Molecules 2012, 17(10), 11294-11302; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules171011294
Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of 13-n-Alkyl Berberine and Palmatine Analogues as Anticancer Agents
1
School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
2
Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, China
3
Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, China
4
Wuxi JC Pharmaceutical Technology Inc., Wuxi 214036, Jiangsu, China
5
School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 30 August 2012 / Revised: 11 September 2012 / Accepted: 17 September 2012 / Published: 25 September 2012
(This article belongs to the Section Medicinal Chemistry)
Abstract
By introducing long carbon-chain alkyl groups at the C-13 position of berberine and palmatine, 13-n-hexyl/13-n-octyl berberine and palmatine chloride analogues 4a–d were synthesized and examined by MTT assays for cytotoxic activity in seven human cancer cell lines (7701QGY, SMMC7721, HepG2, CEM, CEM/VCR, KIII, Lewis), yielding IC50 values of 0.02 ± 0.01–13.58 ± 2.84 μM. 13-n-Octyl palmatine (compound 4d) gave the most potent inhibitor activity, with an IC50 of 0.02 ± 0.01 μM for SMMC7721. In all cases, the 13-n-alkyl berberine and palmatine analogues 4a–d were more cytotoxic than berberine and palmatine. In addition, compounds 4a–d also exhibited more potent cytotoxicity than berberine and palmatine in mice with S180 sarcoma xenografted in vivo. The primary screening results indicated that the 13-n-hexyl/13-n-octyl berberine and palmatine analogues might be valuable source for new potent anticancer drug candidates. View Full-TextKeywords:
berberine; palmatine; alkylation; cytotoxicity; antitumor
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Zhang, L.; Li, J.; Ma, F.; Yao, S.; Li, N.; Wang, J.; Wang, Y.; Wang, X.; Yao, Q. Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of 13-n-Alkyl Berberine and Palmatine Analogues as Anticancer Agents. Molecules 2012, 17, 11294-11302.
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