	β-OH	=O

Table 11. Ganoderma triterpenes 281–287, 288–307, 308–311, 312, 313–315, 316 in Figure 32, Figure 33, Figure 34, Figure 35, Figure 36, Figure 37, Figure 38, Figure 39 and Figure 40.

**Table 11.** Ganoderma triterpenes **281**–**287**, **288**–**307**, **308**–**311**, **312**, **313**–**315**, **316** in Figure 32, Figure 33, Figure 34, Figure 35, Figure 36, Figure 37, Figure 38, Figure 39 and Figure 40.
No.	Compound Name	Source	Ref.
281	Applanoxidic acid C (20-hydroxy-7α, 8α-epoxy-3,12,15,23-tetraoxo-5α-lanosta-9(11),16-dien-26-oic acid)	G. applanatum	[101]
282	Applanoxidic acid D (3β, 20-dihydroxy-7α, 8α-epoxy-12,15,23-trioxo-5α-lanosta-9(11),16-dien-26-oic acid)	G. applanatum	[101]
283	Lanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-3-one15,26-dihydroxy	G. zonatum Murill.	[27]
284	Lanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-26-oic,3-hydroxy	G. zonatum Murill.	[27]
285	Ganoderic acid Y ((24E)-3-ol-5α-lanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-26-oic acid)	G. zonatum Murill.	[27]
286	Applanoxidic acid E (15β-hydroxy-7α, 8α-epoxy-3,12,23-trioxo-5α-lanosta-9(11),20E-dien-26-oic acid)	G. applanatum	[66]
287	Applanoxidic acid F (7α, 8α-epoxy-3,12,15,23-tetraoxo-5α-lanosta-9(11),20E-dien-26-oic acid)	G. applanatum	[66]
288	Ganosinensin A (ganodermanontriol 26-O-{(2Z, 5E, 9E)-2-[2-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-oxo-ethylidene]-11-hydroxy-6,10-dimethylundeca-5,9-dienate})	G. sinense (fruit bodies)	[100]
289	Colossolactone III ((22S)-3β, 19-epoxy-lanosta-8,24-dien-26,22-olide)	G. colossum	[97]
290	Colossolactone IV ((22S)-A,B-dihomo-19-nor-4-oxalanosta-8,24-dien-26,22-olide)	G. colossum	[97]
291	Colossolactone VIII ((22S, 23R)-A,B-dihomo-19-nor-15-β-acetoxy-23-hydroxy-4-oxa-3-oxolanosta-1,8,19,24-tetraen-26,22-olide)	G. colossum	[102]
292	Austrolactone ((23S, 25S)-12α, 23-epoxy-3β, 15β, 20α-trihydroxy-7,11-dioxo-5α-lanosta-8,16-dien-23,26-olide)	G. australe	[103]
293	Ganolactone B (3β, 7β-dihydroxy-11,15-dioxolanosta-8-en-24→20 lactone)	G. sinense (fruit bodies)	[86]
294	Ganolactone (7β-hydroxy-3,11,15-trioxo-lanosta-8-en-24→20s lactone)	G. lucidum (fruit bodies)	[104]
295	Colossolactone B	G. colossum (fruit bodies)	[98]
296	Colossolactone C	G. colossum (fruit bodies)	[98]
297	3α-(3-Hydroxy-5-methoxy-3-methyl-1,5-dioxopentyloxy)-24-methylene-5α-lanost-8-en-21-oic acid	G. resinaceum (fruit bodies)	[62]
298	Colossolactone A	G. colossum (fruit bodies)	[98]
299	Methyl ganosinensate A	G. sinense (fruit bodies)	[56]
300	Ganosinensic acid A	G. sinense (fruit bodies)	[56]
301	Ganosinensic acid B	G. sinense (fruit bodies)	[56]
302	Tsugarioside C (3α-acetoxy-(Z)-24-methyl-5α-lanosta-8,23,25-trien-21-oic acid ester β-D-xyloside)	G. tsugae (fruit bodies)	[60]
303	Ganorbiformin A	G. colossum (fruit bodies)	[46]
304	Colossolactone V ((22R)-3,4-seco-19,22-diacetoxy-4-hydroxylanosta-8,24(Z)-dien-3,26-dioic acid 3-methyl-ester)	G. colossum (fruit bodies)	[102]
305	Colossolactone VI ((22R)-3,4-seco-19,22-diacetoxy-4-hydroxylanosta-7,9(11),24(Z)-trien-3,26-dioic acid 3-methyl ester)	G. colossum (fruit bodies)	[102]
306	Colossolactone VII ((22S)-3,4-seco-19-acetoxy-4-hydroxylanosta-8,24-dien-26,22-olide 3-methyl ester)	G. colossum (fruit bodies)	[102]
307	Furanoganoderic acid (21,23-epoxy-15α-hydroxy-3,7,1l-trioxo-5α-lanosta-8,20(21),22-trien-26-oic acid)	G. applanatum (fruit bodies)	[52]
308	Fornicatin B (7β-hydroxy-11-oxo-3,4-seco-25,26,27-trinorlanosta-4(28),8-dien-3,24-dioic acid)	G. fornicatum (fruit bodies)	[105]
309	Fornicatin G (7β-hydroxy-11-oxo-3,4-seco-25,26,27-trinorlanosta-4(28),8-dien-24-oic-3-acetyl ester)	G. cochlear (sporophore)	[106]
310	Fornicatin A (4, 7β-epoxy-28-hydroxy-11-oxo-3,4-seco-25,26,27-trinorlanosta-8-en-3,24-dioic acid)	G. fornicatum (fruit bodies)	[105]
311	Fornicatin H (4, 7β-epoxy-28-hydroxy-11-oxo-3,4-seco-25,26,27-trinorlansta-8-en-3,24-diester)	G. cochlear (sporophore)	[106]
312	Australic acid ((20Z, 23R, 25R)-15α-acetyl-7α, 8α-epoxy-12-oxo-3,4-seco-5α-lanosta-4(28),9,20(22)-trien-23,26-olid-3-oic acid)	G. australe	[103]
313	Lucidone A	G. tsugae	[107]
314	Lucidenol	G. tsugae	[107]
315	Ganosineniol A	G. sinense (fruit bodies)	[47]
316	8α, 9α-Epoxy-4,4,14α-trimethyl-3,7,11,15,20-pentaoxo-5α-pregnane	G. concinna	[75]

Figure 32. Structures of compounds 281–282.


Cpd	R
281	=O
282	β-OH

Figure 33. Structures of compounds 283–285.


Cpd	R	R2
283	α-OH	COOH
284	=O	CH₂OH
285	β-OH	COOH

Figure 34. Structures of compounds 286–287.


Cpd	R
286	α-OH
287	=O

Figure 35. Structures of compounds 288–307.

Figure 36. Structures of compounds 308–309.


Cpd	R
308	COOH
309	COOCH₂CH₃

Figure 37. Structure of compounds 310–311.


Cpd	R1	R2
310	COOH	COOH
311	COOCH₃	COOCH₃

Figure 38. Structure of compound 312.

Figure 39. Structures of compounds 313–315.


Cpd	R1	R2
313	=O	=O
314	=O	OH
315	α-OH	CH₂OH

Figure 40. Structure of compound 316.

3. ¹³C-NMR Data of Ganoderma Triterpenes

The reported GTs ¹³C-NMR data are shown in Table 12. For compounds 5, 7, 22, 23, 28, 31–34, 36, 37, 54, 55, 59, 89, 95, 97, 98, 110, 112, 114, 121–123, 130–132, 146, 147, 154, 159, 169, 195, 199, 200, 206, 211–213, 235–237, 240, 245–247, 250, 251, 257–260, 265, 283–285, 313 and 314 have no ¹³C-NMR data reported or cannot be researched.

As summarized above, a large number of triterpenes together with their potential pharmacological activities are described from Ganoderma. Being inclined to complement the prior reviews, we summarized the triterpenes from Ganoderma. They contain 30 or 27 carbon atoms, including some with 24 carbon atoms. The great majority of the triterpenes possess double bonds on the ring, at C-8 (9), with hydroxy and carbonyl substituted at C-3, C-7, C-11, and C-15 generally. For this type, the carbon atoms mentioned above are usually a characteristic for its structural determination. The ¹³C-NMR data of hydroxy substituted C-3 appear from 77–80 ppm, while the data of carbonyl substituted increase to 208–218 ppm. As to the double bonds, the resonance of C-8 arises at 131–165 ppm and the C-9 signal arises at 134–165 ppm, fluctuated for the neighbouring substituent groups.

In the other type, with double bonds located at C-7(8) and C-9(11), the resonance of C-7 appears from 119 ppm to 121 ppm, while the C-8 signal increases to 140–143 ppm. The C-9 signal appears at 144–147 ppm, while the C-11 signal moves to 115–118 ppm. C-23 tends to be oxidized to a carbonyl with ¹³C-NMR signals appearing at 206 ppm to 217 ppm, or to hydroxy with signals in the 65–67 ppm range. When double bonds appear between C-20 and C-22, the C-23 signal will move to 197–200 ppm. Moreover, C-24 and C-25 are sometimes linked by double bonds in some Ganoderma triterpenes. In this case, the ¹³C-NMR peaks of C-24 appear at 144–156 ppm and those of C-25 appear at 126–140 ppm. According to the compiled ¹³C-NMR data, this review should provide a useful and fast way for the identification of GTs.

Table 12. The ¹³C-NMR spectural data of compounds 1–316 except those which have no reported ¹³C-NMR data.

**Table 12.** The ¹³C-NMR spectural data of compounds 1–**316** except those which have no reported ¹³C-NMR data.
NO.	1^b)	2^b)	3^b)	4^b)	6^b)	8^b)	9^b)	10^b)	11^b)	12^b)	13^b)	14^b)	15^b)	16^b)	17^b)	18^b)	19^b)	20^b)
C1	33.4	35.7	35.0	33.1	35.1	34.4	35.7	35.6	34.8	34.8	35.0	34.7	35.7	35.7	34.6	34.3	34.8	34.2
C2	27.5	34.5	27.9	27.2	34.2	28.0	34.4	34.4	27.6	28.3	28.0	28.2	34.3	34.3	27.8	27.7	34.1	27.3
C3	77.5	217.1	78.5	77.3	217.7	78.7	208.4	208.7	78.3	78.5	77.5	78.2	217.5	217.5	78.2	77.5	217.8	78.5
C4	40.6	46.8	39.0	39.0	47.0	39.0	47.0	46.7	38.8	39.0	38.9	38.6	46.8	46.8	38.6	40.2	47.2	39.1
C5	51.5	49.0	49.3	51.2	51.7	51.8	49.2	48.8	49.2	45.7	49.5	49.1	49.0	49.0	49.1	49.8	45.2	47.7
C6	36.8	29.3	26.7	36.6	18.7	17.4	29.2	29.1	26.6	27.8	27.6	27.8	27.7	27.8	28.2	36.5	27.9	28.0
C7	199.1	69.1	67.1	199.0	29.6	30.4	69.1	68.9	66.9	67.0	69.5	69.5	66.4	66.3	69.5	205.3	66.7	68.0
C8	151.9	159.1	157.1	145.6	163.2	162.9	159.6	159.5	156.8	155.0	159.6	158.0	157.8	157.8	158.1	154.6	159.3	158.8
C9	145.9	140.5	142.9	151.7	138.6	140.0	140.6	140.1	142.7	142.9	142.2	142.0	141.3	141.3	141.9	149.8	140.0	141.6
C10	39.3	38.2	38.8	40.3	37.1	37.8	46.8	46.8	38.6	45.4	38.9	38.6	38.3	38.3	38.5	38.9	38.0	38.6
C11	194.2	199.6	198.0	193.9	198.1	198.3	200.0	199.7	197.9	200.0	201.2	199.8	197.6	197.6	199.9	201.3	199.1	199.4
C12	79.3	51.9	50.5	79.1	51.7	52.1	51.9	51.8	50.3	51.0	52.3	52.0	50.2	50.2	51.9	52.3	51.8	52.2
C13	48.1	47.0	45.5	47.9	46.8	47.2	38.2	38.0	45.4	38.8	47.4	47.1	45.0	45.0	47.1	48.0	46.4	46.1
C14	58.7	54.1	59.6	58.5	53.6	53.5	54.2	54.1	59.4	58.5	54.4	54.0	59.4	59.4	54.0	52.8	53.4	53.5
C15	205.9	72.7	217.7	66.2	72.9	73.0	72.6	72.4	217.5	207.5	72.4	72.4	216.6	216.4	72.5	72.1	72.4	72.3
C16	38.1	36.7	41.1	38.0	38.6	38.7	36.2	36.3	40.9	41.0	35.9	36.2	41.0	41.0	36.1	36.3	37.8	37.8
C17	44.9	48.4	45.8	44.6	48.7	48.7	48.3	48.2	45.6	49.2	48.5	48.1	45.7	45.8	48.1	48.2	49.0	49.0
C18	12.3	17.5	17.6	12.1	17.2	17.1	17.4	17.3	17.4	17.2	17.2	17.1	17.7	17.7	17.1	17.4	17.5	17.3
C19	18.1	19.5	18.7	17.9	19.0	19.0	19.6	19.4	18.5	17.6	19.6	19.5	18.2	18.2	19.6	17.6	17.5	17.3
C20	29.6	32.8	32.1	29.4	32.6	32.5	32.8	32.8	32.0	32.1	33.0	32.7	32.0	32.0	32.7	32.4	32.5	32.5
C21	21.8	19.7	19.8	21.5	19.4	19.4	19.4	19.7	19.6	19.8	19.7	19.6	19.6	19.7	19.6	19.5	19.3	19.3
C22	48.6	49.9	49.4	48.5	49.6	49.7	49.8	49.7	49.0	49.3	50.0	49.8	49.0	49.1	49.7	49.5	49.6	49.6
C23	207.7	208.6	207.9	206.1	208.3	208.3	217.3	217.4	207.6	215.9	210.0	208.5	207.5	207.6	208.7	208.2	208.3	208.3
C24	46.8	46.9	46.8	46.6	46.8	46.8	46.7	46.8	46.6	46.9	46.9	46.7	46.6	46.8	46.7	46.8	46.9	46.9
C25	34.9	35.0	35.1	35.1	34.7	34.6	34.8	34.8	34.6	34.9	35.0	34.7	34.5	34.7	34.6	34.7	34.7	34.7
C26	175.9	176.0	175.9	181.0	176.2	176.1	27.4	27.5	180.3	26.8	178.5	176.2	180.3	176.1	176.3	176.1	176.2	176.4
C27	17.3	17.3	17.3	17.1	17.1	17.1	180.1	176.3	16.9	176.2	17.2	17.1	16.9	17.1	17.1	17.1	17.1	17.1
C28	28.1	27.5	28.4	27.8	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
C29	15.7	20.9	15.6	15.5	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
C30	21.5	19.8	24.6	21.2	27.8	28.3	17.0	17.2	28.2	15.5	28.3	28.2	27.0	27.0	28.2	27.8	27.6	28.2
	OCOCH₃	Bu1'	Bu1'	CH₃CO	C31	C31	C31	C31	C31	C31	C31	C31	C31	C31	C31	C31	C31	C31
	170.4	64.8	64.8	170.2	20.6	15.7	20.8	20.8	15.5	24.5	15.9	15.7	20.8	20.8	15.7	15.4	20.5	15.8
	OCOCH₃	Bu 2'	Bu 2'	CH₃CO	C32	C32	C32	C32	C32	C32	C32	C32	C32	C32	C32	C32	C32	C32
	21.0	30.9	30.9	20.9	18.8	18.8	19.8	19.7	24.4	18.7	19.5	19.4	24.7	24.7	19.4	20.3	21.1	21.1
	N-BU1'	Bu 3'	Bu3'		OCH₃	OCH₃		COOCH₃		COOCH₃		COOCH₃		COOCH₃	OCH₃	OCH₃	OCH₃	OCH₃
	64.8	19.3	19.3		51.9	51.8		52.0		51.7		51.9		51.9	51.9	51.9	51.9	51.9
NO.	21^b)	24^b)	25^b)	26^b)	27^c)	29^b)	30^b)	35^c)	38^b)	39^b)	40^b)	41^b)	42^d)	43^b)	44^a)	45^b)	46^b)	47^c)
C1	34.5	33.9	34.4	34.5	35.4	37.4	37.2	35.2	35.6	35.7	34.4	33.8	34.0	34.8	36.0	35.4	34.8	35.2
C2	24.0	33.6	27.4	28.4	34.7	34.1	34.6	27.6	34.4	34.5	27.4	27.5	33.5	27.4	34.5	34.3	28.8	33.9
C3	79.9	215.1	78.2	78.4	221.0	214.9	215.4	78.0	216.8	218.0	78.2	78.5	215.5	78.0	215.9	214.6	78.0	218.6
C4	38.0	46.8	38.6	40.7	47.2	46.9	47.0	39.1	46.2	47.0	38.5	38.8	38.7	39.0	47.0	47.2	39.8	46.4
C5	49.2	50.8	49.1	53.0	45.7	51.0	50.9	49.8	48.8	49.0	49.1	51.3	49.7	49.9	48.7	50.4	50.7	48.3
C6	26.6	37.4	36.7	37.8	28.1	33.7	33.8	27.4	27.6	29.2	26.6	17.3	36.8	36.6	28.8	37.1	36.7	28.1
C7	66.1	198.6	66.2	201.1	67.1	198.6	199.4	67.0	66.3	69.2	66.2	29.3	199.6	199.1	66.0	198.0	199.0	68.2
C8	157.4	149.8	155.8	151.9	161.8	149.9	149.8	157.3	157.8	159.2	155.9	161.5	146.1	138.9	159.7	139.8	138.9	160.4
C9	141.6	145.9	142.9	153.6	140.2	146.1	146.8	143.1	141.2	140.6	142.0	140.1	149.0	164.9	140.9	162.6	164.7	139.6
C10	37.5	39.2	38.5	42.4	38.4	39.4	39.3	38.9	38.2	38.2	38.5	37.5	46.4	39.8	38.4	39.4	38.9	37.6
C11	199.3	194.1	192.0	195.0	72.0	194.1	199.4	200.3	197.7	200.1	192.1	191.6	199.8	23.7	198.2	23.8	23.6	200.3
C12	77.9	78.9	79.5	199.8	52.4	79.0	48.9	78.4	50.1	52.0	79.8	80.1	48.5	30.2	50.9	30.1	30.2	51.5
C13	51.9	47.6	49.6	62.2	47.6	47.7	43.9	52.4	44.9	46.9	49.9	51.5	56.8	45.0	45.2	45.0	45.0	46.3
C14	60.3	58.7	60.6	61.3	54.1	58.7	57.2	60.9	59.3	54.1	60.5	53.9	43.5	47.8	59.0	47.8	49.0	53.7
C15	216.8	205.6	216.2	207.5	201.0	205.5	207.0	217.8	218.1	72.9	216.4	74.6	207.8	32.0	217.0	28.7	27.5	71.6
C16	38.3	37.8	37.9	40.8	35.3	37.8	39.8	38.6	41.2	36.7	37.3	33.6	39.9	28.8	42.0	31.8	32.0	35.6
C17	45.7	44.3	45.2	40.7	49.5	44.5	44.3	46.6	46.7	48.7	46.1	48.6	44.4	49.0	46.8	49.0	49.9	48.5
C18	12.0	12.0	12.0	13.5	17.8	12.1	16.0	12.3	17.7	17.4	13.4	12.3	15.4	15.8	17.8	15.9	15.3	16.6
C19	18.8	18.7	18.6	18.6	17.9	18.7	18.6	19.1	18.2	19.6	18.6	19.0	18.4	18.4	18.2	17.9	18.4	18.9
C20	28.7	29.4	28.2	33.8	33.2	29.5	32.1	29.1	35.5	36.2	35.5	34.1	32.9	36.2	33.9	36.2	36.3	33.1
C21	21.3	21.6	21.9	20.4	19.5	21.6	19.8	21.8	18.2	18.5	20.8	19.7	19.7	18.6	19.8	18.6	18.6	19.0
C22	48.3	48.4	47.9	50.2	50.0	48.4	48.8	48.7	34.5	34.8	33.1	33.7	42.8	34.8	43.8	34.7	34.8	42.9
C23	208.1	207.6	207.4	211.1	210.7	207.3	207.6	210.3	25.6	25.9	26.5	26.3	65.4	25.9	66.5	26.0	26.0	65.9
C24	46.1	46.6	46.6	48.0	47.2	46.4	46.5	46.9	144.1	145.3	143.2	144.2	144.4	145.6	145.0	155.2	155.3	143.2
C25	34.2	34.7	34.6	36.6	37.4	34.6	34.6	35.4	127.0	127.2	127.1	127.2	126.9	126.6	128.8	139.2	139.2	128.4
C26	180.5	175.6	176.1	180.7	179.0	180.8	180.9	178.8	171.2	172.0	171.0	172.7	169.0	172.4	170.7	195.3	195.3	170.2
C27	16.9	17.1	17.1	18.0	17.4	16.9	16.9	17.3	12.1	12.3	12.1	12.0	12.7	12.0	13.4	9.2	9.2	12.3
C28	27.9	27.6	28.0	28.7	27.8	--	--	--	24.7	19.7	24.1	28.2	27.0	25.0	27.0	25.4	27.5	27.0
C29	16.4	20.3	15.4	16.6	20.7	--	--	--	26.9	27.6	28.1	15.7	19.9	27.5	20.8	21.4	15.8	20.1
C30	23.0	20.7	24.0	24.9	21.4	27.6	27.6	28.4	20.7	20.9	15.4	19.8	20.0	15.3	25.1	24.9	25.0	19.0
	C31	CH₃CO	CH₃CO			C31	C31	C31			CH₃CO	12-COCH₃
	161.0	170.2	170.4			20.4	20.3	15.8			170.1	170.5
		CH₃CO	CH₃CO			C32	C32	C32			CH₃CO	12-COCH₃
		20.9	20.9			20.8	21.0	23.5			20.7	21.0
		OCH₂CH₃	OCH₃			OCOCH₃						15-COCH₃
		60.7	51.9			170.2						170.6
NO	48^c)	49^c)	50^c)	51^c)	52^c)	53^b)	56^b)	57^b)	58^b)	60^b)	61^b)	62^b)	63^b)	64^b)	65^b)	66^a)	67^a)	68^a)
C1	34.9	35.7	33.6	34.4	33.2	34.7	30.1	35.0	35.3	34.8	34.5	34.7	34.6	35.4	35.2	35.5	35.2	35.2
C2	34.3	28.0	26.9	27.1	26.7	27.6	23.3	34.1	34.3	34.6	34.4	27.3	27.3	34.4	34.3	29.0	28.9	34.1
C3	219.5	78.7	77.2	78.0	76.8	78.3	77.3	215.5	214.6	214.4	214.9	77.8	77.8	214.6	217.2	77.6	77.9	218.4
C4	46.6	39.7	39.0	38.4	40.0	38.8	36.2	46.9	47.2	47.5	47.4	38.8	38.8	47.2	46.6	39.3	39.7	45.9
C5	45.3	50.0	50.8	49.0	51.2	49.1	40.5	49.8	50.4	50.8	51.6	49.7	49.8	49.0	44.8	49.9	52.4	48.6
C6	27.7	27.6	36.2	26.5	36.4	26.6	26.1	37.1	37.1	37.5	37.2	36.5	36.5	37.2	28.4	28.8	30.9	28.8
C7	66.6	67.7	199.9	66.2	199.5	66.8	70.0	201.3	198.1	199.4	199.8	199.0	198.9	198.0	66.2	69.4	17.9	68.6
C8	160.9	158.4	148.6	156.6	146.2	156.9	131.1	151.5	139.6	142.1	139.7	138.9	138.8	139.6	134.8	160.5	164.8	159.8
C9	139.7	143.9	151.8	142.0	151.0	142.7	145.1	149.8	162.7	158.7	160.6	164.8	164.6	162.8	140.1	141.3	139.8	140.3
C10	37.9	39.4	40.4	38.1	38..8	38.6	38.3	38.8	39.4	40.1	39.7	39.7	39.7	39.4	38.1	39.1	38.3	37.5
C11	200.1	200.1	200.1	199.5	201.4	198.0	21.4	201.8	23.8	65.8	67.2	23.6	23.5	23.8	20.8	200.1	198.6	199.8
C12	52.0	51.2	49.6	78.2	77.6	50.3	31.2	51.2	30.1	44.6	42.7	30.0	30.1	30.2	31.2	52.9	52.9	51.6
C13	47.0	46.4	44.2	51.7	49.5	45.3	45.8	46.7	44.9	47.6	43.4	44.8	44.9	45.0	45.3	47.6	47.4	46.2
C14	53.4	60.3	57.0	60.1	57.5	59.3	52.1	48.7	47.8	48.1	48.9	47.7	47.7	47.8	51.2	54.7	54.0	53.7
C15	71.7	218.5	209.0	217.4	207.6	217.9	72.4	31.9	31.9	32.6	31.9	31.9	31.9	28.7	76.4	72.4	72.1	72.1
C16	37.5	42.0	45.6	36.8	36.7	41.1	39.7	27.43	28.7	27.9	28.7	28.7	28.7	31.9	36.4	37.5	39.6	36.2
C17	49.7	47.2	42.7	46.2	45.5	46.1	48.8	49.1	49.0	49.7	48.1	48.9	48.9	50.5	49.3	49.5	49.9	47.5
C18	17.3	17.6	15.9	11.9	10.6	17.4	16.3	16.9	15.9	16.9	17.3	15.7	15.7	15.9	16.6	17.4	17.0	17.0
C19	17.5	18.8	17.6	18.6	17.6	18.4	17.7	17.9	17.9	19.2	19.5	18.2	18.2	17.9	17.3	19.9	19.4	19.3
C20	33.5	34.0	33.1	28.5	29.4	35.5	36.2	36.1	36.2	36.0	36.2	36.1	36.1	36.2	36.2	34.6	34.4	35.9
C21	19.2	20.0	19.3	22.0	21.3	18.2	18.4	18.3	18.7	18.4	18.6	18.6	18.5	18.4	18.2	20.2	19.9	18.4
C22	43.3	43.7	40.4	41.3	41.8	37.4	34.7	34.5	35.9	34.6	34.6	35.8	34.7	34.7	34.6	44.5	44.4	34.4
C23	66.4	66.8	65.9	67.0	66.5	25.6	25.8	25.92	24.5	25.8	25.8	24.4	25.9	25.9	25.9	67.0	66.9	26.0
C24	142.4	144.2	142.8	142.7	142.2	143.9	145.2	154.6	126.8	145.3	145.3	126.8	155.1	145.5	144.9	145.4	145.4	156.3
C25	130.2	129.6	128.8	129.3	129.0	127.5	126.8	139.4	134.4	126.8	126.7	134.3	139.1	126.5	126.7	128.7	128.7	138.6
C26	172.0	171.2	170.8	170.8	175.0	172.3	172.4	195.2	69.0	172.7	172.7	69.0	195.3	172.5	171.2	170.8	170.8	194.4
C27	13.1	13.1	12.6	12.8	12.6	12.1	12.0	9.2	13.6	11.9	11.9	13.5	9.0	12.0	12.1	13.5	13.5	9.2
C28	27.5	28.6	27.5	27.9	27.4	28.1	27.2	27.44	25.4	25.1	25.1	24.9	24.9	25.0	26.5	28.8	28.9	20.8
C29	20.5	16.1	15.3	15.2	15.2	15.4	22.7	20.3	21.4	21.6	21.8	27.3	27.3	25.9	21.2	16.7	16.7	27.5
C30	21.0	24.9	21.6	22.9	20.1	24.4	17.9	25.87	24.9	25.3	24.9	15.2	15.2	21.4	20.1	20.2	19.8	19.1
							COCH₃
							171.9
							COCH₃
							21.9
NO.	69^c)	70^b)	71^b)	72^b)	73^b)	74^b)	75^b)	77^b)	78^b)	79^b)	80^b)	81^b)	82^b)	83^h)	84^b)	85^b)	86^b)	87^b)
C1	34.9	30.3	30.3	30.1	30.2	30.3	30.3	30.3	34.5	34.8	35.2	35.3	35.3	31.3	30.0	33.3	35.9	35.6
C2	34.0	23.3	23.3	23.3	23.4	23.2	23.3	23.3	23.8	27.4	34.2	34.3	34.3	24.3	23.3	27.3	34.5	34.2
C3	219.6	77.5	77.5	77.3	77.6	77.3	77.5	77.6	79.6	77.9	217.2	217.4	217.4	77.7	77.2	77.4	216.7	216.4
C4	46.8	36.3	36.3	36.2	36.4	36.5	36.4	36.3	37.8	38.9	46.6	46.7	46.7	37.2	36.3	39.1	47.0	46.7
C5	51.3	40.1	40.0	40.5	40.4	40.1	40.5	40.2	49.9	49.8	44.7	45.0	45.0	40.8	39.6	51.2	49.2	48.8
C6	18.4	27.4	27.4	26.0	22.4	21.3	28.1	28.9	36.4	36.6	28.4	30.0	23.3	28.5	21.3	36.5	27.9	27.6
C7	29.3	66.5	66.5	69.9	76.5	76.3	66.8	67.0	198.6	198.9	66.1	66.7	76.1	67.1	75.9	198.5	66.5	66.2
C8	165.1	133.9	133.8	131.1	134.3	132.8	134.5	135.6	138.9	138.8	134.6	136.4	135.3	141.7	142.9	145.8	157.8	157.3
C9	137.9	141.8	141.8	145.0	141.3	143.6	141.7	141.3	164.4	164.6	140.1	139.4	139.5	135.1	132.7	151.9	141.4	141.2
C10	36.8	38.4	38.4	38.3	38.1	38.4	38.1	38.2	39.6	39.8	38.1	37.9	37.8	39.2	38.7	40.5	38.6	38.3
C11	199.1	20.7	20.7	21.2	21.0	20.9	20.6	21.0	23.6	23.6	20.7	21.3	21.0	21.5	21.1	193.5	197.5	196.8
C12	51.6	31.2	31.2	31.2	31.1	31.4	31.7	31.0	30.1	30.1	31.2	31.0	31.1	32.1	30.7	78.5	49.2	48.9
C13	46.4	45.5	45.3	45.6	45.0	46.2	45.7	45.0	44.9	44.9	45.1	45.0	44.9	46.0	45.6	57.8	45.9	45.9
C14	53.3	51.2	51.3	52.1	50.0	52.8	52.4	49.7	47.8	47.8	51.2	49.7	49.9	52.4	51.7	48.7	58.8	58.6
C15	72.0	76.5	76.0	72.2	30.2	72.0	72.4	29.8	31.9	31.9	75.9	29.9	30.1	76.0	75.2	204.6	217.3	216.6
C16	38.1	36.6	36.3	39.3	27.9	37.3	38.1	27.9	28.5	28.5	36.1	27.9	27.8	37.3	37.1	37.6	38.1	37.8
C17	49.0	49.3	45.9	45.5	47.2	46.4	46.4	47.1	45.6	45.7	45.9	47.1	47.2	46.9	45.2	48.9	48.3	49.7
C18	16.7	16.5	16.3	16.2	15.9	16.6	16.4	15.9	15.6	15.6	16.4	16.0	16.0	17.0	16.1	13.3	19.2	19.0
C19	18.6	17.5	17.5	17.7	17.5	17.2	17.3	17.3	18.5	18.4	17.3	17.3	17.4	18.0	17.6	17.8	18.4	18.1
C20	33.1	36.3	39.9	39.5	39.8	39.3	39.5	39.7	39.5	39.5	39.9	39.7	39.7	41.0	39.9	154.7	138.5	153.3
C21	18.8	18.2	12.7	12.9	12.9	13.0	12.9	12.8	13.1	13.1	12.6	12.8	12.8	13.6	12.7	21.1	18.3	21.0
C22	42.9	34.7	74.4	74.6	74.8	74.9	74.7	74.7	74.8	74.8	74.3	74.7	74.7	74.8	74.3	126.0	126.9	124.7
C23	66.0	25.9	31.9	31.7	31.9	31.9	31.9	31.8	31.8	31.8	31.9	31.8	31.8	32.8	31.8	197.8	74.5	197.9
C24	142.4	145.0	138.9	139.1	139.6	139.1	139.1	139.4	139.4	139.4	138.8	139.6	139.5	140.0	139.1	47.5	37.2	47.7
C25	129.5	126.8	129.5	129.3	129.1	129.3	129.3	129.2	129.0	129.0	129.5	129.2	129.0	130.2	129.3	34.4	34.5	34.8
C26	171.5	172.2	172.0	171.7	172.1	172.0	171.4	172.4	171.3	171.2	171.9	172.0	171.7	172.9	172.2	180.2	179.8	176.3
C27	12.7	12.0	12.3	12.3	12.3	12.3	12.4	12.3	12.3	12.3	12.3	12.3	12.3	13.1	12.3	17.0	16.0	17.2
C28	27.5	27.4	27.4	27.2	27.3	27.3	27.4	27.4	27.4	27.4	26.5	26.5	26.5	--	--	27.9	27.3	27.0
C29	20.2	21.9	22.0	21.9	22.2	22.0	21.9	22.0	16.3	15.3	21.2	21.3	21.3	--	--	15.5	21.0	20.8
C30	18.7	20.2	20.2	18.0	25.6	18.5	19.2	26.3	25.1	25.0	26.1	26.1	25.4	28.2	27.3	21.3	24.8	24.7
		OCOCH₃	COCH₃	COCH₃	COCH₃	COCH₃	COCH₃	CO	3-OC-	22-OC-	15-OC-	22-OC-	7-OCH₃	C31	C31	C31		OCH₃
		170.9	170.9	171.9	171.1	170.9	170.9	170.9	OCH₃	OCH₃	OCH₃	OCH₃	55.8	22.6	22.2	170.3		51.9
		OCOCH₃	COCH₃	COCH₃	COCH₃	COCH₃	COCH₃	CO	170.8	170.6	170.5	170.7		C32	C32	C32
		21.4	21.4	21.7	21.6	21.5	21.4	170.7						21.1	19.0	20.5
NO.	88^c)	89^c)	90^b)	91^b)	92^b)	93^h)	94^h)	96^h)	99^b)	100^b)	101^b)	102^b)	103^b)	104^b)	105^b)	106^b)	107^b)	108^b)
C1	35.5	34.8	34.8	35.6	35.1	34.9	35.2	34.5	35.7	37.3	37.5	36.6	34.6	35.2	33.4	35.0	35.1	35.9
C2	34.3	27.7	27.8	34.2	34.1	34.7	33.9	27.9	34.3	34.7	34.1	27.3	27.6	34.3	27.4	33.9	28.0	34.5
C3	217.4	78.3	78.1	216.5	215.9	213.3	213.0	77.0	217.5	217.2	214.8	77.3	78.3	216.8	77.5	215.4	78.6	216.8
C4	46.7	39.0	38.8	46.8	46.8	46.8	46.3	40.4	46.8	43.9	46.9	40.4	38.6	47.0	40.3	46.4	39.1	47.0
C5	48.8	49.2	50.0	48.9	49.2	48.5	49.0	50.1	49.0	50.9	51.0	51.4	49.2	49.5	51.5	49.0	49.4	49.2
C6	29.0	26.7	27.6	27.7	27.6	36.1	36.8	36.5	27.8	33.8	33.7	33.2	26.9	27.8	36.8	36.8	26.9	27.9
C7	68.9	66.9	69.4	66.3	65.8	198.4	204.5	205.0	66.3	199.3	198.7	198.7	66.2	65.8	198.8	204.6	67.1	66.5
C8	159.1	156.6	158.8	157.4	156.7	146.9	150.3	149.6	157.8	149.7	149.9	151.6	157.4	158.3	150.5	150.4	156.9	157.9
C9	140.3	142.8	142.0	141.4	141.6	149.5	152.6	154.6	141.3	146.8	146.1	145.7	141.9	140.5	147.1	152.3	142.7	141.3
C10	38.1	38.7	38.8	38.4	38.2	39.5	39.2	38.8	38.3	39.4	39.3	39.1	38.4	37.9	39.2	39.1	38.9	38.5
C11	199.1	198.0	200.0	197.8	191.8	198.1	199.8	200.1	197.6	199.3	194.1	193.9	199.3	199.5	201.6	201.2	198.0	197.8
C12	50.5	49.1	50.8	48.9	78.5	47.8	50.5	51.0	50.2	48.9	79.0	79.1	77.9	78.1	77.5	52.1	51.1	50.9
C13	48.1	46.3	49.3	46.0	50.3	44.8	48.6	49.2	45.0	47.0	47.7	47.9	51.9	51.7	49.8	47.8	46.0	45.7
C14	53.4	58.7	53.5	58.7	59.9	56.8	52.4	52.5	59.4	57.2	58.6	58.4	60.3	60.4	57.9	52.8	59.8	59.8
C15	72.7	216.4	72.5	216.4	215.1	204.9	72.9	72.9	216.4	206.8	205.4	205.5	216.8	215.5	206.0	71.8	217.9	218.0
C16	31.8	37.7	31.6	37.9	38.4	37.1	32.3	32.5	41.0	39.8	37.8	37.8	38.4	38.5	37.9	30.2	36.2	36.4
C17	52.2	49.7	52.4	49.7	50.1	50.8	52.0	52.1	45.8	44.5	44.5	44.7	45.8	45.8	45.3	50.9	50.2	50.4
C18	19.0	18.8	18.8	19.0	14.4	17.5	16.7	15.5	17.7	16.1	12.1	12.1	12.0	12.1	10.9	18.9	19.1	19.4
C19	19.9	18.4	19.7	18.1	18.1	18.4	17.4	17.3	18.2	18.6	18.7	17.9	18.8	18.3	18.1	17.5	18.6	18.4
C20	157.0	153.8	157.3	153.6	154.1	153.6	155.6	155.7	32.0	32.0	29.4	29.3	28.7	28.7	29.5	73.3	73.4	73.3
C21	21.3	21.0	21.3	20.9	20.3	21.5	21.1	21.1	19.7	19.8	21.6	21.6	21.4	21.4	21.3	26.6	26.4	26.3
C22	124.3	124.7	124.5	124.7	126.1	124.6	124.5	124.6	49.1	49.1	48.5	48.4	48.4	48.5	48.9	52.5	48.5	48.5
C23	198.6	197.2	199.6	196.9	197.8	197.2	197.4	197.3	207.6	207.6	207.4	207.4	208.1	208.1	208.1	211.2	74.8	74.8
C24	47.5	47.6	48.1	47.5	47.5	47.6	47.6	47.9	46.8	46.7	46.7	46.6	46.4	46.4	46.6	47.7	36.8	36.8
C25	35.1	34.8	34.8	34.8	34.4	35.1	35.2	35.2	34.7	34.6	34.7	34.6	34.6	34.7	34.7	34.5	33.8	33.7
C26	180.2	180.0	179.0	180.6	180.0	181.2	181.2	175.9	176.1	176.1	176.0	176.0	176.1	176.1	176.1	177.8	178.8	178.8
C27	17.1	17.1	17.3	17.0	17.0	17.0	17.0	17.3	17.1	17.1	17.1	17.0	17.1	17.1	17.1	17.0	16.1	16.1
C28	--	--	--	--	26.6	27.2	27.0	27.7	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	27.2	28.4	27.2
C29	--	--	--	--	21.0	20.3	20.3	18.7	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	20.2	15.7	21.0
C30	27.5	28.2	28.2	27.0	24.0	20.9	20.7	20.7	27.0	27.6	27.6	27.9	28.1	26.3	28.0	20.6	25.1	25.3
	C31	C31	C31	C31	CH₃CO			CO-	C31	C31	C31	C31	C31	C31	C31
	20.7	15.5	15.8	20.8	170.6			OCH₃	20.8	20.9	20.8	15.5	15.4	21.3	15.6
	C32	C32	C32	C32	CH₃CO			51.4	C32	C32	C32	C32	C32	C32	C32
	19.4	24.4	19.5	24.7	20.6				24.7	20.3	20.4	21.2	23.1	23.3	20.3
NO.	109^f)	111^b)	113^b)	115^a)	116^b)	117^a)	118^b)	119^b)	120^b)	124^b)	125^b)	126^b)	127^b)	128^h)	129^b)	133^a)	134^b)	135^b)
C1	35.9	35.3	35.4	35.2	34.9	35.9	30.2	30.4	36.1	34.6	34.6	34.2	34.9	34.5	35.7	35.2	35.5	35.4
C2	28.4	34.4	34.4	28.9	27.5	28.5	23.3	23.4	34.7	27.5	27.7	27.3	27.8	33.9	34.3	34.3	34.4	34.3
C3	79.2	214.8	214.6	77.1	78.0	77.8	78.1	78.0	216.3	78.2	78.2	78.2	78.4	208.9	217.8	214.9	217.3	214.6
C4	39.9	47.2	47.3	40.1	38.8	39.3	36.7	36.8	47.3	38.6	38.7	38.5	38.9	46.2	45.3	47.1	46.7	47.2
C5	50.5	50.3	49.1	49.6	49.9	50.7	45.3	45.3	51.3	49.3	49.3	49.2	49.2	49.1	49.4	50.2	50.7	50.4
C6	28.4	37.1	37.2	37.2	36.5	18.5	18.0	18.0	19.6	26.0	26.1	26.0	26.7	36.8	27.7	37.0	28.2	37.1
C7	67.7	198.2	198.1	198.7	198.8	26.6	26.0	26.0	26.5	67.1	67.1	66.6	66.9	203.5	66.3	198.2	66.8	198.0
C8	157.3	139.5	139.6	138.9	138.8	134.1	134.0	133.8	135.0	158.0	158.1	158.3	156.6	151.1	157.6	139.4	136.7	139.5
C9	144.2	162.8	162.8	164.9	164.6	134.1	134.6	134.6	133.9	142.2	142.1	142.6	142.3	152.6	141.0	163.0	139.6	162.6
C10	39.8	39.4	39.5	39.5	39.7	37.2	36.9	36.9	37.1	39.1	39.2	38.7	38.7	38.9	38.3	39.3	38.0	39.4
C11	199.4	23.8	23.9	23.8	23.7	21.0	21.0	20.8	21.4	197.4	197.3	192.2	197.8	200.9	197.6	23.8	21.1	23.8
C12	78.7	30.1	30.2	30.5	30.2	30.6	30.8	30.8	29.0	44.3	44.4	75.8	50.7	78.5	50.5	30.0	31.0	30.1
C13	53.3	44.9	45.0	45.2	45.0	44.7	44.3	44.3	45.0	51.4	51.4	54.0	45.7	54.4	46.8	44.8	45.1	44.9
C14	62.7	47.4	47.8	48.2	47.8	49.6	49.9	49.6	49.9	58.3	58.3	59.4	59.7	55.0	59.7	47.7	49.7	47.8
C15	217.4	28.6	28.7	28.3	32.0	27.3	27.5	27.0	31.0	210.9	210.8	209.9	217.7	72.1	216.8	31.8	30.0	31.9
C16	38.6	31.8	31.9	32.7	28.7	29.2	29.7	29.0	27.3	122.4	122.3	122.5	36.1	33.3	36.3	28.6	29.9	28.7
C17	53.9	49.0	50.5	50.6	49.0	47.5	40.6	47.2	47.6	187.6	187.6	187.1	49.3	55.3	49.0	48.8	45.1	49.0
C18	13.8	15.9	16.0	16.1	15.9	16.1	16.1	16.0	16.5	30.9	30.9	26.3	19.0	13.1	19.3	15.8	16.2	15.9
C19	19.5	24.9	17.9	18.3	18.4	19.2	19.0	18.9	18.6	18.5	18.5	18.4	18.4	17.3	18.1	17.8	17.2	17.9
C20	73.8	36.6	36.6	37.3	36.7	48.9	44.9	47.5	48.5	28.6	28.6	29.1	73.0	72.9	72.9	36.0	36.4	36.2
C21	28.3	18.9	18.9	19.3	19.0	178.4	70.2	182.0	175.8	19.4	19.4	18.5	26.7	26.4	26.7	18.5	18.5	18.7
C22	52.3	33.4	33.6	34.5	33.5	33.0	30.7	32.5	33.4	47.6	47.6	47.4	52.7	51.2	52.7	36.0	32.8	32.6
C23	211.5	28.6	28.8	29.1	28.6	26.1	24.7	25.9	26.4	205.8	205.9	206.1	210.4	208.9	210.4	24.2	25.3	25.0
C24	49.4	79.5	79.1	77.1	79.6	124.0	124.8	123.6	124.7	46.1	46.3	46.0	47.7	48.3	47.7	131.4	60.6	60.3
C25	36.2	73.2	73.9	74.8	73.2	136.7	131.4	132.2	131.9	34.4	34.6	34.2	34.5	35.0	34.5	136.7	60.7	60.7
C26	180.2	23.2	67.7	69.3	23.3	67.8	17.7	17.6	25.8	179.9	176.0	180.3	175.9	176.3	175.9	67.4	65.4	65.5
C27	17.8	26.5	20.9	20.1	26.6	13.7	25.7	25.7	17.8	16.9	17.1	16.7	17.0	17.2	17.0	59.8	14.2	14.2
C28	28.9	25.3	25.4	27.9	25.0	--	27.6	27.6	26.4	28.2	28.2	28.0	--	27.9	27.0	25.2	26.5	25.4
C29	16.4	21.4	21.4	16.0	27.5	--	21.8	21.8	21.3	15.5	15.5	15.3	--	19.6	20.8	21.3	21.3	21.4
C30	23.3	17.9	25.0	25.2	15.3	28.4	24.4	24.3	24.4	33.2	33.2	33.0	28.2	20.7	25.1	24.8	26.1	24.9
						C31	C1'		Glc		C31	C31	C31	CO-	CO-
						16.2	102.7		C1'		51.9	170.7	15.5	OCH₃	OCH₃
						C32	C2'		95.8			C32	C32	51.4	52.0
						24.3	71.9					20.7	24.8
NO.	136^b)	137^b)	138^b)	139^b)	140	141	142^c)	143^b)	144^b)	145^b)	148^a)	149^e)	150^b)	151^g)	152^b)	153^c)	155^b)
C1	34.7	34.8	34.7	34.7	35.9	35.6	37.2	36.3	37.2	39.2	34.1	31.1	35.2	30.5	33.7	30.5	35.9
C2	24.2	24.1	24.2	24.2	33.6	27.6	35.2	34.0	34.5	18.2	28.5	23.6	24.1	24.6	27.4	23.0	33.8
C3	80.2	79.3	80.2	80.2	216.4	78.2	217.5	214.2	214.5	41.3	78.3	77.8	80.8	78.8	77.6	78.2	215.3
C4	37.8	37.9	37.7	37.8	46.0	41.6	49.0	47.8	47.4	38.3	39.4	37.0	37.8	38.1	40.5	36.5	47.7
C5	49.2	49.9	49.5	49.2	40.5	39.1	53.6	52.8	50.9	59.5	52.4	45.8	50.3	46.9	50.8	45.1	54.4
C6	26.7	37.0	26.7	26.7	23.1	22.2	40.9	40.0	33.4	22.3	19.1	18.3	26.3	19.4	36.2	17.7	40.3
C7	66.9	202.8	66.9	66.9	62.4	62.6	215.6	212.8	198.2	32.4	22.5	26.4	18.0	27.3	199.3	25.8	204.8
C8	157.0	154.7	157.0	157.0	63.6	62.8	55.0	54.0	150.0	42.8	51.2	134.7	132.9	135.6	146.8	133.9	46.2
C9	142.8	149.9	142.8	142.8	167.7	158.2	60.4	59.5	149.5	53.1	44.9	134.9	135.4	136.3	151.4	134.3	59.1
C10	38.9	40.1	38.9	38.9	40.5	37.9	38.0	36.5	39.2	37.5	35.7	37.2	37.0	38.4	39.1	36.6	37.5
C11	197.9	199.5	197.9	197.5	130.0	128.7	210.1	207.6	197.0	22.3	27.1	21.0	20.8	22.2	199.8	21.0	207.7
C12	50.4	52.3	50.4	50.4	203.6	78.1	53.7	52.6	192.6	41.5	49.0	29.6	31.1	30.8	49.9	28.6	50.6
C13	45.6	48.1	45.6	45.6	50.2	50.2	51.0	50.0	59.0	42.1	145.2	46.2	44.7	45.8	44.9	45.6	46.2
C14	59.6	53.0	59.6	59.6	64.8	64.4	51.3	49.7	61.0	59.5	47.9	48.8	51.0	51.0	57.2	49.3	54.7
C15	217.6	72.3	217.6	217.6	78.4	204.0	75.5	74.1	203.8	35.6	33.8	43.6	76.0	28.3	207.7	42.1	210.4
C16	41.1	36.5	41.1	41.1	127.2	127.2	39.0	38.4	38.9	30.5	31.3	76.6	36.5	28.7	35.0	76.6	40.2
C17	45.7	48.3	45.8	45.7	167.7	168.9	49.0	47.7	38.3	53.1	137.3	57.3	49.0	48.6	47.8	56.1	44.5
C18	17.6	17.5	17.6	17.6	30.9	31.0	17.1	16.6	12.4	14.6	179.2	17.8	16.1	17.0	17.8	17.0	15.8
C19	18.7	18.0	18.7	18.7	24.7	25.7	13.7	13.1	18.5	18.6	19.7	19.0	19.1	20.0	17.8	21.4	13.0
C20	32.2	32.6	32.2	32.2	72.2	72.2	33.5	32.0	32.2	36.0	35.4	48.7	36.2	49.0	73.9	47.9	32.1
C21	19.9	19.6	19.9	19.9	28.6	28.7	20.0	19.4	23.3	17.9	18.6	178.8	18.2	178.1	26.5	179.7	19.4
C22	49.5	49.5	49.5	49.5	53.9	53.9	50.5	49.6	48.6	35.3	35.1	31.6	34.6	34.3	42.1	32.0	49.1
C23	207.8	208.5	207.8	207.8	208.0	208.7	211.2	208.3	207.3	22.3	23.2	33.2	25.9	32.2(24R)	23.4	24.9	207.7
C24	46.8	46.8	46.9	46.8	48.0	48.2	47.8	46.8	46.5	58.2	125.6	156.1	145.2	76.5(24R)	143.6	33.6	47.1
C25	34.6	34.8	35.0	34.6	34.1	34.5	36.1	34.6	33.6	213.2	131.5	34.1	126.7	150.0(24R)	127.6	155.1	34.5
C26	179.9	179.3	175.8	179.9	180.1	179.6	179.6	176.2	180.3	32.1	25.8	21.9	172.6	110.8(24R)	173.0	106.4	176.2
C27	17.1	17.1	17.4	17.1	16.8	16.9	17.8	17.1	16.8	31.8	17.7	21.9	12.0	18.7(24R)	12.1	18.6	16.7
C28	28.3	17.3	28.3	28.3	24.0	24.6	25.9	25.2	--	20.3	26.7	27.8	18.2	28.7	27.9	27.3	25.4
C29	16.7	20.3	16.7	16.7	21.7	22.2	21.9	21.2	--	35.0	16.4	22.0	27.9	22.9	15.5	21.5	20.7
C30	24.5	28.3	24.6	24.5	26.9	27.0	12.8	12.5	27.4		28.7	25.7	16.5	25.3	22.4	24.8	12.7
	CO	CO						OCH₃	C31			C31	CH₃CO	COCH₃
	171.1	170.9						51.9	20.3			107.0	171.1	171.3
	CH₃	CH₃							C32			CH₃CO	CH₃CO	COCH₃
	21.5	21.4							19.3			21.1	171.1	21.8
NO.	156^b)	157^d)	158^d)	160^b)	161^d)	162^b)	163^b)	164	165	166	167	168^b)	170^b)	171	172^b)	173^b)	174^b)	175^b)
C1	36.6	29.8	29.7	36.6	35.8	30.9	30.7	36.6	35.8	35.4	35.3	36.4	30.6	36.9	30.8	29.8	30.5	36.6
C2	34.8	25.7	25.6	34.9	34.8	23.2	23.2	34.8	28.2	28.1	24.1	34.7	23.1	35.0	23.3	25.5	23.0	34.8
C3	216.6	73.8	73.8	216.9	216.6	78.1	78.1	217.0	79.0	80.8	80.6	216.4	78.1	215.2	78.2	76.0	78.0	216.9
C4	47.4	37.2	37.0	47.5	47.3	36.6	36.6	47.4	38.7	38.0	37.4	47.4	36.5	47.5	36.8	37.1	36.4	47.5
C5	50.5	42.8	42.8	50.7	50.4	44.0	44.1	50.7	50.4	50.3	48.8	50.6	44.0	51.0	44.1	43.1	44.0	50.7
C6	23.6	22.6	22.6	23.7	23.6	22.9	22.8	23.6	23.1	24.3	22.7	23.6	22.8	23.9	22.7	27.5	27.5	23.7
C7	121.2	120.6	120.6	119.9	121.0	121.2	121.3	119.8	120.3	120.0	120.9	121.7	121.6	121.6	121.6	120.3	120.2	120.3
C8	141.0	142.0	141.9	142.9	141.0	140.3	140.8	142.8	142.7	142.6	140.0	139.9	140.5	142.1	140.2	142.2	142.2	142.5
C9	144.8	146.0	145.9	144.5	144.7	145.9	146.2	144.5	145.9	145.6	145.5	145.0	146.2	145.4	146.2	145.9	145.8	144.6
C10	37.3	37.1	37.1	37.2	37.2	37.4	37.4	37.2	37.4	37.2	37.2	37.4	37.3	37.6	37.5	37.3	37.1	37.2
C11	116.9	115.1	115.1	117.3	117.0	115.7	115.7	117.2	116.3	116.5	116.0	116.8	115.3	117.3	115.5	115.5	115.5	116.9
C12	38.5	35.3	35.3	37.8	38.5	38.0	38.5	37.8	37.9	37.8	37.9	36.6	38.4	38.9	38.1	37.6	37.6	37.8
C13	44.4	43.9	43.9	43.8	44.3	44.2	44.5	43.7	43.8	43.8	43.9	44.3	44.3	44.6	44.1	43.6	43.6	43.7
C14	52.0	48.5	48.4	50.3	51.9	51.5	52.1	50.3	49.2	49.3	51.2	42.9	52.1	52.6	51.6	50.3	50.3	50.3
C15	74.6	43.4	43.3	31.5	74.6	77.5	74.7	27.9	28.0	27.9	77.2	47.0	74.5	73.7	77.4	31.2	31.3	31.4
C16	40.0	75.1	75.0	27.9	40.1	37.0	40.1	31.4	31.5	31.5	36.8	219.2	39.6	40.5	36.7	22.9	22.8	27.6
C17	48.9	56.2	56.2	50.8	48.8	48.9	48.9	50.9	50.9	50.8	48.7	60.5	45.5	49.4	45.6	47.3	47.3	47.4
C18	16.0	16.9	16.9	15.7	15.9	16.0	16.0	15.7	15.7	15.7	15.8	16.8	15.8	16.5	15.9	15.4	15.4	15.5
C19	22.2	22.7	22.7	22.1	22.1	22.7	22.5	22.4	22.8	22.9	22.7	22.1	22.7	22.2	23.0	22.7	22.4	21.1
C20	35.9	46.9	46.9	36.2	35.8	36.0	36.0	36.0	36.1	36.1	35.8	31.5	39.3	36.3	39.8	39.3	39.3	39.4
C21	18.3	177.2	177.2	18.3	18.3	18.5	18.3	18.4	18.4	18.4	18.0	18.6	12.8	18.7	12.8	12.6	12.6	12.7
C22	34.7	31.9	31.7	35.8	36.6	34.7	34.8	35.9	36.0	35.8	34.5	35.7	74.7	30.0	74.6	74.6	74.6	74.7
C23	25.8	26.0	25.4	26.9	25.4	26.0	25.9	24.5	24.6	24.8	25.8	24.8	31.7	24.7	32.1	31.7	31.8	31.9
C24	145.1	124.3	123.1	147.1	126.6	144.9	145.2	126.9	127.0	128.6	144.9	131.2	139.1	127.6	139.2	139.5	139.6	139.5
C25	126.8	131.2	135.7	125.7	134.6	126.8	126.8	134.3	134.3	137.4	126.7	137.3	129.4	140.8	129.4	129.0	129.0	129.1
C26	172.2	25.7	66.5	172.1	69.0	172.0	172.1	69.0	69.1	66.8	173.0	67.7	172.2	65.5	172.0	172.2	172.3	171.9
C27	12.0	17.7	13.6	20.6	13.5	12.1	12.1	13.6	13.7	59.8	11.8	60.5	12.3	58.6	12.4	12.2	12.2	12.3
C28	17.0	28.7	28.7	25.4	16.9	27.8	27.8	25.3	25.6	25.6	18.2	22.4	27.8	25.7	--	--	--	25.3
C29	25.4	22.8	22.8	25.3	25.4	22.5	22.7	25.4	27.8	28.2	28.0	25.3	22.5	22.4	--	--	--	22.5
C30	22.5	26.2	26.1	22.5	22.1	18.2	17.2	22.0	15.8	17.0	16.8	25.7	17.3	18.0	27.9	28.1	27.7	25.5
						COCH₃	COCH₃				AcCH₃		COCH₃		C31	C31	C31	22-O-COCH₃
						171.2	170.8				21.1		170.8		22.6	22.5	22.5	170.7
						COCH₃	COCH₃				AcCH₃		COCH₃		C32	C32	C32	22-O-COCH₃
						21.4	21.3				21.2		21.3		18.6	25.7	25.6	21.1
NO.	176^b)	177^b)	178^b)	179^b)	180^b)	181^b)	182^b)	183^b)	184^b)	185^b)	186^b)	187^a)	188^a)	189^b)	190^b)	191^b)	192^b)	193^b)
C1	35.4	29.9	30.5	30.6	30.5	35.6	35.3	36.6	36.6	29.9	30.6	36.8	36.8	35.6	36.1	35.8	35.4	30.5
C2	24.2	25.5	23.0	23.1	23.1	27.6	24.1	37.5	34.8	25.5	23.1	35.0	29.2	27.8	34.9	36.5	36.5	23.1
C3	80.7	76.7	78.0	78.1	78.0	78.8	80.7	216.6	216.4	76.1	78.1	215.3	78.4	78.8	216.8	216.5	216.5	78.0
C4	37.6	37.3	36.4	36.5	36.4	38.5	37.4	47.4	47.4	37.0	36.5	47.5	39.8	38.6	47.5	47.6	47.6	36.4
C5	48.9	42.9	43.8	44.0	43.9	48.7	48.9	50.4	50.4	42.9	45.0	50.9	50.1	49.0	50.8	60.7	60.8	44.2
C6	22.8	23.0	22.7	22.8	22.7	22.9	22.6	23.6	23.7	23.0	22.8	23.8	23.9	22.9	23.7	23.8	23.8	22.7
C7	121.3	121.5	121.3	121.4	121.2	121.3	121.0	121.0	121.3	121.5	121.6	121.6	122.5	120.3	120.0	121.8	121.8	121.5
C8	140.0	140.0	140.0	140.6	140.6	140.0	140.6	140.4	140.2	140.0	140.5	142.0	142.4	142.4	142.9	140.1	140.2	140.4
C9	145.8	146.0	145.8	146.1	146.1	145.8	145.7	145.0	144.7	146.0	146.2	145.3	147.4	145.9	144.6	145.1	145.1	146.1
C10	37.3	37.3	37.3	37.3	37.2	37.3	37.2	37.3	37.3	37.3	37.3	37.5	38.3	37.3	37.3	37.6	37.6	37.2
C11	115.9	115.5	115.4	115.5	115.4	115.8	116.0	116.9	116.7	115.3	115.3	117.2	116.6	116.0	117.3	117.0	117.0	115.2
C12	38.0	37.9	37.8	38.3	38.3	37.9	38.3	38.0	38.0	37.9	38.4	38.8	39.2	37.7	37.9	36.8	36.8	38.4
C13	43.9	44.1	44.1	44.5	44.3	44.0	44.2	44.1	43.9	43.9	44.2	44.5	45.0	43.7	43.8	44.5	44.5	43.9
C14	51.3	51.7	51.4	52.2	52.0	51.2	51.8	51.3	51.4	51.4	52.0	52.6	53.0	50.2	50.4	43.1	43.1	52.0
C15	77.0	77.0	77.2	74.6	74.5	77.3	74.5	77.2	76.7	76.9	74.5	73.6	74.2	31.4	27.9	34.9	34.9	74.4
C16	36.6	37.2	37.1	40.1	40.2	36.9	39.8	37.0	36.6	36.7	39.8	40.9	41.0	27.7	31.5	25.0	25.3	39.6
C17	45.4	48.7	48.6	48.8	49.2	48.7	48.7	48.9	45.5	45.4	45.0	50.1	49.8	50.7	50.9	31.6	31.7	45.4
C18	15.7	16.0	15.9	16.0	15.7	15.9	15.8	16.0	15.8	15.8	15.8	16.3	16.8	15.7	15.8	17.0	17.1	15.7
C19	22.8	22.6	22.5	22.7	22.5	22.7	22.7	22.4	22.1	22.7	22.6	22.1	23.6	22.6	22.5	22.3	22.3	22.6
C20	39.6	32.8	32.8	33.0	33.4	35.8	35.8	35.9	39.6	39.6	39.3	34.4	36.8	36.0	36.1	50.8	50.8	39.2
C21	12.6	19.4	19.3	19.6	19.4	18.1	18.1	18.2	12.7	12.7	12.8	20.3	19.0	18.2	18.4	18.7	18.8	12.7
C22	74.4	51.5	51.5	51.9	67.0	34.5	34.7	34.6	74.4	74.4	74.6	44.7	37.3	34.6	36.7	219.3	219.0	74.5
C23	31.9	201.6	201.4	201.8	43.6	25.8	25.7	25.9	31.9	31.9	31.7	67.1	25.1	25.9	24.4	47.1	47.1	31.7
C24	139.0	133.8	133.9	134.1	144.8	144.9	145.0	144.5	139.0	139.1	139.2	145.5	127.9	155.4	131.7	131.4	126.8	139.2
C25	129.2	139.5	139.4	139.3	128.3	126.7	126.8	126.8	129.2	129.2	129.4	128.7	141.3	139.1	136.8	137.4	134.8	129.2
C26	171.3	171.2	171.8	171.0	172.0	172.9	172.9	172.1	171.3	171.6	172.0	170.3	65.8	195.3	67.7	60.2	69.3	172.1
C27	12.3	14.1	13.9	14.1	12.6	11.9	11.9	12.0	12.3	12.3	12.3	13.5	58.8	9.0	60.2	67.9	13.8	12.2
C28	18.4	18.5	18.3	17.2	17.1	18.3	17.0	18.2	25.4	--	--	25.6	29.3	25.4	25.5	25.5	25.5	17.2
C29	28.1	28.2	27.7	27.8	27.7	28.1	28.0	25.4	22.4	--	--	22.3	17.1	28.0	22.1	22.6	22.6	27.6
C30	16.9	22.6	22.3	22.5	22.3	15.7	16.8	22.1	18.3	28.2	27.7	18.0	18.6	15.5	25.4	25.8	25.8	22.4
	AcCO	AcCO	AcCO	AcCO	AcCO	AcCO	AcCO	AcCO	15-O-	C31	C31							C1'
	171.1	171.0	171.1	170.9	170.7	171.1	170.9	171.2	COCH₃	22.8	22.5							170.8
	AcCO	AcCH₃	AcCO	AcCH₃	AcCH₃	AcCO	AcCO	AcCO	171.1	C32	C32							C2'
	170.6	21.4	170.7	21.3	21.2	21.3	21.2	21.4		18.5	17.3							170.5
										AcCH₃	AcCH₃							C3'
										21.0	21.6							21.2
NO.	194^b)	196^d)	197^b)	198^b)	201^b)	202^b)	203	204^b)	205^b)	207^b)	208^b)	209	210^b)	214^b)	215^b)	216^b)	217^b)	218^b)
C1	35.6	36.1	35.7	35.4	35.7	36.6	36.6	36.5	29.9	30.0	35.5	30.5	36.7	29.8	35.6	30.6	35.4	29.9
C2	27.7	34.4	28.0	22.8	27.9	34.8	28.7	34.9	25.6	25.6	27.0	23.0	34.8	25.4	27.4	23.1	24.2	25.6
C3	78.8	215.3	78.9	80.8	78.9	216.7	78.1	216.9	76.1	76.3	78.3	78.0	217.0	75.8	78.6	78.0	80.7	76.1
C4	38.6	46.9	38.7	37.6	38.7	47.4	39.4	47.5	37.3	37.3	38.3	36.4	47.5	37.2	38.5	36.5	37.6	37.4
C5	48.7	50.5	49.1	49.3	49.1	50.7	49.8	50.3	42.9	43.1	48.5	43.8	50.3	42.9	49.0	43.9	49.0	43.0
C6	22.9	23.2	23.0	24.3	23.0	23.6	23.5	23.7	23.0	23.0	22.6	22.7	23.6	22.8	22.8	22.8	22.9	22.9
C7	121.6	120.1	120.4	120.0	120.2	119.9	121.0	119.9	121.3	121.4	121.0	121.0	119.9	121.2	121.2	121.2	121.2	121.7
C8	139.9	142.1	142.5	142.7	142.6	142.8	143.0	142.8	140.2	140.9	140.5	140.1	142.8	140.6	140.7	140.1	140.2	140.5
C9	146.0	144.2	146.0	146.7	145.9	144.5	146.6	144.5	146.0	146.3	145.9	145.4	144.4	146.1	146.0	145.9	145.7	146.3
C10	37.4	37.0	37.4	37.8	37.3	37.2	37.8	37.8	37.3	37.3	37.1	37.2	37.8	37.2	37.3	37.3	37.3	37.4
C11	115.5	116.7	116.1	116.5	116.2	117.2	116.6	117.2	115.6	115.7	115.5	115.5	117.2	115.4	115.8	115.5	116.1	115.3
C12	37.9	35.3	37.8	37.2	37.8	37.8	38.1	37.2	38.0	38.5	38.2	37.9	37.2	38.3	38.4	37.9	38.0	38.5
C13	43.9	43.8	43.8	43.7	43.7	43.7	44.1	43.8	44.1	44.4	44.0	44.0	43.7	44.2	44.1	44.1	44.1	44.2
C14	51.3	48.3	50.3	50.3	50.3	50.3	50.7	50.7	51.4	52.2	51.6	51.3	50.7	51.9	51.9	51.4	51.4	52.1
C15	76.9	43.3	31.5	26.0	31.5	27.6	28.1	27.9	77.4	74.8	73.9	77.3	27.9	74.2	74.3	77.3	77.1	74.6
C16	36.6	75.0	27.8	31.5	27.8	28.8	31.9	28.7	37.0	40.0	39.2	36.9	28.8	39.8	38.7	37.2	37.2	39.8
C17	45.4	56.2	50.9	50.8	50.9	51.0	51.5	50.9	48.9	48.8	48.7	48.8	51.0	49.2	45.0	49.4	49.4	45.4
C18	15.7	16.9	15.7	16.9	15.7	15.7	16.6	15.7	16.0	15.9	15.5	15.9	15.3	15.7	15.7	15.9	15.9	15.8
C19	22.7	21.8	22.7	22.8	22.7	22.4	23.1	22.5	22.7	22.7	22.4	22.5	22.4	22.6	22.7	22.6	22.9	22.7
C20	39.5	46.9	36.2	36.5	36.5	36.5	37.1	36.6	36.0	35.9	35.6	35.9	36.6	33.3	40.7	33.6	33.6	39.3
C21	12.6	177.2	18.3	18.6	18.6	18.6	19.0	18.6	18.2	18.3	17.9	18.1	18.6	19.3	12.4	19.3	19.3	12.8
C22	74.4	31.8	34.7	32.6	33.5	31.4	34.4	31.5	34.7	34.8	34.5	34.5	31.5	66.5	72.1	67.2	67.2	74.6
C23	31.8	26.0	26.1	27.8	28.7	33.5	28.9	33.5	25.9	25.7	25.4	25.8	33.5	43.4	34.8	43.3	43.4	31.7
C24	138.9	124.2	155.4	76.6	79.6	79.2	77.2	79.6	145.1	145.2	143.3	145.0	79.1	143.6	139.9	144.7	144.7	139.2
C25	129.2	131.1	139.1	73.3	73.2	73.9	74.8	73.3	126.6	127.0	127.0	126.7	74.1	128.6	129.0	128.1	128.1	129.1
C26	171.5	25.6	195.4	68.5	23.6	67.6	69.3	25.5	171.9	172.8	170.5	172.9	67.6	170.3	170.4	171.2	171.2	171.0
C27	12.2	17.6	9.2	20.2	26.5	22.0	20.1	25.3	12.0	12.0	11.7	11.8	22.0	12.7	11.4	12.8	12.8	12.3
C28	18.3	25.4	28.1	28.1	28.1	--	28.8	23.2	18.5	17.4	16.8	18.3	25.4	17.0	17.1	18.4	18.4	17.3
C29	28.1	22.1	15.8	15.7	15.8	--	16.0	26.6	28.2	28.2	27.7	27.7	25.4	28.0	28.0	27.8	28.1	28.1
C30	15.7	25.8	25.6	25.5	25.6	25.3	25.9	22.1	22.8	22.8	15.4	22.3	20.9	22.7	15.7	22.4	16.9	22.8
	C1'			OCOCH₃		C31			C31			AcCH₃				CH₃CO	CH₃CO	CH₃CO
	171.0			170.64		20.9			171.2			21.2				170.8	170.5	170.6
	C2'			170.93		C32			C32			AcCH₃				CH₃CO	CH₃CO	CH₃CO
	170.5			171.11		25.4			21.4			21.3				170.6	171.0	21.03
	C3'			OCOCH₃								AcCO				CH₃CO	CH₃CO
	21.3			20.83								170.7				21.4	21.3
	C4'			20.99								AcCO				CH₃CO	CH₃CO
	20.9			21.29								171.0				21.3	21.4
NO.	219^b)	220^b)	221^b)	222^b)	223^b)	224^b)	225^b)	226^b)	227^b)	228^b)	229^b)	230^b)	231^b)	232^b)	233^b)	234^b)	238^b)	239^b)
C1	35.6	36.6	35.7	35.0	35.8	34.7	35.8	37.4	35.7	36.0	34.8	37.4	36.7	37.3	35.6	34.2	35.3	34.4
C2	27.3	34.8	27.8	27.9	34.5	27.5	34.1	34.0	34.3	34.5	27.6	34.0	27.4	34.6	34.2	23.9	34.3	27.2
C3	78.6	216.8	78.9	78.5	216.8	78.3	216.6	214.8	216.5	215.9	78.3	215.2	77.5	215.3	218.1	79.9	214.7	78.0
C4	38.5	47.5	38.7	38.8	47.0	38.6	46.7	46.9	46.8	46.8	38.6	46.9	40.5	43.9	46.7	37.5	47.2	38.5
C5	48.9	50.7	49.1	49.3	49.1	49.1	48.8	51.0	49.0	48.9	49.1	50.9	51.4	51.0	48.7	49.2	50.4	49.1
C6	22.8	23.7	23.0	26.8	27.8	26.5	27.6	33.8	27.7	29.1	26.6	33.7	33.3	33.9	27.6	26.6	37.1	26.6
C7	121.6	120.0	120.3	67.0	66.5	66.9	66.2	198.5	66.3	65.7	66.9	198.7	198.8	199.5	66.2	66.1	198.1	66.1
C8	140.4	142.8	142.6	157.2	158.1	156.8	157.4	149.7	157.8	159.8	156.8	149.8	151.6	149.7	157.9	157.4	139.5	155.9
C9	146.2	144.5	146.0	142.9	141.4	142.6	141.1	146.2	141.3	140.9	142.7	146.2	146.0	146.9	141.1	141.6	162.7	142.9
C10	37.3	37.2	37.4	38.8	38.4	38.8	38.2	39.3	38.3	38.5	38.8	39.3	39.2	39.4	38.2	37.5	39.4	38.5
C11	115.4	117.2	116.2	198.2	197.9	197.8	196.9	194.1	197.5	198.0	198.0	194.1	194.1	199.4	197.8	199.5	23.8	192.3
C12	38.3	37.8	37.8	50.6	50.4	49.1	49.9	79.1	49.1	49.8	50.3	79.1	79.4	49.0	50.2	78.2	30.1	79.8
C13	44.0	43.8	43.8	45.5	45.1	46.0	45.0	47.6	45.3	45.5	45.3	47.6	48.0	47.0	44.9	51.9	44.9	50.4
C14	51.8	50.3	50.3	59.6	59.5	58.8	59.2	58.6	58.8	58.3	59.4	58.6	58.5	57.2	59.3	60.2	47.8	60.6
C15	74.0	31.5	31.5	218.1	218.2	217.7	215.8	205.8	217.7	215.5	217.5	205.9	206.0	207.3	216.8	217.1	28.5	216.7
C16	39.1	27.9	27.9	41.2	41.3	38.4	35.6	37.4	38.7	39.5	41.0	37.6	37.6	39.9	41.1	38.0	31.8	37.4
C17	45.3	50.9	50.9	46.4	46.5	46.1	49.5	45.2	46.3	46.7	46.1	45.2	45.5	45.2	46.2	46.5	48.9	46.0
C18	15.6	15.7	15.7	17.6	17.9	18.4	19.0	12.0	18.8	19.3	17.4	12.0	12.1	16.1	17.6	12.0	15.9	13.1
C19	22.7	22.5	22.7	18.6	18.3	18.5	18.1	18.6	18.2	18.6	18.4	18.7	18.0	18.6	18.2	18.8	17.9	18.6
C20	39.1	36.1	36.0	35.4	35.4	143.9	85.9	33.0	143.9	145.8	35.1	33.1	33.0	35.4	35.2	31.7	35.9	31.8
C21	12.5	18.4	18.4	18.3	18.2	112.2	25.9	20.1	112.3	111.6	18.0	20.0	20.2	18.3	18.0	20.5	18.3	20.4
C22	74.9	32.7	32.7	30.8	30.9	31.3	34.2	30.1	31.3	31.8	30.4	29.9	30.2	30.8	30.6	29.4	30.8	29.5
C23	31.5	25.3	25.3	31.3	31.3	32.3	27.4	31.6	31.9	32.6	30.7	31.6	31.8	31.0	31.1	31.5	30.9	30.0
C24	137.2	60.6	60.6	173.8	173.8	177.3	175	173.6	175.1	173.2	178.2	178.7	173.7	173.8	173.5	177.8	178.1	178.2
C25	129.9	60.7	60.7	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
C26	169.9	65.4	65.4	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
C27	12.3	14.2	14.2	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
C28	17.1	25.4	28.1	28.4	27.2	24.2	25.0	--	27.0	27.0	24.4	--	--	--	--	27.9	25.3	28.0
C29	27.9	22.1	15.8	15.6	20.9	28.1	26.9	--	20.8	20.9	28.1	--	--	--	--	16.4	21.4	15.3
C30	15.6	25.4	25.6	24.6	24.9	15.4	20.7	27.6	24.6	25.2	15.4	27.6	27.9	27.7	27.0	23.1	24.9	24.0
	CH₃CO			Bu1'	Bu1'			C31		COOCH₃		C31	C31	C31	C31	C31		COCH₃
	171.1			64.6	64.6			20.8		51.5		20.4	15.6	20.9	20.7	161.0		170.5
	CH₃CO			Bu2'	Bu2'			C32				C32	C32	C32	C32			COCH₃
	20.87			30.9	30.9			20.4				20.8	21.4	20.3	24.6			20.7
NO.	241^b)	242^b)	243^b)	244^b)	248^b)	249^b)	252^b)	253^b)	254^b)	255^b)	256^b)	261^b)	262^a)	263^a)	264^a)	266^a)	267^b)	268^a)
C1	35.6	33.6	34.0	33.3	35.0	35.4	34.0	34.6	33.2	34.8	34.4	36.6	36.8	35.4	36.7	35.3	35.4	73.8
C2	34.3	27.4	33.8	27.4	27.9	34.5	33.6	33.8	27.3	27.6	27.4	34.8	35.0	28.3	27.9	28.9	27.7	39.8
C3	216.9	77.6	214.8	77.5	78.5	215.9	214.9	215.1	77.4	78.2	78.1	216.5	215.3	72.0	70.7	79.3	78.8	75.5
C4	46.8	39.1	46.9	40.5	38.8	47.2	46.9	47.0	40.5	38.6	38.6	47.4	47.4	43.0	43.6	43.1	38.8	40.2
C5	48.8	50.8	51.0	51.4	49.3	49.6	50.9	50.9	51.4	49.1	49.1	50.7	50.9	42.5	44.5	50.2	50.2	49.1
C6	29.0	36.3	37.4	36.7	26.9	28.0	37.4	37.2	36.6	26.6	26.7	23.7	23.8	27.8	34.1	28.5	18.2	17.6
C7	68.8	199.4	198.5	198.8	67.0	66.0	198.4	199.1	198.0	66.0	66.1	119.9	121.6	66.7	200.4	67.0	26.4	26.0
C8	159.2	151.6	149.7	151.6	157.2	158.6	145.6	146.2	151.4	156.5	155.9	142.6	142.0	158.8	152.2	158.0	134.1	134.1
C9	140.3	147.0	146.2	156.0	142.9	140.6	149.6	149.6	145.4	142.6	142.9	144.4	145.3	142.9	147.4	142.6	134.4	137.0
C10	38.0	40.4	39.3	39.2	38.9	38.1	39.3	34.6	39.1	38.9	38.6	37.2	37.5	39.2	40.8	39.1	36.9	44.1
C11	199.6	199.9	194.1	194.1	198.1	199.9	193.3	198.0	193.0	197.0	191.0	117.0	117.2	198.3	199.8	198.4	20.9	25.1
C12	51.8	49.6	79.1	79.4	50.6	78.5	78.6	48.8	78.9	50.2	79.1	37.8	38.7	51.1	49.9	51.1	30.7	32.0
C13	46.6	44.3	47.6	48.0	45.5	51.9	47.9	44.3	48.2	45.4	49.8	43.7	44.5	45.6	44.5	45.6	44.4	44.3
C14	53.9	57.0	58.6	58.5	59.6	60.5	58.9	57.1	58.9	59.3	61.0	50.2	52.6	59.2	57.6	59.0	49.8	50.4
C15	72.6	208.1	205.8	206.0	218.1	217.5	203.8	204.9	203.9	215.7	214.5	27.9	73.6	216.8	208.0	216.7	30.7	31.6
C16	36.6	40.2	37.4	37.6	41.2	37.9	35.4	34.3	35.7	35.7	37.1	31.5	40.4	41.4	40.5	41.5	27.7	28.7
C17	48.5	45.6	45.2	45.5	46.4	46.8	48.8	48.1	49.2	49.5	50.2	50.8	49.3	46.2	45.5	46.3	45.7	46.6
C18	17.3	16.2	12.0	12.1	17.6	12.3	13.0	17.4	13.2	18.8	14.2	15.7	16.4	17.8	16.4	17.9	15.5	16.2
C19	19.4	17.8	18.6	18.0	18.6	18.5	18.7	18.6	17.9	18.3	18.5	22.0	22.1	19.2	18.6	19.2	19.1	15.5
C20	35.7	35.3	33.0	33.0	35.4	31.8	86.4	86.0	86.6	85.9	86.7	36.2	36.1	35.4	35.5	35.3	40.4	40.7
C21	18.1	18.2	20.1	20.2	18.2	20.7	26.1	26.3	26.1	25.9	25.2	18.3	18.4	18.1	18.2	18.0	13.3	13.8
C22	30.0	30.5	30.1	30.2	30.9	30.0	34.5	34.2	34.5	34.2	34.6	29.7	32.0	31.0	31.0	31.0	80.2	80.5
C23	31.0	30.8	31.6	31.8	31.1	32.4	28.0	27.3	28.1	27.5	28.3	30.1	31.9	31.0	31.1	30.9	27.7	28.7
C24	174.3	178.0	173.6	173.7	174.1	173.9	175.6	175.8	175.6	175.9	175.5	178.2	176.4	174.0	174.0	174.1	139.7	140.5
C25	--	27.8	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	66.6	65.1	--	128.1	127.8
C26	--	15.5	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	13.2	13.1	--	166.6	166.2
C27	--	21.8	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	24.8	21.6	--	17.1	18.7
C28	27.4	--	--	--	28.4	26.5	27.6	27.6	27.9	28.1	28.1	25.4	25.6	--	--	23.7	27.9	28.2
C29	20.7	--	--	--	15.6	21.4	20.4	20.3	15.5	15.4	15.4	22.4	22.3	--	--	64.2	15.4	15.4
C30	19.4	--	27.6	27.9	24.6	23.5	21.1	21.3	21.6	24.7	24.5	25.3	17.9	--	--	24.9	24.3	24.9
	CO-		C31	C31	C1'	C1'	COCH₃		COCH₃		COCH₃			CO-	CO-	CO-
	OCH₃		20.4	15.6	51.9	64.6	170.1		170.1		170.3			OCH₃	OCH₃	OCH₃
	51.6		C32	C32		C2'	COCH₃		COCH₃		COCH₃			51.4	51.4	51.4
			20.8	21.4		30.9	21.0		21.0		21.2
NO.	269^b)	270^b)	271^b)	272^b)	273^b)	274^b)	275^b)	276^b)	277^a)	278^b)	279^b)	280^b)	281^b)	282^b)	286	287	288^b)	289^b)
C1	143.7	143.6	144.2	147.9	35.2	35.0	36.6	36.6	35.5	35.2	36.0	35.7	35.7	35.4	36.2	36.1	36.7	29.7
C2	118.0	118.1	118.5	116.7	34.3	28.3	34.8	34.8	29.3	34.3	33.6	27.7	35.4	27.5	33.7	33.6	34.9	22.8
C3	167.1	167.0	166.8	163.9	213.2	77.0	217.0	217.0	78.1	217.2	216.2	78.0	215.7	77.9	216.5	216.0	216.9	77.5
C4	80.5	80.5	80.6	77.5	47.0	38.6	47.5	47.5	40.1	44.8	45.9	41.5	46.0	41.8	46.0	45.9	47.5	36.4
C5	49.0	49.0	49.2	92.6	49.8	49.6	50.8	50.8	50.5	49.4	40.8	39.3	40.7	39.4	39.4	40.7	50.7	47.7
C6	38.7	38.4	37.3	44.1	27.9	27.9	23.6	23.6	27.2	27.2	23.2	21.8	22.9	21.8	23.2	22.7	23.7	20.4
C7	27.6	27.2	27.2	26.8	65.8	66.6	119.4	119.4	71.7	70.1	60.5	58.7	59.1	59.0	62.9	62.6	119.4	25.7
C8	147.6	147.0	149.3	149.5	157.8	156.8	142.8	142.7	158.3	158.3	66.0	71.4	62.1	62.9	64.3	57.6	142.7	137.6
C9	130.5	129.9	131.8	127.6	140.9	143.0	144.4	144.4	140.7	138.7	163.4	165.6	167.6	168.9	164.8	164.8	144.3	128.3
C10	139.1	139.3	140.1	132.9	37.8	39.2	37.2	37.1	39.3	37.5	40.2	37.9	40.8	38.0	40.3	40.7	37.2	39.4
C11	26.9	26.8	67.7	28.0	199.4	200.5	117.3	117.2	200.0	199.7	130.8	128.7	129.8	128.5	130.1	129.7	117.2	22.5
C12	31.4	31.1	42.5	31.1	78.1	79.0	37.7	37.7	53.3	52.1	201.2	200.9	199.8	200.2	202.8	200.5	37.7	31.0
C13	43.7	44.3	43.2	44.3	49.9	50.5	43.7	43.7	40.1	46.9	50.3	54.9	54.5	54.3	53.3	55.0	43.8	44.3
C14	56.4	54.9	55.6	55.1	63.3	63.0	50.3	50.2	53.7	52.9	59.3	62.0	62.8	61.5	60.2	58.8	50.3	50.4
C15	76.2	78.0	77.6	78.4	215.5	215.0	27.8	27.8	71.9	70.8	71.7	209.6	202.8	203.1	76.6	209.5	27.8	31.1
C16	40.6	38.6	38.5	38.4	60.4	60.6	31.5	31.4	33.3	32.5	33.6	38.5	125.2	125.2	39.5	38.3	31.5	27.6
C17	45.6	45.3	45.1	45.7	54.2	54.0	50.8	50.7	49.6	48.9	45.8	43.0	181.6	181.9	48.7	42.9	50.9	45.7
C18	17.3	16.7	18.9	16.8	12.8	13.3	15.7	15.7	18.1	17.6	18.1	18.1	30.3	29.8	19.6	18.1	15.8	15.7
C19	143.0	142.8	141.0	139.4	18.3	19.2	22.0	22.0	20.7	19.6	21.6	18.3	24.9	25.9	21.3	21.6	22.1	104.0
C20	40.0	39.9	39.9	39.8	33.0	33.3	36.4	36.5	33.6	32.7	157.3	154.9	73.0	72.9	158.6	158.6	36.5	40.4
C21	13.4	13.3	13.2	13.3	19.2	19.6	18.5	18.5	20.3	19.8	20.6	20.4	29.5	29.4	20.9	20.4	18.7	13.3
C22	80.0	79.8	79.6	79.7	52.5	52.3	33.1	33.1	50.6	49.9	126.0	126.7	52.9	52.9	126.3	126.8	33.5	80.1
C23	27.8	27.8	27.7	27.7	87.0	87.5	25.8	25.7	209.3	208.5	198.8	198.7	206.2	206.3	199.2	198.5	29.8	27.9
C24	139.6	139.4	139.4	139.3	40.6	40.4	78.8	76.8	47.8	46.9	47.6	47.7	47.8	47.8	47.6	47.6	77.2	139.0
C25	128.3	128.4	128.4	128.4	34.3	34.8	73.6	73.5	36.3	34.8	34.8	34.9	34.5	33.1	33.7	34.9	73.9	128.0
C26	166.4	166.3	166.2	166.2	178.6	179.0	66.5	68.7	178.6	176.4	179.6	179.7	179.9	179.9	180.1	180.2	69.6	166.5
C27	17.1	17.1	17.1	17.1	15.6	15.6	18.1	18.3	18.3	17.3	17.0	17.0	16.9	16.9	17.0	17.0	20.3	17.2
C28	29.0	28.8	28.1	24.9	--	--	25.3	25.3	29.3	27.8	14.6	17.1	24.8	17.1	21.7	24.8	25.4	23.8
C29	26.3	26.4	26.7	24.8	--	--	22.5	22.4	17.4	20.8	24.6	25.8	21.6	25.7	24.8	21.7	22.5	25.7
C30	26.6	26.4	25.4	24.4	25.8	28.5	25.4	25.4	20.2	19.8	28.7	28.7	28.7	28.7	28.6	28.6	25.5	23.2
		C1'	C1'	C1'	C31	C31	C1'	C1'	C1'	COCH₃							C1'	OCH₃
		170.4	170.3	170.1	21.3	16.0	195.5	31.8	102.7	52.1							195.3	55.2
		C2'	C2'	C2'	C32	C32	C2'	C2'	C2'	C(CH₃)₂							C2'
		21.4	21.4	21.3	25.2	24.6	127.8	140.6	24.1	102.3							126.6
NO.	290^b)	291^b)	292^b)	293^a)	294^b)	295^b)	296^b)	297^e)	298^b)	299^a)	300^a)	301^a)	302^b)	303^b)	304^b)	305^b)	306^b)	307^b)
C1	27.5	143.8	34.1	35.5	35.7	31.2	28.7	31.3	32.6	57.0	57.0	57.0	30.4	31.0	28.8	28.8	29.7	35.2
C2	27.1	118.0	27.4	28.6	34.2	27.7	28.4	23.6	28.0	36.5	36.5	36.5	23.3	34.6	27.7	25.5	28.3	34.0
C3	177.3	167.0	76.5	77.6	216.4	78.7	179.0	78.3	78.9	216.5	216.5	216.4	78.1	216.6	175.6	174.5	175.5	214.9
C4	74.5	77.8	39.2	49.7	46.8	38.9	75.3	37.0	39.0	47.0	47.0	47.1	36.7	47.1	75.2	75.0	74.8	46.6
C5	55.1	48.9	50.3	49.7	48.9	50.2	47.9	46.0	50.1	55.4	55.4	55.5	45.3	39.7	47.9	48.0	47.8	49.3
C6	33.8	35.8	36.9	28.1	27.6	17.6	23.9	18.4	17.8	29.4	29.4	29.4	18.0	28.8	24.3	21.5	24.8	36.9
C7	27.1	27.1	203.8	66.7	66.2	25.7	26.7	26.3	26.2	68.3	68.4	68.3	25.9	66.2	24.3	117.9	26.0	204.5
C8	139.2	146.0	146.2	158.7	157.5	137.1	143.3	134.4	137.9	136.4	136.3	136.3	133.7	132.9	143.1	134.1	139.6	150.9
C9	121.7	147.0	155.9	142.7	141.2	131.7	126.1	135.1	130.4	154.7	154.7	154.8	134.7	76.3	126.1	141.1	126.1	153.2
C10	91.5	142.8	40.4	39.3	38.3	39.6	45.4	37.3	42.2	48.6	48.6	48.6	36.9	41.4	45.4	42.2	45.7	39.4
C11	33.0	26.3	198.5	198.0	196.8	23.0	20.8	21.2	22.0	83.5	83.6	83.5	20.8	26.2	22.6	120.4	22.5	200.9
C12	30.7	31.1	79.3	50.9	50.1	31.0	31.0	30.8	31.0	37.4	37.4	37.4	30.8	34.2	31.2	39.4	31.2	49.6
C13	44.5	44.3	54.1	45.8	45.1	44.4	44.3	45.0	44.4	45.6	45.6	45.7	44.3	45.2	51.4	43.7	44.1	48.2
C14	50.5	54.9	50.6	59.0	59.3	50.2	51.5	49.9	50.4	62.3	62.4	62.4	49.5	155.0	51.8	49.9	51.4	51.8
C15	30.1	77.8	80.1	215.0	215.8	30.7	31.3	27.5	30.7	215.0	215.3	214.8	27.0	77.5	30.5	31.5	30.8	72.9
C16	27.1	38.5	128.1	36.5	35.8	27.6	27.4	29.4	27.5	41.0	41.1	41.0	28.9	47.9	28.5	26.0	26.6	31.7
C17	45.5	44.8	157.7	49.7	49.0	45.8	45.9	47.7	47.1	46.8	46.9	46.6	47.0	49.7	46.9	47.5	47.8	39.2
C18	15.5	16.7	26.0	18.6	18.1	15.6	15.9	16.4	16.6	17.7	17.7	17.7	16.3	17.2	15.7	16.0	15.8	16.6
C19	41.5	142.8	20.8	19.4	19.1	67.8	67.3	19.1	65.8	18.8	18.8	18.8	19.0	17.0	67.2	61.6	67.2	17.6
C20	40.3	35.8	71.2	86.5	85.5	40.4	40.3	49.1	41.6	35.7	35.9	32.6	47.8	37.8	40.1	40.0	40.2	124.4
C21	13.3	12.8	32.8	25.8	26.0	13.3	13.4	178.5	12.0	18.6	18.7	20.3	175.2	13.3	12.9	12.6	13.3	138.4
C22	80.1	84.0	48.6	27.8	27.5	80.2	80.3	31.9	72.7	31.4	31.9	49.8	32.9	74.6	75.6	75.5	80.1	107.7
C23	27.9	63.6	106.8	34.2	34.2	27.9	27.8	32.8	34.0	31.1	31.8	208.9	123.5	31.6	33.1	33.1	27.3	153.6
C24	139.7	143.8	44.6	176.7	175.9	139.6	139.7	156.0	125.4	174.1	176.1	46.9	132.3	138.5	141.0	140.9	142.9	34.3
C25	128.0	127.7	34.1	--	--	128.2	128.2	34.3	137.9	--	--	35.7	155.4	129.8	128.2	128.1	128.0	38.5
C26	166.5	164.0	178.7	--	--	166.6	166.7	22.0	61.4	--	--	178.4	106.7	172.0	172.4	171.7	166.3	180.0
C27	17.1	16.8	14.5	--	--	17.1	17.1	21.9	22.4	--	--	17.7	17.7	12.5	20.6	20.5	17.0	18.9
C28	32.0	28.5	29.6	25.4	25.0	28.1	33.7	28.0	28.4	27.1	27.1	27.1	27.6	25.8	33.7	33.5	28.7	27.3
C29	25.2	26.6	15.1	16.5	27.0	15.5	26.1	21.9	15.5	18.9	18.9	18.9	21.8	22.0	26.1	25.8	23.8	20.4
C30	24.5	26.6	29.7	28.8	20.7	24.2	24.9	24.5	24.7	20.6	20.7	20.6	24.4	31.4	24.3	24.3	22.5	20.5
		CO				C1'	C1'	C1'	C1'	OCH₃			C1'		C1'	C1'	C1'
		170.4				171.1	170.7	171.2	170.5	51.4			94.5		170.6	170.5	170.4
NO.	308^a)	309^b)	310^a)	311^b)	312^a)	315^a)	316^b)	NO.	308^a)	309^b)	310^a)	311^b)	312^a)	315^a)	316^b)
C1	32.7	31.8	38.0	36.6	37.1	35.5	32.4	C18	17.7	17.7	18.0	17.8	17.7	17.7	19.6
C2	30.8	30.4	29.6	29.9	30.1	28.8	32.2	C19	22.4	22.4	25.5	24.9	23.0	20.0	16.3
C3	176.5	173.9	176.4	174.7	175.6	77.6	214.1	C20	36.2	36.2	36.2	36.0	139.9	40.1	205.2
C4	146.5	146.4	87.3	86.1	145.0	39.4	47.0	C21	18.5	18.5	18.1	18.1	19.0	17.5	31.2
C5	45.0	45.0	48.0	48.4	44.8	49.9	43.5	C22	31.9	27.7	31.9	31.3	126.3	66.9	26.9
C6	35.5	35.4	32.1	32.5	27.0	29.0	36.7	C23	31.9	32.4	31.6	31.0	75.2	--	20.3
C7	67.9	67.8	72.9	73.1	61.3	69.5	198.3	C24	176.5	176.5	176.4	174.5	36.8	--	17.5
C8	165.3	165.7	161.4	161.2	66.5	160.5	66.8	C25	--	--	--	--	34.3	--	--
C9	137.4	137.1	135.4	135.1	163.0	141.9	68.1	C26	--	--	--	--	179.0	--	--
C10	41.3	41.2	41.6	41.1	43.8	39.1	37.4	C27	--	--	--	--	15.5	--	--
C11	200.4	200.4	199.8	200.2	130.0	200.3	200.6	C28	115.6	115.7	71.3	71.3	115.2	28.8	--
C12	52.1	52.0	50.9	50.8	201.1	52.8	46.0	C29	23.4	23.2	25.0	25.3	23.0	16.7
C13	47.3	41.2	45.3	45.2	59.1	47.7	45.5	C30	27.6	27.7	24.5	23.8	15.1	20.2
C14	53.4	53.3	50.9	50.6	51.8	54.5	54.8			CH₂O		3-OCH₃	OAc
C15	32.4	31.9	30.1	29.3	71.8	72.6	205.9			60.4		51.9	20.7
C16	27.8	32.4	27.2	29.5	31.9	36.6	36.4			CH₃CH₂O		24-OCH₃	169.9
C17	50.1	50.1	50.2	50.0	44.3	45.4	52.4			14.4		51.8

Notes: NO. 1 N-BU 2' 30.8, N-BU 3' 19.3, N-BU 4' 13.9; NO. 2 Bu 4' 13.9; NO. 3 Bu 4' 13.9; NO. 24 OCH₂CH₃ 14.1; NO. 29 OCOCH₃ 20.9; NO. 41 15-COCH₃ 21.3; NO.65 15-OCOCH₃ 21.1; NO. 73 7-OCH₃ 55.6; NO. 74 7-OCH₃ 54.5; NO.77 AcCH₃ 21.4, AcCH₃ 21.0; NO. 78 3-OCOCH₃ 21.2, 22-OCOCH₃ 170.6, 22-OCOCH₃ 21.0; NO. 79 22-OCOCH₃ 21.0; NO. 80 15-OCOCH₃ 21.1, 22-OCOCH₃, 170.6, 22-OCOCH₃ 21.0; NO. 81 22-OCOCH₃ 21.1; NO. 82 22-OCOCH₃ 170.6, 22-OCOCH₃ 21.0; NO. 83 AcCH₃ 21.1, AcCH₃ 21.3, AcCH₃ 21.3, CO 170.3, CO 170.3, CO 170.5; NO. 84 AcCH₃ 21.0, AcCH₃ 21.6, AcCH₃ 21.7, CO 170.6, CO 170.1, CO 170.2, OCH₃ 55.2; NO. 99 COOCH₃51.9; NO. 100 OCH₃ 51.9; NO. 101 OCH₃ 51.9, COCH₃ 20.9, COCH₃ 170.2; NO. 102 OCH₃ 51.8, COCH₃ 20.8, COCH₃ 170.1; NO. 103 OCH₃ 51.9; NO. 104 OCH₃ 51.9; NO. 105 OCH₃ 51.9; NO. 118 C3' 73.7, C4' 69.7, C5' 63.7, COCH₃ 170.9, COCH₃ 21.4; NO. 120 C2' 74.0, C3' 79.2, C4' 71.4, C5' 79.0, C6' 62.5; NO. 127 OCH₃ 52.0; NO. 138 COO-CH₂CH₃ 60.9, COOCH₂CH₃ 14.4, CO of AcO-C(3) 171.1, CH₃ of AcO-C(3) 21.5; NO. 139 COOCH₂CH₃ 60.8, COOCH₂CH₃ 14.4; NO. 145 C24' 6.8; NO. 149 CH₃CO 170.4; NO. 150 CH₃CO 21.4, CH₃CO 21.3; NO. 151 C23 31.8(24S), C24 75.6(24S), C25 149.8(24S), C26 111.5(24S), C27 18.1(24S); NO. 153 C24' 21.5; NO. 167 AcCO 170.8, AcCO 171.0.; NO. 172 AcCH₃ 21.2, AcCH₃ 21.4, AcCH₃ 21.5, CO 170.7, CO 170.9, CO 170.2; NO. 173 AcCH₃ 21.0, CO 170.6; NO. 174 AcCH₃21.0, AcCH₃ 21.3, CO 170.6, CO 170.6; NO. 176 AcCO 170.0, AcCH₃ 21.4, AcCH₃ 21.3, AcCH₃ 21.0; NO. 178 AcCH₃ 21.2, AcCH₃ 21.2; NO. 184 15-OCOCH₃ 21.4, 22-OCOCH₃ 170.6, 22-OCOCH₃ 21.0; NO. 185 AcCH₃ 21.5, CO 170.6, CO 171.2; NO. 186 AcCH₃ 21.7, CO 170.7, CO 170.9; NO. 193 C4' 20.9; NO. 222 Bu3' 19.3, Bu4' 13.9; NO. 223 Bu3' 19.3, Bu4' 13.9; NO. 226 COOCH₃ 20.8, OCH₃ 51.4, COCH₃ 170.0; NO. 230 COCH₃ 20.8, COCH₃ 170.1; NO. 231 OCH₃ 51.6, COCH₃ 20.9, COCH₃ 170.1; NO. 232 OCH₃ 51.7; NO. 233 C33 60.5, C34 14.2; NO. 243 OCH₃ 51.6, COCH₃20.8, COCH₃ 170.0; NO. 244 OCH₃ 51.6, COCH₃ 20.9, COCH₃ 170.1; NO. 249 C3' 19.3, C4' 13.9; NO. 275 C3' 145.2, C4' 34.5 C5' 25.6, C6' 122.1, C7' 136.9, C8' 39.0, C9' 25.6, C10' 125.5, C11' 134.5, C12' 38.7, C13' 13.8, C14' 16.2, C15', 169.0, C1'' 157.1, C2'' 112.7, C3'' 117.3, C4'' 148.2, C5'' 126.0, C6'' 119.8; NO. 276 C3' 133.3, C4' 35.9 C5' 28.5, C6' 124.6, C7' 136.7, C8' 38.9, C9' 27.3, C10' 126.8, C11' 135.8, C12' 69.0, C13' 13.7, C14' 16.2, C15' 172.3, C1'' 128.0, C2'' 149.3, C3'' 114.8, C4'' 151.2, C5'' 116.9, C6'' 117.8; NO. 277 C3' 27.0; NO. 278 CH₃ 26.4, CH₃ 23.5; NO. 288 C3' 146.3, C4' 34.6C5' 25.5, C6' 122.1, C7' 136.6, C8' 39.1, C9' 25.5, C10' 125.3, C11' 134.4, C12' 68.6, C13' 13.9, C14' 16.3, C15' 168.3, C1'' 157.0, C2'' 114.9, C3'' 117.2, C4'' 148.1, C5'' 126.1, C6'' 119.8; NO. 291 CH₃ 21.4; NO. 295 C2' 21.1; NO. 296 C2' 21.1; NO. 297 C2' 46.4, C3' 69.9 C4' 46.1, C5' 171. 9,3'-CH₃ 28.4, OCH₃ 51.2, C31 107.1; NO. 298 C2' 21.1; NO. 302 C2' 72.3, C3' 75.9, C4' 69.5, C5' 65.8, COCH₃ 170.9, COCH₃ 21.4, C241 25.7; NO. 303 22-OCOCH₃ 171.3, 22-OCOCH₃, 21.2; NO. 304 C2' 20.7, C1'' 170.9, C2'' 21.1, OCH₃ 51.8; NO. 305 C2' 21.1, C1'' 170.8, C2'' 21.2, OCH₃ 51.8; NO. 306 C2' 20.7, OCH₃ 51.4. (a) Measured in C₅D₅N; (b) Measured in CDCl₃; (c) Measured in CD₃OD(50%) and CDCl₃(50%); (d) Measured in DMSO-d₆; (e) Measured in pyridine-d₅; (f) Measured in CD₃OD; (g) Measured in (CD₃)₂CO; (h) Measured in C₆D₆.

4. The Bioactivities of Ganoderma Triterpenes

4.1. Anti-Tumor Activity

Cancer has been acknowledged as a huge threat to human health and most governments are committed to diminish this threat. The urgent task of finding anti-tumor drugs with high efficiency and low toxicity have drawn countless researchers’ efforts directed to the discovery of lead compounds or bioactive ingredients from nature resources such as Ganoderma. The GTs were extensively evaluated for cytotoxic activities against a series of tumor cell lines. Compounds 45, 46, 164 and 204 showed cytotoxic effects against the tested tumor cell lines. Compound 46 exhibited the most potent cytotoxicity against LLC, T-47D, Sarcoma 180 and Meth-A tumor cells [25]. Compounds 62, 190 and 212 showed strong cytotoxic activities against human Hela cervical cancer cells [26]. According to Cheng’s report, the ganoderic alcohols showed stronger activities than ganoderic acids which implies that a hydroxy group substituted at 26 may be a very important structural feature for cytotoxic activity, however, the more hydroxyl groups there are, the lower the inhibitory activity will be [26]. Compounds 42 and 85 showed cytotoxicity against p388, Hela, BEL-7402, and SGC-7901 human cancer cell lines, with IC₅₀ values in the 8–25 μM range [32]. Compounds 47–52 were studied in vitro against Meth-A and LLC tumor cell lines [37]. Compound 187 displayed selective inhibitory activity against HL-60 cells, and compound 131 exhibited selective cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cells. Compounds 7, 67 and 188 showed the ability to induce hPXR-mediated CYP3A4 expression [47]. Compounds 9, 23, 57 and 68 showed significant cytotoxic activity, with IC₅₀ values of 18.7, 21.4, 16.2 and 20.1 μg/mL, respectively [48]. Compounds 77, 163, 170 and 173 were tested in vitro for their cytotoxic activities against 95D and Hela tumor cell lines with IC₅₀ values ranging from 14.7 to 38.5 μM [49]. Compound 121 showed significant activity against T-24 cells, while compounds 119, 123, showed significant activity against T-24, HT-3, and CaSKi cells, respectively [60]. Compound 297 showed significant cytotoxic activity with an IC₅₀ value of 2.5 μg/mL in the Hep-2 cell line [62]. Treatment of human hepatoma HuH-7 cells with compound 205 caused immediate inhibition of DNA synthesis as well as activation of ERK and JNK mitogen-activated protein kinases, and cell apoptosis. Molecular events of apoptosis including degradation of chromosomal DNA, decrease in the level of Bcl-xL, the disruption of mitochondrial membrane, cytosolic release of cytocherome c and activation of caspase-3 were elucidated. The ability of compound 205 to inhibit topoisomerases and to sensitize cancer cells towards apoptosis meets the criteria of a potential anticancer drug [88]. Compounds 30, 229 and 235 showed significant cytotoxic activities against Hep G2, Hep G2,2,15, and P-388 cell lines [91]. Compound 233 showed cytotoxicity against HL-60 and CA46 cancer cell lines [93]. Biological activity as an anti-tumor promoter was observed for compounds 279–282 [101]. Compound 285 showed moderate cytotoxicity against liver cancer and lung cancer cell lines [27]. Compounds 140, 279, 281, 287, 292 and 312 inhibited the viability and growth of the HL-60 cell lines [103].

4.2. Anti-HIV and Anti-HIV-1 Protease Activity

It was reported that compounds 270, 272, 291 and 304–306 were inhibitory against HIV-1 protease, with IC₅₀ values for the most potent compounds ranging from 5 μg∙mL⁻¹ to 13 μg∙mL⁻¹ [102]. Moreover, compounds 190 and 210 were found to be active as anti-HIV-1 agents with an inhibitory concentration of 7.8 μg∙mL⁻¹ for both, and compounds 4, 11, 23, 28, 171 and 203 were moderately active inhibitors against HIV-1 protease with a 50% inhibitory concentration of 0.17–0.23 mM [18]. While compounds 5, 53, 201 and 204 showed significant anti-HIV-1 protease activity with IC₅₀ values of 20–90 μM [38]. In addition, compounds 39, 224 and 255 inhibited human immunodeficiency virus-1 protease with IC₅₀ values of 20–24 μM.

4.3. Neurotrophic Activity

A series of reports has shown that Ganoderma triterpenes exhibit neurotrophic activity. Bioassay results revealed that compounds 12 and 261 have nerve growth factor-like neuronal survival-promoting effects, whereas the two compounds mentioned above and compounds 10, 159 and 183 showed brain-derived neurotrophic factor-like neuronal survival-promoting activities [73]. Compounds 1 and 278, exhibiting specific anti-acetylc-holinesterase activity, are being examined as possible drug candidates for the treatment of Alzheimer’s and related neurodegenerative diseases. Compounds 62, 204, 210 and some other Ganoderma triterpenes exhibited moderate acetylcholinesterase-inhibitory activity, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 9.40 to 31.03 μM. These results indicated that these lanostane triterpenes are preferential inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase and may be suitable as drug candidates [16].

4.4. Hepatoprotection

It is also reported that compound 11 showed significant hepatoprotective activity. However, increased doses of compound 11 (up to 10 times) did not further reduce GOT/GPT levels in the serum of the mice [107]. Compound 144 has an activity of lowering the levels GPT in mice with liver injury by CCl₄ and GaNI and exhibits hepatoprotective effects [67].

4.5. Antiobesity Activity

In 2010, the inhibitory effect of triterpenes isolated from G. lucidum on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells was reported for the first time [17]. According to a report on the subsequent research, compound 249 reduced the triglyceride accumulation significantly by 72% at 80 μM and it effectively suppressed the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in the cells. It suppressed the gene expressed of PPARγ, C/EBPα, and SREBP-1c in a dose-dependent manner during differentiation. These findings demonstrate that compound 249 contributes to the inhibitory effect on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells [96].

4.6. Hypoglycemic Activity

The inhibitory effect on aldose reductase was examined for compound 27 and its methyl ester. The results indicated that the IC₅₀ of 27 is 22.8 μM, whereas that of its methyl ester is more than 200 μM, which suggested that a carboxyl group of side chain of compound 27 is essential for potent inhibitory activity because of much lower level of inhibitory activity of its methyl ester. However, the exact reason for the difference in inhibition between compound 27 and its methyl ester remains unclear [29]. Compound 169 was also found to have high α-glucosidase inhibition, with IC₅₀ of 119.8 μM [108].

4.7. Other Bioactivities

Ganoderma has been investigated for other bioactivities. Compounds 45 and 58 were found to exhibit potent inhibitory activity against herpes simplex virus [42]. Compounds 13 and 15 were shown to inhibit histamine release from rat mast cells [21]. In the study on compounds 3 and 156, it was found they both exhibited inhibitory activities against the HMG-CoA reductase and acyl CoA acyltransferase [35]. Another study demonstrated that compounds 44 and 49 exhibited potent enhancement of ConA-induced mice splenocytes proliferation in vitro [36]. It was found that compounds 161, 189 and 316 possess the bioactivity to induce apoptosis in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells [75]. An investigation on the ability of some Ganoderma triterpenes to inhibit 5α-reductase in rat liver microsomes revealed that compounds 64, 161 and 206 showed the inhibitory activity. Further study suggested that a carboxyl group of the 17β-side chain of compound 206 was essential to elicit the inhibitory activity [89]. The in vitro tests showed that compounds 308 and 310 exhibited modest inhibitory activity against rabbit platelet aggregation induced by platelet activating factor (PAF), and compound 310 also displayed weak inhibition against platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) [105]. The C-3 epimer of compound 172 also exhibited significant antimycobacterial activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra [46].

5. Conclusions

Ganoderma triterpenes (GTs) are a class of compounds with various chemical structures and a diverse range of biological activities. Biomedical analysis has shown that triterpenes possess important pharmacological activities and are thought to be potential candidates for drug discovery, but their low abundance, complex procedures of extraction and purification, the difficult preparation of high purity triterpenoids from G .lucidum is currently limited at the laboratory scale. Thus, how to enhance the content of triterpenoids and improve the technology of the extraction and purification of triterpenoids from Ganoderma lucidum is a problem that needs to be solved. We can expect to enhance GT production through the regulation of GA biosynthesis, thus promoting the industrial development of G. lucidum and provide an important resource for the development and application of new antineoplastic, anti-HIV, and other drugs.

Based on the above analysis of structural complexity and functional group variety, it is especially important to prove the structure-function relationships to make up for the inadequacy of this aspect. Although extensive research has been done on this herb, there is still a lot of scope for further research, especially on the mechanisms of biological activity of GTs with emphasis on agents with anti-tumor, anti-HIV, neurotrophic properties. G. lucidum and G. sinense that are recorded in the pharmacopoeia of China in 2010 have been widely applied in China [8]. Their long-standing medicinal history indicates their irreplaceable functions. In further study, researchers may need to pay more attention to the two species, and focus on the active substances such as the triterpenes summarized above. To achieve better quality control, the studies on other species are also important, so that the differences between species can be illustrated clearly. Additionally, more important bioactive constituents should be integrated into the quality control system of Ganoderma. Further experiments including in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies should be encouraged to identify any potential side effects.

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Science-technology Support Plan Project (NO. 2012BAI29B00).

Author Contributions

Qing Xia, Huazheng Zhang, Gaimei She, and Lanzhen Zhang have all been involved in drafting this review. Qing Xia and Huazheng Zhang contributed equally to this work. Xuefei Sun, Haijuan Zhao, Lingfang Wu and Xin Mao discussed the results and commented on the manuscript. Dan Zhu, Guanghui Yang, Yanyan Shao and Xiaoxue Zhang corrected the ¹³C-NMR data. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Xia, Q.; Zhang, H.; Sun, X.; Zhao, H.; Wu, L.; Zhu, D.; Yang, G.; Shao, Y.; Zhang, X.; Mao, X.; et al. A Comprehensive Review of the Structure Elucidation and Biological Activity of Triterpenoids from Ganoderma spp. Molecules 2014, 19, 17478-17535. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules191117478

AMA Style

Xia Q, Zhang H, Sun X, Zhao H, Wu L, Zhu D, Yang G, Shao Y, Zhang X, Mao X, et al. A Comprehensive Review of the Structure Elucidation and Biological Activity of Triterpenoids from Ganoderma spp. Molecules. 2014; 19(11):17478-17535. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules191117478

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Xia, Qing, Huazheng Zhang, Xuefei Sun, Haijuan Zhao, Lingfang Wu, Dan Zhu, Guanghui Yang, Yanyan Shao, Xiaoxue Zhang, Xin Mao, and et al. 2014. "A Comprehensive Review of the Structure Elucidation and Biological Activity of Triterpenoids from Ganoderma spp." Molecules 19, no. 11: 17478-17535. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules191117478

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A Comprehensive Review of the Structure Elucidation and Biological Activity of Triterpenoids from Ganoderma spp.

Abstract

1. Introduction

2. Ganoderma Triterpenes

3. ¹³C-NMR Data of Ganoderma Triterpenes

4. The Bioactivities of Ganoderma Triterpenes

4.1. Anti-Tumor Activity

4.2. Anti-HIV and Anti-HIV-1 Protease Activity

4.3. Neurotrophic Activity

4.4. Hepatoprotection

4.5. Antiobesity Activity

4.6. Hypoglycemic Activity

4.7. Other Bioactivities

5. Conclusions

Acknowledgments

Author Contributions

Conflicts of Interest

References

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A Comprehensive Review of the Structure Elucidation and Biological Activity of Triterpenoids from Ganoderma spp.

Abstract

1. Introduction

2. Ganoderma Triterpenes

3. 13C-NMR Data of Ganoderma Triterpenes

4. The Bioactivities of Ganoderma Triterpenes

4.1. Anti-Tumor Activity

4.2. Anti-HIV and Anti-HIV-1 Protease Activity

4.3. Neurotrophic Activity

4.4. Hepatoprotection

4.5. Antiobesity Activity

4.6. Hypoglycemic Activity

4.7. Other Bioactivities

5. Conclusions

Acknowledgments

Author Contributions

Conflicts of Interest

References

Share and Cite

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Article Access Statistics

Further Information

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3. ¹³C-NMR Data of Ganoderma Triterpenes