Current Landscape in Organic Nanosized Materials Advances for Improved Management of Colorectal Cancer Patients
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Current Pharmacotherapy Available for CRC
3. Targeting Strategies for Drug-Delivery Systems in CRC
3.1. Passive Targeting
3.2. Active Targeting
4. Organic Nanosized Drug-Delivery Systems for CRC Therapy
4.1. Lipid-Based Drug-Delivery Systems
4.2. Polymer-Based Drug-Delivery Systems
4.3. Hybrid Drug-Delivery Systems
5. Challenges in Drug-Delivery Systems Research
6. Conclusions and Future Outlook
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Stimuli | Nanosystem Description | Biological Investigation Highlights | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
Redox-responsive | Xylan-SS-curcumin nanoparticles loaded with 5-FU prodrug (5-FU-stearic acid) | Low hemolytic activity. Higher cytotoxicity than free drugs on HT-29 and HCT-115 cells. | [131] |
pH-responsive | O’-methyl polyethylene glycol (omPEG) IRI liposomes and omPEG miR-200 solid lipid nanoparticle, both functionalized with mitochondria-targeting peptide K (RFKH) | Potent inductor of apoptosis that modulates effects of β-catenin/Multidrug Resistance (MDR)/apoptosis/Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) signaling pathways. In vivo superior tumor growth inhibition and low cytotoxicity on non-cancerous cells. | [132] |
Enzyme-responsive | Doxorubicin c-RGD polytyrosine nanoparticles | Efficiently internalized by αvβ5 overexpressing HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells and highly cytotoxic. Improve survival rate of tumor-bearing mice by efficient tumor growth inhibition compared with free DOX or DOX liposomal formulation. | [133] |
Magnetic-responsive | Hybrid liposome-magnetic nanoparticles loaded with Cy5.5 dye and oxaliplatin | Magnetic field stimulation enhanced cytotoxicity of nanoparticles in CC-531 adenocarcinoma cell cultures and directed the selective delivery of oxaliplatin at high concentrations in the targeted tissue. | [134] |
Ultrasound-responsive | Anti-β-catenin small interfering RNA-loaded chitosan hydrochloride/carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticle | Efficiently internalized by HT-29 tumor cells and successfully suppress in vitro expression of β-catenin. | [135] |
Light-responsive | Polythiophene nanoparticles | Exert no cytotoxicity on colon carcinoma CT-26 cells in the range of 25–250 µg/mL concentration, while NIR laser-triggered photothermal treatment in nanoparticle pretreated CT-26 cell cultures triggers reduction of cell viability and apoptosis. | [136] |
Lipid Composition/Synthesis Method | Drug Cargo | Active Targeting | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
DOTAP:DOPE:DSPE-PEG2000/thin layer film hydration method | 5-FU | HA for CD44 receptor targeting | [118] |
PC:CHOL:DSPE/thin layer film hydration method | 5-FU | Transferrin for transferrin receptor (TFR) targeting | [100] |
DPPC:CHOL:DSPE-PEG2000/thin layer film hydration method | 5-FU | Folate for folate receptor (FR) targeting | [147] |
PC:DSPE-PEG2000/ethanol injection method | rapamycin | Not applicable (NA) | [148] |
PC-98T:DSPE-PEG2000:CHOL/thin layer film hydration method | SN38 | HA | [149] |
PC:DSPE-PEG2000/thin layer film hydration method | OXP | NA | [150] |
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Ginghină, O.; Hudiță, A.; Zaharia, C.; Tsatsakis, A.; Mezhuev, Y.; Costache, M.; Gălățeanu, B. Current Landscape in Organic Nanosized Materials Advances for Improved Management of Colorectal Cancer Patients. Materials 2021, 14, 2440. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14092440
Ginghină O, Hudiță A, Zaharia C, Tsatsakis A, Mezhuev Y, Costache M, Gălățeanu B. Current Landscape in Organic Nanosized Materials Advances for Improved Management of Colorectal Cancer Patients. Materials. 2021; 14(9):2440. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14092440
Chicago/Turabian StyleGinghină, Octav, Ariana Hudiță, Cătălin Zaharia, Aristidis Tsatsakis, Yaroslav Mezhuev, Marieta Costache, and Bianca Gălățeanu. 2021. "Current Landscape in Organic Nanosized Materials Advances for Improved Management of Colorectal Cancer Patients" Materials 14, no. 9: 2440. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14092440