Chemical Composition of Essential Oil and Leaf Anatomy of Salvia bertolonii Vis. and Salvia pratensis L. (Sect. Plethiosphace, Lamiaceae)
Abstract
:Introduction
Results and Discussion
Chemical composition of the essential oils
Peak No. | Components | R.I.a | S. pratensis | S. bertolonii | Identification method b |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Monoterpene hydrocarbons | 0.3 | 0.2 | |||
1 | α-Pinene | 935 | traces | 0.1 | GC-MS |
2 | Camphene | 956 | 0.1 | - | MS |
3 | Sabinene | 972 | 0.1 | - | GC-MS |
5 | Limonene | 1032 | 0.1 | - | GC-MS |
8 | γ-Terpinene | 1060 | - | 0.1 | GC-MS |
Oxygenated Monoterpenes | 1.1 | 7.2 | |||
6 | 1,8-Cineole | 1034 | 0.4 | - | GC-MS |
7 | Benzene acetaldechyde | 1041 | 0.1 | - | MS |
9 | Phenol, 2-(1Z)-propenyl | 1150 | 0.2 | - | MS |
10 | Borneol | 1169 | - | 4.0 | GC-MS |
11 | 1-α-Terpineol | 1188 | 0.2 | 1.2 | GC-MS |
12 | Methyl chavicol | 1196 | - | 2.0 | GC-MS |
14 | Phenol, 2-(1E)-propenyl | 1266 | 0.2 | - | MS |
Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons | 53.7 | 21.9 | |||
16 | α-Cubebene | 1348 | 0.2 | - | MS |
17 | Cyclosativene | 1372 | 0.1 | - | MS |
18 | α-Copaene | 1378 | 0.2 | - | MS |
19 | β-Cubebene | 1390 | 5.6 | 0.4 | MS |
20 | β-Elemene | 1392 | 1.4 | - | MS |
21 | Z-Caryophyllene | 1405 | 0.2 | 11.4 | MS |
22 | E-Caryophyllene | 1419 | 26.4 | 2.9 | GC-MS |
23 | Aromadendrene | 1441 | 0.8 | - | MS |
25 | α-Humulene | 1452 | 2.9 | 3.3 | GC-MS |
26 | γ-Gurjunene | 1476 | 0.5 | - | MS |
27 | epi-Bicyclo sesquiphellandrene | 1490 | 5.6 | - | MS |
29 | γ-Cadinene | 1514 | - | 1.2 | MS |
30 | δ-Cadinene | 1524 | 0.4 | - | MS |
31 | Z-β-Farnesene | 1526 | 6.0 | 2.7 | MS |
32 | Germacrene B | 1562 | 3.4 | - | MS |
Oxygenated Sesquiterpenes | 1.4 | 35.1 | |||
33 | Spathulenol | 1578 | 0.8 | - | GC-MS |
34 | Caryophyllene-oxide | 1582 | - | 35.1 | MS |
37 | Vulgarone B | 1658 | 0.6 | - | MS |
Aliphatic Components | 15.7 | 10.8 | |||
4 | Nonanal | 1101 | 1.3 | 3.0 | MS |
13 | Dodecane | 1197 | - | 1.6 | MS |
15 | Cyclodecane | - | 2.1 | MS | |
24 | 2-Pentadecanone | 4.1 | 3.7 | MS | |
28 | Pentadecane | 0.5 | - | MS | |
35 | Hexadecane | 0.5 | - | MS | |
36 | Tetradecanal | 0.8 | - | MS | |
38 | Tetradecanoic acid | 0.6 | 0.1 | MS | |
39 | Heptadecane | 0.9 | - | MS | |
40 | 1,3,6-Heptatriene, 2,5,5-trimethyl | 1.0 | - | MS | |
41 | Octadecane | 0.3 | - | MS | |
42 | Hexadecanol | 0.8 | - | MS | |
43 | Nonadecane | 0.3 | 0.1 | MS | |
44 | Hexadecanoic (palmitic) acid | 0.3 | - | MS | |
45 | Hexadecanoic acid, 1-methyl ethyl ester | 1.9 | - | MS | |
46 | Heneicosane | 0.4 | - | MS | |
47 | Heptacosane | 0.7 | - | MS | |
48 | Octacosane | 0.7 | 0.2 | MS | |
49 | Tetratriacontane | 0.6 | - | MS | |
Amount of identified compounds | 72.2 | 74.3 |
Leaf morphology and anatomy
Characteristics | S. pratensis | S. bertolonii | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Leaf thickness | 146.5 ± 17.0 | 250.0 ± 23.0* | ||
Mesophyll thickness | 90.7 ± 8.3 | 217.1 ± 15.8* | ||
Palisade tissue cells | Height | 26.2 ± 5.8 | 48.0 ± 11.3* | |
Width | 13.7 ± 2.9 | 12.9 ± 2.7 | ||
Epidermal cells | Adaxial | Height | 35.2 ± 8.7 | 39.9 ± 10.2* |
Width | 40.8 ± 8.0 | 46.0 ± 9.4* | ||
Cuticle | 3.8 ± 0.2 | 5.1 ± 0.3* | ||
Abaxial | Height | 20.0 ± 3.2 | 24.5 ± 6.0* | |
Width | 25.8 ± 4.4 | 39.0 ± 7.9* | ||
Cuticle | 2.7 ± 0.2 | 3.6 ± 0.3* |
Micromorphological features
Characteristics | S. pratensis | S. bertolonii | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Number of stomata (mm2) | Adaxial epidermis | 148 ± 24.6 | 140 ± 20.2 | |
Abaxial epidermis | 390 ± 93.6 | 270 ± 32.9* | ||
Stomata size (mm) | Adaxial epidermis | Length | 27.4 ± 4.7 | 31.1 ± 5.7* |
Width | 17.2 ± 1.6 | 20.5 ± 2.2* | ||
Abaxial epidermis | Length | 24.8 ± 4.0 | 29.9 ± 5.5* | |
Width | 17.4 ± 1.6 | 20.6 ± 1.9* |
Experimental Section
Plant material
Isolation and analysis of the essential oil
Morphoanatomical measurements
Micromorphological studies
Acknowledgements
References and Notes
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Anačkov, G.; Božin, B.; Zorić, L.; Vukov, D.; Mimica-Dukić, N.; Merkulov, L.; Igić, R.; Jovanović, M.; Boža, P. Chemical Composition of Essential Oil and Leaf Anatomy of Salvia bertolonii Vis. and Salvia pratensis L. (Sect. Plethiosphace, Lamiaceae). Molecules 2009, 14, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules14010001
Anačkov G, Božin B, Zorić L, Vukov D, Mimica-Dukić N, Merkulov L, Igić R, Jovanović M, Boža P. Chemical Composition of Essential Oil and Leaf Anatomy of Salvia bertolonii Vis. and Salvia pratensis L. (Sect. Plethiosphace, Lamiaceae). Molecules. 2009; 14(1):1-9. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules14010001
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnačkov, Goran, Biljana Božin, Lana Zorić, Dragana Vukov, Neda Mimica-Dukić, Ljiljana Merkulov, Ružica Igić, Marina Jovanović, and Pal Boža. 2009. "Chemical Composition of Essential Oil and Leaf Anatomy of Salvia bertolonii Vis. and Salvia pratensis L. (Sect. Plethiosphace, Lamiaceae)" Molecules 14, no. 1: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules14010001