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Open AccessArticle
Efficient Entanglement Swapping in Quantum Networks for Multi-User Scenarios †
1
College of Computer and Data Science, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
2
School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC 3125, Australia
3
Cisco Systems Inc., Suzhou 215123, China
4
Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Information Security of Network System, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
5
Zhicheng College, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
6
Quan Cheng Laboratory, Jinan 250014, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
This paper is an extended version of our paper published in QCNC 2024—IEEE International Conference on Quantum Communications, Networking, and Computing, Kanazawa, Japan, 1–3 July 2024
Entropy 2025, 27(6), 615; https://doi.org/10.3390/e27060615 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 10 May 2025
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Revised: 5 June 2025
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Accepted: 6 June 2025
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Published: 9 June 2025
Abstract
Entanglement swapping is a crucial step in quantum communication, generating long-distance entanglements between quantum users for quantum network applications, such as distributed quantum computing. This study focuses on the efficiency of entanglement swapping strategies in quantum networks, particularly in multi-user concurrent quantum communication. Since multi-user concurrent quantum communication consists of multiple point-to-point quantum communications, we first analyze the challenges faced by existing entanglement swapping strategies in this scenario and then propose Parallel Segment Entanglement Swapping (PSES) to address them. PSES utilizes a tree-like model to divide the path into segments and execute entanglement swapping in parallel across them, thereby enhancing the generation rate of long-distance entanglement. Furthermore, we analyze the impact of resource contention on entanglement swapping in multi-user concurrent quantum communication and propose Multi-user PSES (M-PSES) to alleviate this negative impact. M-PSES leverages the entanglement swapping trigger signal and resource locking mechanisms to mitigate resource contention. The simulation results show that PSES performs superiorly to existing entanglement swapping strategies in point-to-point quantum communication, and M-PSES can achieve better performance than PSES in multi-user concurrent quantum communication.
Share and Cite
MDPI and ACS Style
He, B.; Loke, S.W.; Lu, L.; Zhang, D.
Efficient Entanglement Swapping in Quantum Networks for Multi-User Scenarios. Entropy 2025, 27, 615.
https://doi.org/10.3390/e27060615
AMA Style
He B, Loke SW, Lu L, Zhang D.
Efficient Entanglement Swapping in Quantum Networks for Multi-User Scenarios. Entropy. 2025; 27(6):615.
https://doi.org/10.3390/e27060615
Chicago/Turabian Style
He, Binjie, Seng W. Loke, Luke Lu, and Dong Zhang.
2025. "Efficient Entanglement Swapping in Quantum Networks for Multi-User Scenarios" Entropy 27, no. 6: 615.
https://doi.org/10.3390/e27060615
APA Style
He, B., Loke, S. W., Lu, L., & Zhang, D.
(2025). Efficient Entanglement Swapping in Quantum Networks for Multi-User Scenarios. Entropy, 27(6), 615.
https://doi.org/10.3390/e27060615
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